256B.0913 Alternative care program.
Subdivision 1. Purpose and goals. The purpose of the alternative care program is to provide funding for home and community-based services for elderly persons, in order to limit nursing facility placements. The program is designed to support elderly persons in their desire to remain in the community as independently and as long as possible and to support informal caregivers in their efforts to provide care for elderly people. Further, the goals of the program are:
(1) to contain medical assistance expenditures by funding care in the community; and
(2) to maintain the moratorium on new construction of nursing home beds.
Subd. 2. Eligibility for services. Alternative care services are available to Minnesotans age 65 or older who are not eligible for medical assistance without a spenddown or waiver obligation but who would be eligible for medical assistance within 180 days of admission to a nursing facility and subject to subdivisions 4 to 13.
Subd. 3. Repealed, 1Sp2001 c 9 art 4 s 34
Subd. 4. Eligibility for funding for services for nonmedical assistance recipients. (a) Funding for services under the alternative care program is available to persons who meet the following criteria:
(1) the person has been determined by a community assessment under section 256B.0911 to be a person who would require the level of care provided in a nursing facility, but for the provision of services under the alternative care program;
(2) the person is age 65 or older;
(3) the person would be eligible for medical assistance within 180 days of admission to a nursing facility;
(4) the person is not ineligible for the medical assistance program due to an asset transfer penalty;
(5) the person needs services that are not funded through other state or federal funding; and
(6) the monthly cost of the alternative care services funded by the program for this person does not exceed 75 percent of the statewide weighted average monthly nursing facility rate of the case mix resident class to which the individual alternative care client would be assigned under Minnesota Rules, parts 9549.0050 to 9549.0059, less the recipient's maintenance needs allowance as described in section 256B.0915, subdivision 1d, paragraph (a), until the first day of the state fiscal year in which the resident assessment system, under section 256B.437, for nursing home rate determination is implemented. Effective on the first day of the state fiscal year in which a resident assessment system, under section 256B.437, for nursing home rate determination is implemented and the first day of each subsequent state fiscal year, the monthly cost of alternative care services for this person shall not exceed the alternative care monthly cap for the case mix resident class to which the alternative care client would be assigned under Minnesota Rules, parts 9549.0050 to 9549.0059, which was in effect on the last day of the previous state fiscal year, and adjusted by the greater of any legislatively adopted home and community-based services cost-of-living percentage increase or any legislatively adopted statewide percent rate increase for nursing facilities. This monthly limit does not prohibit the alternative care client from payment for additional services, but in no case may the cost of additional services purchased under this section exceed the difference between the client's monthly service limit defined under section 256B.0915, subdivision 3, and the alternative care program monthly service limit defined in this paragraph. If medical supplies and equipment or environmental modifications are or will be purchased for an alternative care services recipient, the costs may be prorated on a monthly basis for up to 12 consecutive months beginning with the month of purchase. If the monthly cost of a recipient's other alternative care services exceeds the monthly limit established in this paragraph, the annual cost of the alternative care services shall be determined. In this event, the annual cost of alternative care services shall not exceed 12 times the monthly limit described in this paragraph.
(b) Alternative care funding under this subdivision is not available for a person who is a medical assistance recipient or who would be eligible for medical assistance without a spenddown or waiver obligation. A person whose initial application for medical assistance is being processed may be served under the alternative care program for a period up to 60 days. If the individual is found to be eligible for medical assistance, medical assistance must be billed for services payable under the federally approved elderly waiver plan and delivered from the date the individual was found eligible for the federally approved elderly waiver plan. Notwithstanding this provision, upon federal approval, alternative care funds may not be used to pay for any service the cost of which is payable by medical assistance or which is used by a recipient to meet a medical assistance income spenddown or waiver obligation.
(c) Alternative care funding is not available for a person who resides in a licensed nursing home, certified boarding care home, hospital, or intermediate care facility, except for case management services which are provided in support of the discharge planning process to a nursing home resident or certified boarding care home resident who is ineligible for case management funded by medical assistance.
