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Chapter 152

Section 152.02

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152.02 Schedules of controlled substances; administration of chapter.

Subdivision 1. Five schedules. There are established five schedules of controlled substances, to be known as Schedules I, II, III, IV, and V. Such schedules shall initially consist of the substances listed in this section by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or trade name designated.

Subd. 2. Schedule I. The following items are listed in Schedule I:

(1) Any of the following substances, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation: Acetylmethadol; Allylprodine; Alphacetylmethadol; Alphameprodine; Alphamethadol; Benzethidine; Betacetylmethadol; Betameprodine; Betamethadol; Betaprodine; Clonitazene; Dextromoramide; Dextrorphan; Diampromide; Diethyliambutene; Dimenoxadol; Dimepheptanol; Dimethyliambutene; Dioxaphetyl butyrate; Dipipanone; Ethylmethylthiambutene; Etonitazene; Etoxeridine; Furethidine; Hydroxypethidine; Ketobemidone; Levomoramide; Levophenacylmorphan; Morpheridine; Noracymethadol; Norlevorphanol; Normethadone; Norpipanone; Phenadoxone; Phenampromide; Phenomorphan; Phenoperidine; Piritramide; Proheptazine; Properidine; Racemoramide; Trimeperidine.

(2) Any of the following opium derivatives, their salts, isomers and salts of isomers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of such salts, isomers and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: Acetorphine; Acetyldihydrocodeine; Acetylcodone; Benzylmorphine; Codeine methylbromide; Codeine-N-Oxide; Cyprenorphine; Desomorphine; Dihydromorphine; Etorphine; Heroin; Hydromorphinol; Methyldesorphine; Methylhydromorphine; Morphine methylbromide; Morphine methylsulfonate; Morphine-N-Oxide; Myrophine; Nicocodeine; Nicomorphine; Normorphine; Pholcodine; Thebacon.

(3) Any material, compound, mixture or preparation which contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances, their salts, isomers and salts of isomers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation: 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine; 4-bromo-2.5-dimethoxyamphetamine; 2.5-dimethoxyamphetamine; 4-methoxyamphetamine; 5-methoxy-3, 4-methylenedioxy amphetamine; Bufotenine; Diethyltryptamine; Dimethyltryptamine; 3,4,5-trimethoxy amphetamine; 4-methyl-2, 5-dimethoxyamphetamine; Ibogaine; Lysergic acid diethylamide; marijuana; Mescaline; N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate; N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate; Psilocybin; Psilocyn; Tetrahydrocannabinols; 1-(1-(2-thienyl) cyclohexyl) piperidine; n-ethyl-1-phenyl-cyclohexylamine; 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) pyrrolidine.

(4) Peyote, providing the listing of peyote as a controlled substance in schedule I does not apply to the nondrug use of peyote in bona fide religious ceremonies of the American Indian Church, and members of the American Indian Church are exempt from registration. Any person who manufactures peyote for or distributes peyote to the American Indian Church, however, is required to obtain federal registration annually and to comply with all other requirements of law.

(5) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:

Mecloqualone;

Flunitrazepam.

(6) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:

Cathinone;

Methcathinone.

Subd. 3. Schedule II. The following items are listed in Schedule II:

(1) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following substances whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis:

(a) Opium and opiate, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium or opiate, including the following: raw opium, opium extracts, opium fluid extracts, powdered opium, granulated opium, tincture of opium, apomorphine, codeine, ethylmorphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, metopon, morphine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, thebaine.

(b) Any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation thereof which is chemically equivalent or identical with any of the substances referred to in clause (a), except that these substances shall not include the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium.

(c) Opium poppy and poppy straw.

(d) Coca leaves and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of coca leaves, including cocaine and ecgonine, the salts and isomers of cocaine and ecgonine, and the salts of their isomers.

(e) Any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation thereof which is chemically equivalent or identical with any of the substances referred to in clause (d), except that the substances shall not include decocainized coca leaves or extraction of coca leaves, which extractions do not contain cocaine or ecgonine.

(2) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters and ethers, unless specifically excepted, or unless listed in another schedule, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation: Alfentanil; Alphaprodine; Anileridine; Bezitramide; Dihydrocodeine; Dihydromorphinone; Diphenoxylate; Fentanyl; Isomethadone; Levomethorphan; Levorphanol; Metazocine; Methadone; Methadone - Intermediate, 4-cyano-2-dimethylamino-4, 4-diphenylbutane; Moramide - Intermediate, 2-methyl-3-morpholino-1, 1-diphenyl-propane-carboxylic acid; Pethidine; Pethidine - Intermediate - A, 4-cyano-1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine; Pethidine - Intermediate - B, ethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate; Pethidine - Intermediate - C, 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid; Phenazocine; Piminodine; Racemethorphan; Racemorphan.

