2006 Minnesota Statutes

CHAPTER 70A. INSURANCE RATE REGULATION

70A.01 INTERPRETATION GUIDE.
    Subdivision 1. Liberal construction. This chapter shall be liberally construed to achieve
the purposes stated in subdivision 2, which shall constitute an aid and guide to interpretation but
not an independent source of power.
    Subd. 2. Purposes. The purposes of this chapter are:
(a) to protect policyholders and the public against the adverse effects of excessive,
inadequate or unfairly discriminatory rates;
(b) to encourage, as the most effective way to produce rates that conform to the standards of
(a), independent action by and reasonable price competition among insurers;
(c) to provide formal regulatory controls for use if independent action and price competition
fail;
(d) to authorize cooperative action among insurers in the ratemaking process, and to regulate
such cooperation in order to prevent practices that tend to bring about monopoly or to lessen or
destroy competition;
(e) to encourage efficient and economic practices.
History: 1969 c 958 s 1

70A.02 SCOPE OF APPLICATION.
    Subdivision 1. Forms of insurance to which applicable. This chapter applies to casualty
insurance, to fidelity, surety and guaranty bonds, to fire and allied lines of insurance and to inland
marine insurance, on risks or operations in this state.
    Subd. 2. Nonapplication of chapter. This chapter shall not apply to:
(1) insurance written by township or farmers' mutual insurance companies subject to the
provisions of chapter 67A; insurance written by companies organized pursuant to section
66A.311, or to tornado, cyclone, or hurricane insurance, the consideration for which, except for
policy, membership or survey fees, is paid entirely by assessments on policyholders;
(2) reinsurance, other than joint reinsurance to the extent stated in section 70A.16;
(3) accident and health insurance;
(4) insurance against loss of or damage to aircraft, used in scheduled airline operations,
including their accessories and equipment, or against liability arising out of the ownership,
maintenance, or use of aircraft;
(5) insurance of vessels or craft, their cargoes, marine builders' risks, marine protection
and indemnity, or other risks commonly insured under marine, as distinguished from inland
marine, insurance policies;
(6) workers' compensation insurance;
(7) insurance covering any of the liability of an employer exempted from insuring the
employer's liability for compensation as provided in section 176.181; and
(8) disability and double indemnity insurance issued as part of a life insurance contract.
    Subd. 3. Exemptions. The commissioner may exempt from any or all of the provisions of
this chapter, if and to the extent that the commissioner finds their application unnecessary to
achieve the purposes of this chapter;
(1) any specified person by order, or class of persons by rule; and
(2) any specified risk by order, or any line or kind of insurance or subdivision thereof or
class of risks or combination of classes by rule.
History: 1969 c 958 s 2; 1975 c 359 s 23; 1977 c 365 s 1; 1986 c 444; 2005 c 69 art 2 s 18

70A.03 DEFINITIONS.
For the purposes of this chapter, unless a different meaning is manifest from the context:
(1) "Casualty insurance," except as excluded by subdivision 2 of section 70A.02, means any
of the kinds of insurance enumerated in section 60A.06, subdivision 1, clauses (3), (5), (6), (7),
(8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), and (14), together with similar kinds of insurance which may be
written pursuant to the provisions of section 60A.06, subdivision 2, and, notwithstanding the
provisions of section 71A.07, includes insurance effected or exchanged pursuant to the provisions
of chapter 71A, and the term "insurers" includes all individuals, partnerships or corporations
and their attorneys engaged in effecting or exchanging insurance pursuant to the provisions of
those statutes.
(2) "Fire and allied lines of insurance," except as excluded by subdivision 2 of section
70A.02, means and includes insurance against the risks of loss specified in section 60A.06,
subdivision 1 , clause (1), and all other kinds of insurance which fire insurance companies are now,
or may hereafter be, authorized to write in this state, and, notwithstanding the provisions of section
71A.07, includes insurance effected or exchanged pursuant to the provisions of chapter 71A, and
the term "insurers" includes all individuals, partnerships or corporations and their attorneys
engaged in effecting or exchanging insurance pursuant to the provisions of those statutes.
(3) "Inland marine insurance" includes insurance now or hereafter defined by statute, or by
judicial interpretation thereof, or if not so defined or interpreted, by ruling of the commissioner, or
as established by general custom of the business, as inland marine insurance.
(4) "Supplementary rate information" includes every manual of classifications, rules and
rates, every rating plan and every modification of any of the foregoing, and any other information
requested by the commissioner.
(5) "Rate service organization" means any person, other than an employee of an insurer, who
assists insurers or other rate service organizations in rate making or filing by:
(a) collecting, compiling, and furnishing loss or expense statistics; or
(b) recommending, making, or filing rates or supplementary rate information.
History: 1969 c 958 s 3

