1999 Minnesota Statutes

CHAPTER 466. Tort liability, political subdivisions

     466.01 Definitions. 

    Subdivision 1.    Municipality.  For the purposes of 
 sections 466.01 to 466.15, "municipality" means any city, 
 whether organized under home rule charter or otherwise, any 
 county, town, public authority, public corporation, nonprofit 
 firefighting corporation that has associated with it a relief 
 association as defined in section 424A.001, subdivision 4, 
 special district, school district, however organized, county 
 agricultural society organized pursuant to chapter 38, joint 
 powers board or organization created under section 471.59 or 
 other statute, public library, regional public library system, 
 multicounty multitype library system, the following local 
 collaboratives whose plans have been approved by the children's 
 cabinet:  family services collaboratives established under 
 section 124D.23, children's mental health collaboratives 
 established under sections 245.491 to 245.496, or a 
 collaborative established by the merger of a children's mental 
 health collaborative and a family services collaborative, other 
 political subdivision, or community action agency. 

    Subd. 2.    Governing body of a town, school district.  
 For the purposes of sections 466.01 to 466.15, the "governing 
 body of a town" means the board of supervisors thereof; "school 
 district" includes an unorganized territory as defined in 
 Minnesota Statutes 1961, section 120.02, subdivision 17. 

    Subd. 3.    Release, hazardous substance.  For the 
 purposes of sections 466.01 to 466.15, "release" and "hazardous 
 substance" have the meanings given in section 115B.02.  

    Subd. 4. Repealed, 1997 c 7 art 1 s 140 

    Subd. 5. Repealed, 1997 c 7 art 1 s 140 

    Subd. 6.    Employee, officer, or agent.  For the 
 purposes of sections 466.01 to 466.15, "employee," "officer," or 
 "agent" means a present or former employee, officer, or agent of 
 a municipality, or other person acting on behalf of the 
 municipality in an official capacity, temporarily or 
 permanently, with or without compensation, but does not include 
 an independent contractor other than a nonprofit firefighting 
 corporation that has associated with it a relief association as 
 defined in section 424A.001, subdivision 4.  "Employee" includes 
 court administrators who are not under section 480.181, 
 subdivision 1, paragraph (b), and their staff under chapter 485, 
 district administration staff in the second and fourth judicial 
 districts, and other employees within the court system whose 
 salaries are paid by the county, other than employees who remain 
 on the county payroll under section 480.181, subdivision 2. 

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 1; 1973 c 123 art 5 s 7; 1978 c 659 s 3; 
 1983 c 121 s 27; 1983 c 280 s 2; 1986 c 395 s 12,13; 1986 c 455 
 s 64; 1988 c 708 s 7; 1989 c 335 art 3 s 12; 1994 c 632 art 4 s 
 75; 1996 c 412 art 3 s 34; 1996 c 448 art 6 s 1,2; 1997 c 203 
 art 5 s 23; 1998 c 397 art 11 s 3; 1999 c 205 art 1 s 59; 1999 c 
 216 art 7 s 25 

*   NOTE:  Laws 1999, chapter 216, article 7, section 46, 
*subdivisions 1 and 3, provide specific effective dates for the 
*state takeover of court administrative and miscellaneous costs 
*under subdivision 6, as amended by Laws 1999, chapter 216, 
*article 7, section 25.

     466.02 Tort liability. 

    Subject to the limitations of sections 466.01 to 466.15, 
 every municipality is subject to liability for its torts and 
 those of its officers, employees and agents acting within the 
 scope of their employment or duties whether arising out of a 
 governmental or proprietary function. 

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 2; 1976 c 2 s 142 

     466.03 Exceptions. 

    Subdivision 1.    Scope.  Section 466.02 does not apply 
 to any claim enumerated in this section.  As to any such claim 
 every municipality shall be liable only in accordance with the 
 applicable statute and where there is no such statute, every 
 municipality shall be immune from liability. 

    Subd. 2. Repealed, 1987 c 346 s 18 

    Subd. 3.    Tax claims.  Any claim in connection with 
 the assessment and collection of taxes. 

    Subd. 4.    Accumulations of snow and ice.  (a) Any 
 claim based on snow or ice conditions on any highway or public 
 sidewalk that does not abut a publicly owned building or 
 publicly owned parking lot, except when the condition is 
 affirmatively caused by the negligent acts of the municipality. 