Subd. 5. Services covered under alternative care. (a) Alternative care funding may be used for payment of costs of:
(1) adult foster care;
(2) adult day care;
(3) home health aide;
(4) homemaker services;
(5) personal care;
(6) case management;
(7) respite care;
(8) assisted living;
(9) residential care services;
(10) care-related supplies and equipment;
(11) meals delivered to the home;
(12) transportation;
(13) skilled nursing;
(14) chore services;
(15) companion services;
(16) nutrition services;
(17) training for direct informal caregivers;
(18) telemedicine devices to monitor recipients in their own homes as an alternative to hospital care, nursing home care, or home visits;
(19) other services which includes discretionary funds and direct cash payments to clients, following approval by the commissioner, subject to the provisions of paragraph (j). Total annual payments for "other services" for all clients within a county may not exceed either ten percent of that county's annual alternative care program base allocation or $5,000, whichever is greater. In no case shall this amount exceed the county's total annual alternative care program base allocation; and
(20) environmental modifications.
(b) The county agency must ensure that the funds are not used to supplant services available through other public assistance or services programs.
(c) Unless specified in statute, the service definitions and standards for alternative care services shall be the same as the service definitions and standards specified in the federally approved elderly waiver plan. Except for the county agencies' approval of direct cash payments to clients as described in paragraph (j) or for a provider of supplies and equipment when the monthly cost of the supplies and equipment is less than $250, persons or agencies must be employed by or under a contract with the county agency or the public health nursing agency of the local board of health in order to receive funding under the alternative care program. Supplies and equipment may be purchased from a vendor not certified to participate in the Medicaid program if the cost for the item is less than that of a Medicaid vendor.
(d) The adult foster care rate shall be considered a difficulty of care payment and shall not include room and board. The adult foster care rate shall be negotiated between the county agency and the foster care provider. The alternative care payment for the foster care service in combination with the payment for other alternative care services, including case management, must not exceed the limit specified in subdivision 4, paragraph (a), clause (6).
(e) Personal care services must meet the service standards defined in the federally approved elderly waiver plan, except that a county agency may contract with a client's relative who meets the relative hardship waiver requirement as defined in section 256B.0627, subdivision 4, paragraph (b), clause (10), to provide personal care services if the county agency ensures supervision of this service by a registered nurse or mental health practitioner.
(f) For purposes of this section, residential care services are services which are provided to individuals living in residential care homes. Residential care homes are currently licensed as board and lodging establishments and are registered with the department of health as providing special services under section 157.17 and are not subject to registration under chapter 144D. Residential care services are defined as "supportive services" and "health-related services." "Supportive services" means the provision of up to 24-hour supervision and oversight. Supportive services includes: (1) transportation, when provided by the residential care home only; (2) socialization, when socialization is part of the plan of care, has specific goals and outcomes established, and is not diversional or recreational in nature; (3) assisting clients in setting up meetings and appointments; (4) assisting clients in setting up medical and social services; (5) providing assistance with personal laundry, such as carrying the client's laundry to the laundry room. Assistance with personal laundry does not include any laundry, such as bed linen, that is included in the room and board rate. "Health-related services" are limited to minimal assistance with dressing, grooming, and bathing and providing reminders to residents to take medications that are self-administered or providing storage for medications, if requested. Individuals receiving residential care services cannot receive homemaking services funded under this section.
(g) For the purposes of this section, "assisted living" refers to supportive services provided by a single vendor to clients who reside in the same apartment building of three or more units which are not subject to registration under chapter 144D and are licensed by the department of health as a class A home care provider or a class E home care provider. Assisted living services are defined as up to 24-hour supervision, and oversight, supportive services as defined in clause (1), individualized home care aide tasks as defined in clause (2), and individualized home management tasks as defined in clause (3) provided to residents of a residential center living in their units or apartments with a full kitchen and bathroom. A full kitchen includes a stove, oven, refrigerator, food preparation counter space, and a kitchen utensil storage compartment. Assisted living services must be provided by the management of the residential center or by providers under contract with the management or with the county.
(1) Supportive services include:
(i) socialization, when socialization is part of the plan of care, has specific goals and outcomes established, and is not diversional or recreational in nature;
(ii) assisting clients in setting up meetings and appointments; and
(iii) providing transportation, when provided by the residential center only.