70A.04 RATE STANDARDS.
    Subdivision 1. Prohibitions. Rates shall not be excessive, inadequate or unfairly
discriminatory, nor shall an insurer use rates to engage in unfair price competition.
    Subd. 2. Excessiveness; market test. (a) Rates are presumed not to be excessive if a
reasonable degree of price competition exists at the consumer level with respect to the class of
business to which they apply. In determining whether a reasonable degree of price competition
exists, the commissioner shall consider all relevant tests.
In addition to any other manner of determining whether a reasonable degree of price
competition exists with respect to any class of insurance, it is presumed that a reasonable degree
of competition does not exist if less than five insurers write more than 75 percent of the direct
written premiums.
(b) If such competition does not exist, rates are excessive if they are likely to produce a
long-run profit that is unreasonably high in relation to the riskiness of the class of business, or if
expenses are unreasonably high in relation to the services rendered.
In determining whether an excessive rate is being charged by an individual insurer for a
class of insurance where a reasonable degree of competition does not exist, the commissioner
shall determine whether the rate charged produces a rate of return that is not in excess of a
reasonable rate of return. To determine what is a reasonable rate of return, the riskiness of the
class of insurance, the profitability of the insurer in that class of business, and other relevant
factors shall be considered.
    Subd. 3. Solidity of insurer. Rates are inadequate only if they will endanger the solidity
of an insurer that uses them or if they are insufficient to sustain projected losses and expenses
within the state. Rates are conclusively presumed to be adequate if they are sufficient to sustain
projected losses and expenses within the state.
    Subd. 4. Discriminatory rates. One rate is unfairly discriminatory in relation to another if it
clearly fails to reflect equitably the differences in expected losses, expenses and the degree of
risk. Rates are not unfairly discriminatory because different premiums result for policyholders
with like loss exposures but different expense factors, or like expense factors but different loss
exposures, so long as the rates reflect the differences with reasonable accuracy. Rates are not
unfairly discriminatory if they attempt to spread risk broadly among persons insured under a
group, franchise or blanket policy.
    Subd. 5. Unfair price competition. Unfair price competition exists if an insurer charges any
rate for the purpose of securing an unfair competitive advantage, or if the use of the rate has or
tends to have or if continued will have or tend to have the effect of destroying competition or
creating a monopoly.
History: 1969 c 958 s 4; 1986 c 455 s 51

70A.05 RATING METHODS.
The compliance of rates with the standards of section 70A.04 shall be determined by
considering the following matters:
(1) Factors in rates. Due consideration shall be given to past and prospective loss and
expense experience within and outside this state, to a reasonable provision for catastrophe hazards
and contingencies, to clearly discernible trends within and outside this state, to dividends or
savings allowed or returned by insurers to their policyholders, members or subscribers, and to all
other relevant factors, including the judgment of underwriters and raters.
(2) Classification. Risks may be classified by any reasonable method for the establishment
of rates and minimum premiums. Classifications may not be based on race, color, creed or
national origin. Rates thus produced may be modified for individual risks in accordance with
rating plans or schedules which establish standards for measuring probable variations in hazards,
expenses, or both.
(3) Profits. The rates may contain an allowance permitting a profit that is not unreasonable.
History: 1969 c 958 s 5