    (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), a municipality that owns 
 or leases a building or parking lot in another municipality is 
 not immune from a claim based on snow or ice conditions on a 
 public sidewalk abutting the building or parking lot, but the 
 other municipality is immune, except when the condition is 
 affirmatively caused by its own negligent acts. 

    Subd. 5.    Execution of statute.  Any claim based upon 
 an act or omission of an officer or employee, exercising due 
 care, in the execution of a valid or invalid statute, charter, 
 ordinance, resolution, or rule. 

    Subd. 6.    Discretionary acts.  Any claim based upon 
 the performance or the failure to exercise or perform a 
 discretionary function or duty, whether or not the discretion is 
 abused. 

    Subd. 6a.    Driving under the influence; custody of motor 
 vehicle.  Any claim for which recovery is prohibited by 
 section 169.121, subdivision 9.  

    Subd. 6b.    Unimproved property.  Any claim based upon 
 the condition of unimproved real property owned by the 
 municipality. 

    Subd. 6c.    Water access sites.  Any claim based upon 
 the construction, operation, or maintenance by a municipality of 
 a water access site created by the iron range resources and 
 rehabilitation board.  A water access site under this 
 subdivision that provides access to an idled, water filled mine 
 pit also includes the entire water filled area of the pit, and, 
 further, claims related to a mine pit water access site under 
 this subdivision include those based upon the caving or slumping 
 of mine pit walls.  

    Subd. 6d.    Licensing of providers.  A claim against a 
 municipality based on the failure of a provider to meet the 
 standards needed for a license to operate a day care facility 
 under chapter 245A for children, unless the municipality had 
 actual knowledge of a failure to meet licensing standards that 
 resulted in a dangerous condition that foreseeably threatened 
 the plaintiff. 

    Subd. 6e.    Parks and recreation areas.  Any claim 
 based upon the construction, operation, or maintenance of any 
 property owned or leased by the municipality that is intended or 
 permitted to be used as a park, as an open area for recreational 
 purposes, or for the provision of recreational services, or from 
 any claim based on the clearing of land, removal of refuse, and 
 creation of trails or paths without artificial surfaces, if the 
 claim arises from a loss incurred by a user of park and 
 recreation property or services.  Nothing in this subdivision 
 limits the liability of a municipality for conduct that would 
 entitle a trespasser to damages against a private person. 

    Subd. 6f.    Beach or pool equipment.  (a) Subject to 
 paragraphs (b) and (c), any claim based upon an injury arising 
 out of the use by any person of a diving board, diving platform, 
 diving raft, water slide, nonwater slide, or dock installed at a 
 beach or swimming pool owned, leased, or operated by a 
 municipality other than a school district, if the injury 
 occurred when the beach or swimming pool was closed as indicated 
 by a sign posted at the beach or pool. 

    (b) A municipality has a duty to use reasonable care to 
 warn trespassers of any danger or risk involved with the use of 
 beach or pool equipment described in paragraph (a) if the 
 municipality: 

    (1) knows or has reason to know that trespassers regularly 
 use certain portions of the beach or pool equipment; 

    (2) installs, operates, or maintains the equipment in a way 
 known as likely to cause death or serious bodily harm; and 

    (3) has reason to believe trespassers would not discover 
 the risks involved in the use of the equipment. 

    The requirements of this paragraph do not apply if a 
 trespasser knows or has reason to know of the condition of the 
 equipment and the risk involved in its use. 

    (c) Nothing in this subdivision limits the liability of a 
 municipality for conduct that would entitle trespassing children 
 to damages against a private person. 

    Subd. 7.    Other immunity.  Any claim against a 
 municipality as to which the municipality is immune from 
 liability by the provisions of any other statute. 

    Subd. 8.    Other than property, personal injury, death. 
  Any claim for a loss other than injury to or loss of property 
 or personal injury or death. 

    Subd. 9.    Welfare benefits; exceptions.  Any claim for 
 a loss of benefits or compensation due under a program of public 
 assistance or public welfare, except where municipal 
 compensation for loss is expressly required by federal law in 
 order for the municipality to receive federal grants-in-aid. 

    Subd. 10.    Municipal authorization standard not met.  
 Any claim for a loss based on the failure of any person to meet 
 the standards needed for a license, permit, or other 
 authorization issued by the municipality or its agents. 