(2) Home care aide tasks means:
(i) preparing modified diets, such as diabetic or low sodium diets;
(ii) reminding residents to take regularly scheduled medications or to perform exercises;
(iii) household chores in the presence of technically sophisticated medical equipment or episodes of acute illness or infectious disease;
(iv) household chores when the resident's care requires the prevention of exposure to infectious disease or containment of infectious disease; and
(v) assisting with dressing, oral hygiene, hair care, grooming, and bathing, if the resident is ambulatory, and if the resident has no serious acute illness or infectious disease. Oral hygiene means care of teeth, gums, and oral prosthetic devices.
(3) Home management tasks means:
(i) housekeeping;
(ii) laundry;
(iii) preparation of regular snacks and meals; and
(iv) shopping.
Individuals receiving assisted living services shall not receive both assisted living services and homemaking services. Individualized means services are chosen and designed specifically for each resident's needs, rather than provided or offered to all residents regardless of their illnesses, disabilities, or physical conditions. Assisted living services as defined in this section shall not be authorized in boarding and lodging establishments licensed according to sections 157.011 and 157.15 to 157.22.
(h) For establishments registered under chapter 144D, assisted living services under this section means either the services described in paragraph (g) and delivered by a class E home care provider licensed by the department of health or the services described under section 144A.4605 and delivered by an assisted living home care provider or a class A home care provider licensed by the commissioner of health.
(i) Payment for assisted living services and residential care services shall be a monthly rate negotiated and authorized by the county agency based on an individualized service plan for each resident and may not cover direct rent or food costs.
(1) The individualized monthly negotiated payment for assisted living services as described in paragraph (g) or (h), and residential care services as described in paragraph (f), shall not exceed the nonfederal share in effect on July 1 of the state fiscal year for which the rate limit is being calculated of the greater of either the statewide or any of the geographic groups' weighted average monthly nursing facility payment rate of the case mix resident class to which the alternative care eligible client would be assigned under Minnesota Rules, parts 9549.0050 to 9549.0059, less the maintenance needs allowance as described in section 256B.0915, subdivision 1d, paragraph (a), until the first day of the state fiscal year in which a resident assessment system, under section 256B.437, of nursing home rate determination is implemented. Effective on the first day of the state fiscal year in which a resident assessment system, under section 256B.437, of nursing home rate determination is implemented and the first day of each subsequent state fiscal year, the individualized monthly negotiated payment for the services described in this clause shall not exceed the limit described in this clause which was in effect on the last day of the previous state fiscal year and which has been adjusted by the greater of any legislatively adopted home and community-based services cost-of-living percentage increase or any legislatively adopted statewide percent rate increase for nursing facilities.
(2) The individualized monthly negotiated payment for assisted living services described under section 144A.4605 and delivered by a provider licensed by the department of health as a class A home care provider or an assisted living home care provider and provided in a building that is registered as a housing with services establishment under chapter 144D and that provides 24-hour supervision in combination with the payment for other alternative care services, including case management, must not exceed the limit specified in subdivision 4, paragraph (a), clause (6).