70A.06 FILING REQUIREMENTS.
    Subdivision 1. Generally. Every licensed insurer and every rate service organization licensed
under section 70A.14 shall file with the commissioner all rates and all changes and amendments
of rates made by it for use in this state not later than their effective date. No rates contained in a
filing shall become effective unless they have been filed with the commissioner. In any filing,
the commissioner may require the insurer or rate service organization to file supporting data and
explanatory data which shall include:
(1) the experience and judgment of the filer, and, to the extent it wishes or the commissioner
requires, of other insurers or rate service organizations;
(2) its interpretation of any statistical data relied upon;
(3) descriptions of the actuarial and statistical methods employed; and
(4) any other matters deemed relevant by the commissioner or the filer.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the supporting data is not filed within 30 days after
so requested by the commissioner, the rate is no longer effective and is presumed to be an
excessive rate.
    Subd. 1a. Excessive rate hearings. Whenever an insurer files a change in a rate that will
result in a 25 percent or more increase in a 12-month period over existing rates, the commissioner
may hold a hearing to determine if the change is excessive. The hearing must be conducted under
chapter 14. The commissioner must give notice of intent to hold a hearing within 60 days of the
filing of the change. It shall be the responsibility of the insurer to show the rate is not excessive.
The rate is effective unless it is determined as a result of the hearing that the rate is excessive.
    Subd. 2. Policy form filings. No policy form shall be delivered or issued for delivery unless
it has been filed with the commissioner and either (i) the commissioner has approved it or (ii)
60 days have elapsed and the commissioner has not disapproved it as misleading or violative
of public policy, which period may be extended by the commissioner for an additional period
not to exceed 60 days.
    Subd. 3. Inland marine risk exception. Subdivisions 1 and 2 shall not apply to policies or
rates for inland marine risks which by general custom of the business are not written according to
manual rates or rating plans, except that subdivisions 1 and 2 shall apply to policies insuring the
personal property purchased under a credit transaction or a credit transaction involving a debtor
pledging personal property as collateral. For purposes of this subdivision the personal property
insured in credit transactions or credit transactions involving a debtor pledging personal property
as collateral shall refer only to such personal property of the debtor used for personal use and not
used in any business, trade or profession of the debtor.
    Subd. 4.[Repealed, 1986 c 455 s 94]
    Subd. 5.[Repealed, 1995 c 24 s 2]
History: 1969 c 958 s 6; 1977 c 365 s 2; 1983 c 293 s 62; 1986 c 444; 1986 c 455 s 52,53;
1987 c 337 s 113

70A.07 RATES AND FORMS OPEN TO INSPECTION.
All rates, supplementary rate information, and forms furnished to the commissioner under
this chapter shall, within ten days after their effective date, be open to public inspection at any
reasonable time.
History: 1969 c 958 s 7; 1996 c 446 art 1 s 60; 2001 c 215 s 35; 2006 c 255 s 58

70A.08 RATE MAKING AND RATE FILING AUTHORITY.
    Subdivision 1. Delegated rate making permitted. An insurer may itself establish rates
and supplementary rate information for any or all kinds or lines of insurance or subdivisions
thereof or classes of risks or combinations thereof, based on its own experience, modified by other
relevant experience to achieve credibility, or it may use rates and supplementary rate information
prepared by a rate service organization, with average expense factors determined by the rate
service organization or with such modification for its own expense and loss experience as the
credibility of that experience allows.
    Subd. 2. Delegated rate filing permitted. An insurer may discharge its obligation under
section 70A.06 by giving notice to the commissioner that it uses rates and supplementary rate
information prepared by a designated rate service organization, with such information about any
modifications thereof as are necessary fully to inform the commissioner. The insurer's rates
and supplementary rate information shall be those filed from time to time by the rate service
organization, including any amendments thereto as filed, subject, however, to any modifications
filed by the insurer, until the insurer gives notice to the commissioner changing or terminating
the designation.
    Subd. 3. Approval of claims-made policies. The commissioner may restrict approval on
claims-made policies to forms filed by a rate service organization which have been approved.
History: 1969 c 958 s 8; 1986 c 455 s 54; 1987 c 337 s 114

70A.09 ASSIGNED RISKS.
Agreements may be made among insurers with respect to the equitable apportionment among
them of insurance which may be afforded applicants who are in good faith entitled to but who are
unable to procure such insurance through ordinary methods and those insurers may agree among
themselves on the use of reasonable rate modifications for that insurance, those agreements and
rate modifications to be subject to the approval of the commissioner.
History: 1969 c 958 s 9