    Subd. 11.    Usual care and treatment, hospital, 
 corrections.  Any claim for a loss based on the usual care and 
 treatment, or lack of care and treatment, of any person at a 
 municipal hospital or corrections facility where reasonable use 
 of available funds has been made to provide care. 

    Subd. 12.    Loss by municipal patient or inmate.  Any 
 claim for a loss, damage, or destruction of property of a 
 patient or inmate of a municipal institution. 

    Subd. 13.    Unimproved realty, old mines  Any claim for 
 a loss caused by the condition of unimproved real property owned 
 by a municipality, which means land that the municipality has 
 not improved, land that is owned or administered by the 
 municipality that contains idled or abandoned mine pits or 
 shafts, and appurtenances, fixtures, and attachments to land 
 that the municipality has neither affixed nor improved. 

    Subd. 14.    Arrestee's motor vehicle; care and custody. 
  Any claim for a loss for which recovery is prohibited by 
 section 169.121, subdivision 9. 

    Subd. 15.    Section 3.736-like claim.  Any claim 
 against a municipality, if the same claim would be excluded 
 under section 3.736, if brought against the state. 

    Subd. 16.    Special vehicles; exception.  Any claim 
 against a county, arising from the operation of an all-terrain 
 vehicle, as defined in section 84.92, subdivision 8, an off-road 
 vehicle, as defined in section 84.797, subdivision 7, or an 
 off-highway motorcycle on land administered by a county under 
 chapter 280, 281, or 282, except that the county is liable for 
 conduct that would entitle a trespasser to damages against a 
 private person. 

    Subd. 17.    Logging roads.  Any claim arising out of a 
 person's use of a logging road on public land that is maintained 
 exclusively to provide access to timber on the land by 
 harvesters of the timber, and is not signed or otherwise held 
 out to the public as a public highway. 

    Subd. 18.    School building security.  Any claim based 
 on injury arising out of a decision by a school or school 
 district to obtain a fire code variance for purposes of school 
 building security, if the decision was made in good faith and in 
 accordance with applicable law governing variances. 

    Subd. 19.    Emergency medical dispatch.  Any claim 
 based upon the acts or omissions of a 911 telecommunicator or 
 dispatcher, who is certified in emergency medical dispatch by a 
 program incorporating nationally recognized standards, acting in 
 good faith in providing prearrival medical instruction based 
 upon the emergency medical dispatch protocols adopted by the 
 dispatching agency. 

    Subd. 20.    Use of land held under section 473.167.  
 Any claim based on the condition, use, or maintenance of land 
 acquired and held by the municipality under section 473.167.  
 Nothing in this subdivision limits the liability of a 
 municipality for conduct that would entitle a trespasser to 
 damages against a private person. 

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 3; 1975 c 359 s 23; 1982 c 423 s 13; 1983 c 
 362 s 1; 1985 c 248 s 70; 1Sp1985 c 13 s 346; 1986 c 395 s 14; 
 1986 c 455 s 65-74; 1988 c 530 s 9,10; 1989 c 331 s 24; 1991 c 
 162 s 1; 1991 c 313 s 2; 1993 c 311 art 1 s 15; art 2 s 15; 1995 
 c 226 art 3 s 46; 1997 c 7 art 1 s 141; 1999 c 108 s 1; 1999 c 
 188 s 1; 1999 c 230 s 36 

     466.04 Maximum liability. 

    Subdivision 1.    Limits; punitive damages.  (a) 
 Liability of any municipality on any claim within the scope of 
 sections 466.01 to 466.15 shall not exceed:  

    (1) $300,000 when the claim is one for death by wrongful 
 act or omission and $300,000 to any claimant in any other case; 

    (2) $750,000 for any number of claims arising out of a 
 single occurrence, for claims arising on or after January 1, 
 1998, and before January 1, 2000; 

    (3) $1,000,000 for any number of claims arising out of a 
 single occurrence, for claims arising on or after January 1, 
 2000; or 

    (4) twice the limits provided in clauses (1) to (3) when 
 the claim arises out of the release or threatened release of a 
 hazardous substance, whether the claim is brought under sections 
 115B.01 to 115B.15 or under any other law.  

    (b) No award for damages on any such claim shall include 
 punitive damages. 