(j) A county agency may make payment from their alternative care program allocation for "other services" which include use of "discretionary funds" for services that are not otherwise defined in this section and direct cash payments to the client for the purpose of purchasing the services. The following provisions apply to payments under this paragraph:
(1) a cash payment to a client under this provision cannot exceed 80 percent of the monthly payment limit for that client as specified in subdivision 4, paragraph (a), clause (6);
(2) a county may not approve any cash payment for a client who meets either of the following:
(i) has been assessed as having a dependency in orientation, unless the client has an authorized representative. An "authorized representative" means an individual who is at least 18 years of age and is designated by the person or the person's legal representative to act on the person's behalf. This individual may be a family member, guardian, representative payee, or other individual designated by the person or the person's legal representative, if any, to assist in purchasing and arranging for supports; or
(ii) is concurrently receiving adult foster care, residential care, or assisted living services;
(3) cash payments to a person or a person's family will be provided through a monthly payment and be in the form of cash, voucher, or direct county payment to a vendor. Fees or premiums assessed to the person for eligibility for health and human services are not reimbursable through this service option. Services and goods purchased through cash payments must be identified in the person's individualized care plan and must meet all of the following criteria:
(i) they must be over and above the normal cost of caring for the person if the person did not have functional limitations;
(ii) they must be directly attributable to the person's functional limitations;
(iii) they must have the potential to be effective at meeting the goals of the program;
(iv) they must be consistent with the needs identified in the individualized service plan. The service plan shall specify the needs of the person and family, the form and amount of payment, the items and services to be reimbursed, and the arrangements for management of the individual grant; and
(v) the person, the person's family, or the legal representative shall be provided sufficient information to ensure an informed choice of alternatives. The local agency shall document this information in the person's care plan, including the type and level of expenditures to be reimbursed;
(4) the county, lead agency under contract, or tribal government under contract to administer the alternative care program shall not be liable for damages, injuries, or liabilities sustained through the purchase of direct supports or goods by the person, the person's family, or the authorized representative with funds received through the cash payments under this section. Liabilities include, but are not limited to, workers' compensation, the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA), or the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA);
(5) persons receiving grants under this section shall have the following responsibilities:
(i) spend the grant money in a manner consistent with their individualized service plan with the local agency;
(ii) notify the local agency of any necessary changes in the grant expenditures;
(iii) arrange and pay for supports; and
(iv) inform the local agency of areas where they have experienced difficulty securing or maintaining supports; and
(6) the county shall report client outcomes, services, and costs under this paragraph in a manner prescribed by the commissioner.
(k) Upon implementation of direct cash payments to clients under this section, any person determined eligible for the alternative care program who chooses a cash payment approved by the county agency shall receive the cash payment under this section and not under section 256.476 unless the person was receiving a consumer support grant under section 256.476 before implementation of direct cash payments under this section.
Subd. 6. Alternative care program administration. The alternative care program is administered by the county agency. This agency is the lead agency responsible for the local administration of the alternative care program as described in this section. However, it may contract with the public health nursing service to be the lead agency. The commissioner may contract with federally recognized Indian tribes with a reservation in Minnesota to serve as the lead agency responsible for the local administration of the alternative care program as described in the contract.
Subd. 7. Case management. Providers of case management services for persons receiving services funded by the alternative care program must meet the qualification requirements and standards specified in section 256B.0915, subdivision 1b. The case manager must not approve alternative care funding for a client in any setting in which the case manager cannot reasonably ensure the client's health and safety. The case manager is responsible for the cost-effectiveness of the alternative care individual care plan and must not approve any care plan in which the cost of services funded by alternative care and client contributions exceeds the limit specified in section 256B.0915, subdivision 3, paragraph (b). The county may allow a case manager employed by the county to delegate certain aspects of the case management activity to another individual employed by the county provided there is oversight of the individual by the case manager. The case manager may not delegate those aspects which require professional judgment including assessments, reassessments, and care plan development.
Subd. 8. Requirements for individual care plan. (a) The case manager shall implement the plan of care for each alternative care client and ensure that a client's service needs and eligibility are reassessed at least every 12 months. The plan shall include any services prescribed by the individual's attending physician as necessary to allow the individual to remain in a community setting. In developing the individual's care plan, the case manager should include the use of volunteers from families and neighbors, religious organizations, social clubs, and civic and service organizations to support the formal home care services. The county shall be held harmless for damages or injuries sustained through the use of volunteers under this subdivision including workers' compensation liability. The lead agency shall provide documentation in each individual's plan of care and, if requested, to the commissioner that the most cost-effective alternatives available have been offered to the individual and that the individual was free to choose among available qualified providers, both public and private. The case manager must give the individual a ten-day written notice of any decrease in or termination of alternative care services.
(b) If the county administering alternative care services is different than the county of financial responsibility, the care plan may be implemented without the approval of the county of financial responsibility.
Subd. 9. Contracting provisions for providers. Alternative care funds paid to service providers are subject to audit by the commissioner for fiscal and utilization control.
The lead agency must select providers for contracts or agreements using the following criteria and other criteria established by the county:
(1) the need for the particular services offered by the provider;
(2) the population to be served, including the number of clients, the length of time services will be provided, and the medical condition of clients;
(3) the geographic area to be served;
(4) quality assurance methods, including appropriate licensure, certification, or standards, and supervision of employees when needed;
(5) rates for each service and unit of service exclusive of county administrative costs;
(6) evaluation of services previously delivered by the provider; and
(7) contract or agreement conditions, including billing requirements, cancellation, and indemnification.