70A.10 DELAYED EFFECT OF RATES.
    Subdivision 1. Order instituting delayed effect. If the commissioner finds, after a hearing,
that competition is not an effective regulator of the rates charged or that a substantial number of
companies are competing irresponsibly through the rates charged, or that there are widespread
violations of this chapter, in any kind or line of insurance or subdivision thereof or in any rating
class or rating territory, the commissioner may issue an order requiring that in the kind or line of
insurance or subdivision thereof or rating class or rating territory comprehended by the finding
any subsequent changes in the rates or supplementary rate information be filed at least 60 days
before they become effective. The commissioner may extend the waiting period for not to exceed
30 additional days by written notice to the filer before the 60-day period expires.
    Subd. 2. Supporting data. In the order issued under subdivision 1 or in any supplementary
order, the commissioner may require the filing of supporting data as to any or all kinds or lines of
insurance or subdivisions thereof or classes of risks or combinations thereof as the commissioner
deems necessary for the proper functioning of the rate monitoring and regulating process. The
supporting data shall include:
(a) the experience and judgment of the filer, and, to the extent it wishes or the commissioner
requires, of other insurers or rate service organizations;
(b) its interpretation of any statistical data relied upon;
(c) descriptions of the actuarial and statistical methods employed; and
(d) any other matters deemed relevant by the commissioner or the filer.
    Subd. 3. Expiration of order. An order issued under subdivision 1 shall expire no more
than two years after issue.
    Subd. 4. Supporting information. Whenever a filing is not accompanied by such
information as the commissioner has required under subdivision 2, the commissioner may so
inform the insurer and the filing shall be deemed to be made when the information is furnished.
History: 1969 c 958 s 10; 1986 c 444; 1986 c 455 s 55

70A.11 DISAPPROVAL OF RATES.
    Subdivision 1. Order after hearing. If the commissioner finds after a contested case
proceeding under chapter 14 that a rate is not in compliance with section 70A.04, the
commissioner shall order that its use is to be discontinued and shall order the excess premium
plus interest at the rate specified in section 549.09 to be refunded to the policyholder. The amount
of the refund, plus interest, must be computed from the commencement date of the contested case
hearing on the rate. Interest must be computed as simple interest per annum.
    Subd. 2. Timing of order. The order under subdivision 1 shall be issued within 60 days after
the close of the hearing or within such reasonable time extension as the commissioner may fix.
    Subd. 3. Approval of substituted rate. No rate replacing a disapproved rate may be used
until it has been filed with the commissioner and not disapproved within 60 days thereafter, except
that the rate disapproved under subdivision 1, with the consent of the commissioner, or the last
previous rate in effect for the insurer may be used for a period of not more than three months
pending the approval of a substituted rate. The commissioner's order may include provision for a
premium adjustment in a rate charged pending approval of a substituted rate.
History: 1969 c 958 s 11; 1986 c 444; 1986 c 455 s 56

70A.12 SPECIAL RESTRICTIONS ON INDIVIDUAL INSURERS.
The commissioner may by order require that a particular insurer shall file any or all of its
rates and supplementary rate information 30 days prior to their effective date, if and to the extent
that the commissioner finds after a hearing that the protection of the interests of its insureds and
the public in this state requires closer supervision of its rates because of the insurer's financial
condition or rating practices. The commissioner may extend the waiting period for any filing
for not to exceed 15 additional days by written notice to the insurer before the 30 day period
expires. A filing not disapproved before the expiration of the waiting period shall be deemed to
meet the requirements of this chapter, subject to the possibility of subsequent disapproval under
section 70A.11.
History: 1969 c 958 s 12; 1986 c 444

70A.13 OPERATION AND CONTROL OF RATE SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS.
    Subdivision 1. License required. No rate service organization shall provide any service
relating to the rates of any insurance subject to this chapter, and no insurer shall employ the
services of such organization for such purposes unless the organization has obtained a license
under section 70A.14.
    Subd. 2. Availability of services. Every rate service organization shall supply without
discrimination any services for which it is licensed in this state to any insurer authorized to do
business in this state and offering to pay the fair and usual compensation for the services.
History: 1969 c 958 s 13