    Subd. 1a.    Officers and employees.  The liability of 
 an officer or an employee of any municipality for a tort arising 
 out of an alleged act or omission occurring in the performance 
 of duty shall not exceed the limits set forth in subdivision 1, 
 unless the officer or employee provides professional services 
 and also is employed in the profession for compensation by a 
 person or persons other than the municipality. 

    Subd. 1b.    Total claim.  The total liability of the 
 municipality on a claim against it and against its officers or 
 employees arising out of a single occurrence shall not exceed 
 the limits set forth in subdivision 1. 

    Subd. 2.    Inclusions.  The limitation imposed by this 
 section on individual claimants includes damages claimed for 
 loss of services or loss of support arising out of the same tort.

    Subd. 3.    Disposition of multiple claims.  Where the 
 amount awarded to or settled upon multiple claimants exceeds the 
 applicable limit under subdivision 1, paragraph (a), clauses (2) 
 to (4), any party may apply to any district court to apportion 
 to each claimant a proper share of the total amount limited by 
 subdivision 1.  The share apportioned each claimant shall be in 
 the proportion that the ratio of the award or settlement made to 
 each bears to the aggregate awards and settlements for all 
 claims arising out of the occurrence. 

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 4; 1976 c 264 s 1-3; 1983 c 121 s 28; 1983 
 c 331 s 2,3; 1986 c 444; 1989 c 325 s 50; 1997 c 210 s 3,4 

     466.05 Notice of claim. 

    Subdivision 1.    Notice required.  Except as provided 
 in subdivision 2, every person, whether plaintiff, defendant or 
 third party plaintiff or defendant, who claims damages from any 
 municipality or municipal employee acting within the scope of 
 employment for or on account of any loss or injury within the 
 scope of section 466.02 shall cause to be presented to the 
 governing body of the municipality within 180 days after the 
 alleged loss or injury is discovered a notice stating the time, 
 place and circumstances thereof, the names of the municipal 
 employees known to be involved, and the amount of compensation 
 or other relief demanded.  Actual notice of sufficient facts to 
 reasonably put the governing body of the municipality or its 
 insurer on notice of a possible claim shall be construed to 
 comply with the notice requirements of this section.  Failure to 
 state the amount of compensation or other relief demanded does 
 not invalidate the notice; but in such case, the claimant shall 
 furnish full information regarding the nature and extent of the 
 injuries and damages within 15 days after demand by the 
 municipality.  The time for giving such notice does not include 
 the time, during which the person injured is incapacitated by 
 the injury from giving the notice. 

    Subd. 2.    Claims for wrongful death; notice.  When the 
 claim is one for death by wrongful act or omission, the notice 
 may be presented by the personal representative, surviving 
 spouse, or next of kin, or the consular officer of the foreign 
 country of which the deceased was a citizen, within one year 
 after the alleged injury or loss resulting in such death; if the 
 person for whose death the claim is made has presented a notice 
 that would have been sufficient had the person lived an action 
 for wrongful death may be brought without any additional notice. 

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 5; 1974 c 311 s 1; 1976 c 264 s 4,5; 1986 c 
 444; 1986 c 455 s 75; 1991 c 199 art 1 s 74 

     466.06 Liability insurance. 

    The governing body of any municipality may procure 
 insurance against liability of the municipality and its 
 officers, employees, and agents for damages, including punitive 
 damages, resulting from its torts and those of its officers, 
 employees, and agents, including torts specified in section 
 466.03 for which the municipality is immune from liability.  The 
 insurance may provide protection in excess of the limit of 
 liability imposed by section 466.04.  If a municipality other 
 than a school district has the authority to levy taxes, the 
 premium costs for such insurance may be levied in excess of any 
 per capita or local tax rate tax limitation imposed by statute 
 or charter.  Any independent board or commission in the 
 municipality having authority to disburse funds for a particular 
 municipal function without approval of the governing body may 
 similarly procure liability insurance with respect to the field 
 of its operation.  The procurement of such insurance constitutes 
 a waiver of the limits of governmental liability under section 
 466.04 only to the extent that valid and collectible insurance, 
 including where applicable, proceeds from the Minnesota 
 Guarantee Fund, exceeds those limits and covers the claim.  The 
 purchase of insurance has no other effect on the liability of 
 the municipality or its employees.  Procurement of commercial 
 insurance, participation in a self-insurance pool pursuant to 
 section 471.981, or provision for an individual self-insurance 
 plan with or without a reserve fund or reinsurance shall not 
 constitute a waiver of any governmental immunities or exclusions.