(3) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system:

(a) Amphetamine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of its optical isomers;

(b) Methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, and salts of its isomers;

(c) Phenmetrazine and its salts;

(d) Methylphenidate.

(4) Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:

(a) Methaqualone

(b) Amobarbital

(c) Secobarbital

(d) Pentobarbital

(e) Phencyclidine

(f) Phencyclidine immediate precursors:

(i) 1-phenylcyclohexylamine

(ii) 1-piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile.

Subd. 4. Schedule III. The following items are listed in Schedule III:

(1) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of Amphetamine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of its optical isomers; Phenmetrazine and its salts; Methamphetamine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers; Methylphenidate; and which is required by federal law to be labeled with the symbol prescribed by 21 Code of Federal Regulations Section 1302.03 and in effect on February 1, 1976 designating that the drug is listed as a Schedule III controlled substance under federal law.

(2) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a potential for abuse associated with a depressant effect on the central nervous system:

(a) Any compound, mixture, or preparation containing amobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital or any salt thereof and one or more other active medicinal ingredients which are not listed in any schedule.

(b) Any suppository dosage form containing amobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital, or any salt of any of these drugs and approved by the food and drug administration for marketing only as a suppository.

(c) Any substance which contains any quantity of a derivative of barbituric acid, or any salt of a derivative of barbituric acid, except those substances which are specifically listed in other schedules: Chlorhexadol; Glutethimide; Lysergic acid; Lysergic acid amide; Methyprylon; Sulfondiethylmethane; Sulfonethylmethane; Sulfonmethane.

(d) Gamma hydroxybutyrate, any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of gamma hydroxybutyrate, including any isomers, esters, and ethers and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers of gamma hydroxybutyrate whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation.

(3) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a potential for abuse associated with a stimulant effect on the central nervous system:

(a) Benzphetamine

(b) Chlorphentermine

(c) Clortermine

(d) Mazindol

(e) Phendimetrazine.

(4) Nalorphine.

(5) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing limited quantities of any of the following narcotic drugs, or any salts thereof:

(a) Not more than 1.80 grams of codeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with an equal or greater quantity of an isoquinoline alkaloid of opium.

(b) Not more than 1.80 grams of codeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.

(c) Not more than 300 milligrams of dihydrocodeinone per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with a fourfold or greater quantity of an isoquinoline alkaloid of opium.

(d) Not more than 300 milligrams of dihydrocodeinone per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.

(e) Not more than 1.80 grams of dihydrocodeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.

(f) Not more than 300 milligrams of ethylmorphine per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.

(g) Not more than 500 milligrams of opium per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams, or not more than 25 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.

(h) Not more than 50 milligrams of morphine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.

Subd. 5. Schedule IV. (a) The following items are listed in Schedule IV: Anabolic substances; Barbital; Butorphanol; Carisoprodol; Chloral betaine; Chloral hydrate; Chlordiazepoxide; Clonazepam; Clorazepate; Diazepam; Diethylpropion; Ethchlorvynol; Ethinamate; Fenfluramine; Flurazepam; Mebutamate; Methohexital; Meprobamate except when in combination with the following drugs in the following or lower concentrations: conjugated estrogens, 0.4 mg; tridihexethyl chloride, 25mg; pentaerythritol tetranitrate, 20 mg; Methylphenobarbital; Oxazepam; Paraldehyde; Pemoline; Petrichloral; Phenobarbital; and Phentermine.

(b) For purposes of this subdivision, "anabolic substances" means the naturally occurring androgens or derivatives of androstane (androsterone and testosterone); testosterone and its esters, including, but not limited to, testosterone propionate, and its derivatives, including, but not limited to, methyltestosterone and growth hormones, except that anabolic substances are not included if they are: (1) expressly intended for administration through implants to cattle or other nonhuman species; and (2) approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for that use.

Subd. 6. Schedule V. The following items are listed in Schedule V: Any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following limited quantities of narcotic drugs, which shall include one or more nonnarcotic active medicinal ingredients in sufficient proportion to confer upon the compound, mixture or preparation valuable medicinal qualities other than those possessed by the narcotic drug alone;

(1) Not more than 100 milligrams of dihydrocodeine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams.

(2) Not more than 100 milligrams of ethylmorphine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams.

(3) Not more than 2.5 milligrams of diphenoxylate and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit.

(4) Not more than 15 milligrams of anhydrous morphine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams.

Subd. 7. Board of pharmacy; regulation of substances. The board of pharmacy is authorized to regulate and define additional substances which contain quantities of a substance possessing abuse potential in accordance with the following criteria:

(1) The board of pharmacy shall place a substance in Schedule I if it finds that the substance has: A high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.