70A.14 LICENSING.
    Subdivision 1. Application. A rate service organization applying for a license as required by
section 70A.13, subdivision 1, shall include with its application:
(a) a copy of its constitution, charter, articles of organization, agreement, association or
incorporation, and a copy of its bylaws, plan of operation and any other rules or regulations
governing the conduct of its business;
(b) a list of its members and subscribers;
(c) the name and address of one or more residents of this state upon whom notices, process
affecting it or orders of the commissioner may be served;
(d) a statement showing its technical qualifications for acting in the capacity for which it
seeks a license; and
(e) any other relevant information and documents that the commissioner may require.
    Subd. 2. Change of circumstances. Every organization which has applied for a license
under subdivision 1 shall thereafter promptly notify the commissioner of every material change in
the facts or in the documents on which its application was based.
    Subd. 3. Granting a license. If the commissioner finds that the applicant and the natural
persons through whom it acts are competent, trustworthy, and technically qualified to provide the
services proposed, and that all requirements of law are met, the commissioner shall issue a license
specifying the authorized activity of the applicant. The commissioner shall not issue a license if
the proposed activity would tend to create a monopoly or to lessen or destroy price competition.
    Subd. 4. Duration. Licenses issued pursuant to this section shall remain in effect until the
licensee withdraws from the state or until the license is suspended or revoked. The fee for each
license shall be $3,000, payable every three years.
    Subd. 5. Amendments to constitution and bylaws. Any amendment to a document filed
under subdivision 1(a) shall be filed within 30 days of its adoption. Failure to comply with this
subsection shall be a ground for revocation of the license granted under subdivision 3.
History: 1969 c 958 s 14; 1974 c 5 s 2; 1986 c 444; 1987 c 358 s 97; 1999 c 223 art 2 s 9

70A.15 BINDING AGREEMENTS BY INSURERS.
No insurer shall assume any obligation to any person other than a policyholder or other
companies under common control to use or adhere to certain rates or rules, and no other person
shall impose any penalty or other adverse consequence for failure of an insurer to adhere to
certain rates or rules.
History: 1969 c 958 s 15

70A.16 JOINT UNDERWRITING OR JOINT REINSURANCE.
    Subdivision 1. Joint underwriting. Every group, association, or other organization of
insurers which engages in joint underwriting shall be subject to all the provisions of this chapter.
    Subd. 2. Joint reinsurance. Every group, association, or other organization of insurers
which engages in joint reinsurance, shall be subject to the provisions of sections 70A.18 and
70A.20 to 70A.22.
    Subd. 3. Unfair or unreasonable practice. If, after a hearing, the commissioner finds that
any activity or practice of any group, association or other organization referred to in subdivision
1 or 2 is unfair, unreasonable, or otherwise inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter, the
commissioner shall issue a written order specifying in what respects that activity or practice is
unfair, unreasonable or otherwise inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter, and requiring
the discontinuance of the activity or practice.
History: 1969 c 958 s 16; 1986 c 444

70A.17 RECORDING AND REPORTING OF EXPERIENCE.
    Subdivision 1. Rules and statistical plans. The commissioner shall promulgate and may
modify reasonable rules and statistical plans, reasonably adapted to each of the rating systems
used, and which shall thereafter be used by each insurer in the recording and reporting of its loss
and countrywide expense experience, in order that the experience of all insurers may be made
available at least annually in such form and detail as may be necessary to aid in determining
whether rates comply with the applicable standards of this chapter. Such rules and plans may
also provide for the recording and reporting of expense experience items which are specially
applicable to this state and are not susceptible of determination by a prorating of countrywide
expense practice.
    Subd. 2. Uniformity of rules and plans. In promulgating such rules and plans the
commissioner shall give due consideration to the rating systems in use in this state and, in order
that such rules and plans may be as uniform as is practicable among the several states, to the
rules and to the form of the plans used for such rating systems in other states. No insurer shall
be required to record or report its loss experience on a classification basis that is inconsistent
with the rating system used by it.
    Subd. 3. Rating organization assistance. The commissioner may designate one or more
rating organizations or other agencies to assist in gathering such experience and making
compilations thereof, and such compilations shall be made available, subject to reasonable rules
promulgated by the commissioner, to insurers and rating organizations.
History: 1969 c 958 s 17; 1986 c 444

70A.18 EXAMINATIONS.
Whenever the commissioner deems it necessary in order to become informed about any
matter related to the enforcement of this chapter the commissioner may examine or cause to be
examined any rate service organization subject to section 70A.13, subdivision 1, any insurer and
any group, association or other organization referred to in section 70A.16. The reasonable costs of
any such examination shall be paid by the rate service organization, insurer, or group, association
or other organization examined, upon presentation to it of a detailed account of such costs. The
officers, manager, agents and employees of any such rate service organization, insurer, or group,
association or other organization may be examined at any time under oath and shall exhibit all
books, records, accounts, documents, or agreements governing its method of operation. In lieu of
any such examination the commissioner may accept the report of an examination made by the
insurance supervisory official of another state, pursuant to the laws of such state.
History: 1969 c 958 s 18; 1986 c 444