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 6; 1977 c 447 art 6 s 11; 1983 c 314 art 6 
 s 30; 1984 c 463 art 6 s 12; 1987 c 79 s 1; 1987 c 260 s 1; 1987 
 c 344 s 9; 1987 c 398 art 1 s 22; 1988 c 719 art 5 s 84; 1Sp1989 
 c 1 art 2 s 11; 1992 c 513 art 4 s 44 

     466.07 Indemnification. 

    Subdivision 1.    Indemnification required.  Subject to 
 the limitations in section 466.04, a municipality or an 
 instrumentality of a municipality shall defend and indemnify any 
 of its officers and employees, whether elective or appointive, 
 for damages, including punitive damages, claimed or levied 
 against the officer or employee, provided that the officer or 
 employee: 

    (1) was acting in the performance of the duties of the 
 position; and 

    (2) was not guilty of malfeasance in office, willful 
 neglect of duty, or bad faith.  

    Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary in section 
 123B.25, paragraph (b), or 466.12, this section applies to all 
 school districts, however organized. 

    Subd. 1a. Repealed, 1987 c 79 s 3 

    Subd. 2. Repealed, 1987 c 79 s 3 

    Subd. 3.    Effect on other laws.  This section does 
 not repeal or modify Minnesota Statutes 1961, sections 471.44, 
 471.45 and 471.86.  

    Subd. 4. Repealed, 1987 c 79 s 3 

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 7; 1979 c 205 s 1; 1986 c 444; 1986 c 455 s 
 76; 1987 c 79 s 2; 1987 c 346 s 3; 1998 c 397 art 11 s 3 

     466.08 Compromise of claims. 

    Notwithstanding sections 466.03 and 466.06, the governing 
 body of any municipality, the administrator of a self-insurance 
 pool, or the authorized representative of a private insurance 
 carrier may compromise, adjust and settle tort claims against 
 the municipality for damages under section 466.02 and may, 
 subject to procedural requirements imposed by law or charter, 
 appropriate money for the payment of amounts agreed upon.  When 
 the amount of a settlement exceeds $10,000, the settlement shall 
 not be effective until approved by the district court. 

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 8; 1987 c 260 s 2; 1990 c 555 s 12 

     466.09 Payment of judgments.  

    When a judgment is entered against or a settlement is made 
 by a municipality for a claim within the scope of section 
 466.02, payment shall be made and the same remedies shall apply 
 in case of nonpayment as in the case of other judgments or 
 settlements against the municipality.  If the municipality has 
 the authority to levy taxes and the judgment or settlement is 
 unpaid at the time of the annual tax levy, the governing body 
 shall, if it finds that other funds are not available for 
 payment of the judgment, levy a tax sufficient to pay the 
 judgment or settlement and interest accruing thereon to the 
 expected time of payment.  Such tax may be levied in excess of 
 any per capita or local tax rate tax limitation imposed by 
 statute or charter.  

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 9; 1988 c 719 art 5 s 84; 1Sp1989 c 1 art 2 
 s 11 

  466.10 Repealed, 1996 c 310 s 1 

     466.101 Law enforcement costs. 

    When costs are assessed against a municipality for injuries 
 incurred or other medical expenses connected with the arrest of 
 individuals violating Minnesota Statutes, the municipality 
 responsible for the hiring, firing, training, and control of the 
 law enforcement and other employees involved in the arrest is 
 responsible for those costs. 

    HIST: 1986 c 455 s 77 

     466.11 Relation to charters and special laws.  

    Sections 466.01 to 466.15 are exclusive of and supersede 
 all home rule charter provisions and special laws on the same 
 subject heretofore and hereafter adopted.  

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 11 

     466.12 School districts and certain towns. 

    Subdivision 1.    Not applicable; exception.  Sections 
 466.01 to 466.11, except as otherwise provided for in this 
 section, do not apply to any school district, however organized, 
 or to a town not exercising the powers of a statutory city under 
 the provisions of Minnesota Statutes 1961, section 368.01, as 
 amended.  