(2) The board of pharmacy shall place a substance in Schedule II if it finds that the substance has: A high potential for abuse, currently accepted medical use in the United States, or currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions, and that abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.

(3) The board of pharmacy shall place a substance in Schedule III if it finds that the substance has: A potential for abuse less than the substances listed in Schedules I and II, currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and that abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.

(4) The board of pharmacy shall place a substance in Schedule IV if it finds that the substance has: A low potential for abuse relative to the substances in Schedule III, currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and that abuse may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the substances in Schedule III.

(5) The board of pharmacy shall place a substance in Schedule V if it finds that the substance has: A low potential for abuse relative to the substances listed in Schedule IV, currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and limited physical dependence and/or psychological dependence liability relative to the substances listed in Schedule IV.

Subd. 8. Add, delete, or reschedule substances. The state board of pharmacy may, by rule, add substances to or delete or reschedule substances listed in this section. The state board of pharmacy, after consulting with the advisory council on controlled substances, shall annually, on or before May 1 of each year, conduct a review of the placement of controlled substances in the various schedules.

In making a determination regarding a substance, the board of pharmacy shall consider the following: The actual or relative potential for abuse, the scientific evidence of its pharmacological effect, if known, the state of current scientific knowledge regarding the substance, the history and current pattern of abuse, the scope, duration, and significance of abuse, the risk to public health, the potential of the substance to produce psychic or physiological dependence liability, and whether the substance is an immediate precursor of a substance already controlled under this section. The state board of pharmacy may include any nonnarcotic drug authorized by federal law for medicinal use in a schedule only if such drug must, under either federal or state law or rule, be sold only on prescription.

Subd. 9. Except substances by rule. The state board of pharmacy may by rule except any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any stimulant or depressant substance listed in subdivision 4, clauses (1) and (2) or in subdivisions 5 and 6 from the application of all or any part of this chapter, if the compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having a stimulant or depressant effect on the central nervous system; provided, that such admixtures shall be included therein in such combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration as to vitiate the potential for abuse of the substances which do have a stimulant or depressant effect on the central nervous system.

Subd. 10. Dextromethorphan. Dextromethorphan shall not be deemed to be included in any schedule by reason of the enactment of Laws 1971, chapter 937, unless controlled pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this section.

Subd. 11. Repealed, 1993 c 337 s 20

Subd. 12. Coordination of controlled substance regulation with federal law. If any substance is designated, rescheduled, or deleted as a controlled substance under federal law and notice thereof is given to the state board of pharmacy, the state board of pharmacy shall similarly control the substance under this chapter, after the expiration of 30 days from publication in the Federal Register of a final order designating a substance as a controlled substance or rescheduling or deleting a substance. Such order shall be filed with the secretary of state. If within that 30-day period, the state board of pharmacy objects to inclusion, rescheduling, or deletion, it shall publish the reasons for objection and afford all interested parties an opportunity to be heard. At the conclusion of the hearing, the state board of pharmacy shall publish its decision, which shall be subject to the provisions of chapter 14.

In exercising the authority granted by this chapter, the state board of pharmacy shall be subject to the provisions of chapter 14. The state board of pharmacy shall provide copies of any proposed rule under this chapter to the advisory council on controlled substances at least 30 days prior to any hearing required by section 14.14, subdivision 1. The state board of pharmacy shall consider the recommendations of the advisory council on controlled substances, which may be made prior to or at the hearing.

Subd. 13. Implementation study. Annually, the state board of pharmacy shall study the implementation of this chapter in relation to the problems of drug abuse in Minnesota.

HIST: 1971 c 937 s 12; 1973 c 693 s 2-4; 1976 c 338 s 1-4; 1979 c 157 s 2-4; 1979 c 243 s 2; 1982 c 424 s 130; 1983 c 260 s 39,40; 1985 c 248 s 70; 1987 c 14 s 1; 1987 c 298 s 2; 1987 c 384 art 2 s 40; 1989 c 230 s 1; 1994 c 465 art 1 s 20-22; 1996 c 408 art 11 s 2; 1997 c 7 art 2 s 21; 1997 c 187 art 5 s 21; 1997 c 239 art 4 s 3,4; 1999 c 163 s 1

* NOTE: The amendment to subdivision 5 by Laws 1997, chapter *239, article 4, section 4, relating to the listing of *carisoprodol in schedule IV is effective August 1, 1999, and *applies to acts committed on or after that date. Laws 1997, *chapter 239, article 4, section 15, as amended by Laws 1998, *chapter 367, article 4, section 7.

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Revisor of Statutes