70A.19 INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED INSUREDS; HEARING AND APPEALS
OF INSUREDS.
Every rate service organization and every insurer which makes its own rates shall, within
a reasonable time after receiving written request therefor, furnish to any insured affected by a
rate made by it, or to the authorized representative of that insured, all pertinent information as
to that rate. Every rate service organization and every insurer which makes its own rates shall
provide within this state reasonable means whereby any person aggrieved by the application of its
rating system may be heard, in person or by an authorized representative, on a written request to
review the manner in which that rating system has been applied in connection with the insurance
afforded. If the rate service organization or insurer fails to grant or reject any such request within
30 days after it is made, the applicant may proceed in the same manner as if the application had
been rejected. Any party affected by the action of a rate service organization or insurer on any
such request may, within 30 days after written notice of such action, appeal to the commissioner
who, after a hearing held upon not less than ten days' written notice to the appellant and to the rate
service organization or insurer, may affirm or reverse its action.
History: 1969 c 958 s 19; 1986 c 444

70A.20 FALSE OR MISLEADING INFORMATION.
No person or organization shall willfully withhold information from, or knowingly give
false or misleading information to the commissioner, any statistical agency designated by the
commissioner, any rate service organization, or any insurer, which will affect the rates chargeable
under this chapter.
History: 1969 c 958 s 20

70A.21 PENALTIES.
    Subdivision 1. Violation; willful violation. The commissioner may, if the commissioner
finds that any person or organization has violated any provisions of this chapter, impose a penalty
of not more than $50 for each violation, and if the commissioner finds such violation to be willful
the commissioner may impose a penalty of not more than $500 therefor. Such penalties may be in
addition to any other penalty provided by law.
    Subd. 2. Suspension of license. The commissioner may suspend the license of any rate
service organization or insurer which fails to comply with any order within the time limited by
such order, or any extension thereof which the commissioner may grant. The commissioner shall
not suspend the license of any rate service organization or insurer for failure to comply with an
order until the time prescribed for an appeal therefrom has expired or, if an appeal has been
taken, until the order has been affirmed. The commissioner may determine when a suspension
of license shall become effective and that suspension shall remain in effect for the period fixed,
unless the commissioner modifies or rescinds it, or until the order upon which it is based is
modified, rescinded or reversed.
    Subd. 3. Penalty imposed by written order. No penalty shall be imposed, and no license
shall be suspended or revoked, except upon a written order of the commissioner, stating the
findings made after a hearing held upon not less than ten days' written notice to the person or
organization to be affected thereby, specifying the alleged violation or ground of suspension or
revocation.
History: 1969 c 958 s 21; 1986 c 444

70A.22 HEARINGS, PROCEDURE, AND JUDICIAL REVIEW.
    Subdivision 1. Request for hearing; hearing; order thereon. Any insurer or rate service
organization aggrieved by any order or decision of the commissioner made without a hearing,
may, within 30 days after notice of the order to it, make written request to the commissioner
for a hearing thereon. The commissioner shall hear the party or parties within 20 days after
receipt of the request and shall give not less than ten days' written notice of the time and place of
the hearing. Within 15 days after hearing the commissioner shall affirm, reverse or modify the
previous action, specifying the reasons therefor. Pending the hearing and decision thereon the
commissioner may suspend or postpone the effective date of the previous action.
    Subd. 2. Formal rules of pleading or evidence not required. Nothing contained in this
chapter shall require the observance at any hearing of formal rules of pleading or evidence.
    Subd. 3. Appeal. Any order or decision of the commissioner shall be subject to appeal in
accordance with chapter 14.
History: 1969 c 958 s 22; 1983 c 247 s 35; 1986 c 444

70A.23 TRANSITION PROVISIONS.
On September 1, 1969, all rates on file with the commissioner and not disapproved may be
used without further delay, subject to the provisions of this chapter.
History: 1969 c 958 s 23; 1986 c 444