    Subd. 2.    Pre-12/13/1962 immunity enacted, defined.  
 The doctrine of "governmental immunity from tort liability" as a 
 rule of the decisions of the courts of this state is hereby 
 enacted as a rule of statutory law applicable to all school 
 districts and towns not exercising powers of statutory cities in 
 the same manner and to the same extent as it was applied in this 
 state to school districts and such towns on and prior to 
 December 13, 1962.  

    As used in this subdivision the doctrine of "governmental 
 immunity from tort liability" means the doctrine as part of the 
 common law of England as adopted by the courts of this state as 
 a rule of law exempting from tort liability school districts and 
 towns not exercising the powers of statutory cities regardless 
 of whether they are engaged in either governmental or 
 proprietary activities, subject however, to such modifications 
 thereof made by statutory enactments heretofore enacted, and 
 subject to the other provisions of this section.  

    Subd. 3.    Towns may insure, be liable.  A town not 
 exercising the powers of a statutory city may procure insurance 
 as provided for in section 466.06, and if a town not exercising 
 the powers of a statutory city procures such insurance it shall 
 otherwise be subject to all the terms and provisions of sections 
 466.02 to 466.09 to the extent of the liability coverage 
 afforded.  Cancellation or expiration of any liability policy 
 shall restore immunity as herein provided as of the date of such 
 cancellation or expiration. 

    Subd. 3a.    Schools shall insure, be liable; conditions. 
  A school district shall procure insurance as provided in 
 section 466.06, meeting the requirements of section 466.04, if 
 it is able to obtain insurance and the cost thereof does not 
 exceed $1.50 per pupil per year for the average number of 
 pupils.  If, after a good faith attempt to procure such 
 insurance, a school district is unable to do so, and the 
 commissioner of insurance certifies that such insurance is 
 unobtainable, it shall be subject to the provisions of 
 subdivisions 1 and 2.  If the school district fails to make a 
 good faith attempt to procure such insurance and the 
 commissioner of insurance does not certify that such insurance 
 is unobtainable, then in that event section 466.12 shall not 
 apply to such a school district and it shall be subject to all 
 of the other applicable provisions of chapter 466.  

    Subd. 4. Repealed, 1996 c 310 s 1 

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 12; 1965 c 748 s 1; 1969 c 826 s 1-3; 1973 
 c 123 art 5 s 7; 1974 c 472 s 1 

  466.13 Expired 

     466.131 Indemnification by state. 

    Until July 1, 1987, a municipality is an employee of the 
 state for purposes of the indemnification provisions of section 
 3.736, subdivision 9, when the municipality is required by the 
 Public Welfare Licensing Act and rules promulgated under it to 
 inspect or investigate a provider.  After July 1, 1987, a 
 municipality is an employee of the state for purposes of the 
 indemnification provisions of section 3.736, subdivision 9, when 
 the municipality is required by sections 245A.01 to 245A.16, the 
 Human Services Licensing Act, and rules adopted under it to 
 inspect or investigate a provider, and the municipality has been 
 duly certified under standards for certification developed by 
 the commissioner of human services. 

    HIST: 1986 c 395 s 15; 1992 c 464 art 1 s 45 

     466.132 Indemnification by state. 

    Municipalities, when performing, as required or mandated by 
 state law, inspections or investigations of persons prior to the 
 issuance of state licenses, are employees of the state for 
 purposes of the indemnification provisions of section 3.736, 
 subdivision 9.  A municipality is not, however, an employee of 
 the state for purposes of this section if in hiring, 
 supervising, or continuing to employ the person performing an 
 inspection or investigation for the municipality, the 
 municipality was clearly negligent.  In no event shall the state 
 be obligated to defend or indemnify a municipality for 
 inspections or investigations relating to licensing to the 
 extent of insurance purchased by the municipality covering 
 liability therefor.  The municipality's right to indemnity shall 
 not be considered a waiver of the limitations, defenses, and 
 immunities available to the municipality and state by law. 

    HIST: 1986 c 455 s 90; 1988 c 411 s 8 

  466.14 Expired 

     466.15 Civil Damages Act, application.  

    Sections 466.01 to 466.15 do not modify section 340A.801.  

    HIST: 1963 c 798 s 15; 1985 c 305 art 12 s 5; 1Sp1985 c 16 art 
 2 s 26;