The county must evaluate its own agency services under the criteria established for other providers.
Subd. 10. Allocation formula. (a) The alternative care appropriation for fiscal years 1992 and beyond shall cover only alternative care eligible clients. Prior to July 1 of each year, the commissioner shall allocate to county agencies the state funds available for alternative care for persons eligible under subdivision 2.
(b) The adjusted base for each county is the county's current fiscal year base allocation plus any targeted funds approved during the current fiscal year. Calculations for paragraphs (c) and (d) are to be made as follows: for each county, the determination of alternative care program expenditures shall be based on payments for services rendered from April 1 through March 31 in the base year, to the extent that claims have been submitted and paid by June 1 of that year.
(c) If the alternative care program expenditures as defined in paragraph (b) are 95 percent or more of the county's adjusted base allocation, the allocation for the next fiscal year is 100 percent of the adjusted base, plus inflation to the extent that inflation is included in the state budget.
(d) If the alternative care program expenditures as defined in paragraph (b) are less than 95 percent of the county's adjusted base allocation, the allocation for the next fiscal year is the adjusted base allocation less the amount of unspent funds below the 95 percent level.
(e) If the annual legislative appropriation for the alternative care program is inadequate to fund the combined county allocations for a biennium, the commissioner shall distribute to each county the entire annual appropriation as that county's percentage of the computed base as calculated in paragraphs (c) and (d).
Subd. 11. Targeted funding. (a) The purpose of targeted funding is to make additional money available to counties with the greatest need. Targeted funds are not intended to be distributed equitably among all counties, but rather, allocated to those with long-term care strategies that meet state goals.
(b) The funds available for targeted funding shall be the total appropriation for each fiscal year minus county allocations determined under subdivision 10 as adjusted for any inflation increases provided in appropriations for the biennium.
(c) The commissioner shall allocate targeted funds to counties that demonstrate to the satisfaction of the commissioner that they have developed feasible plans to increase alternative care spending. In making targeted funding allocations, the commissioner shall use the following priorities:
(1) counties that received a lower allocation in fiscal year 1991 than in fiscal year 1990. Counties remain in this priority until they have been restored to their fiscal year 1990 level plus inflation;
(2) counties that sustain a base allocation reduction for failure to spend 95 percent of the allocation if they demonstrate that the base reduction should be restored;
(3) counties that propose projects to divert community residents from nursing home placement or convert nursing home residents to community living; and
(4) counties that can otherwise justify program growth by demonstrating the existence of waiting lists, demographically justified needs, or other unmet needs.
(d) Counties that would receive targeted funds according to paragraph (c) must demonstrate to the commissioner's satisfaction that the funds would be appropriately spent by showing how the funds would be used to further the state's alternative care goals as described in subdivision 1, and that the county has the administrative and service delivery capability to use them.
(e) The commissioner shall request applications for targeted funds by November 1 of each year. The counties selected for targeted funds shall be notified of the amount of their additional funding. Targeted funds allocated to a county agency in one year shall be treated as part of the county's base allocation for that year in determining allocations for subsequent years. No reallocations between counties shall be made.
Subd. 12. Client premiums. (a) A premium is required for all alternative care eligible clients to help pay for the cost of participating in the program. The amount of the premium for the alternative care client shall be determined as follows:
(1) when the alternative care client's income less recurring and predictable medical expenses is greater than the recipient's maintenance needs allowance as defined in section 256B.0915, subdivision 1d, paragraph (a), but less than 150 percent of the federal poverty guideline effective on July 1 of the state fiscal year in which the premium is being computed, and total assets are less than $10,000, the fee is zero;
(2) when the alternative care client's income less recurring and predictable medical expenses is greater than 150 percent of the federal poverty guideline effective on July 1 of the state fiscal year in which the premium is being computed, and total assets are less than $10,000, the fee is 25 percent of the cost of alternative care services or the difference between 150 percent of the federal poverty guideline effective on July 1 of the state fiscal year in which the premium is being computed and the client's income less recurring and predictable medical expenses, whichever is less; and
(3) when the alternative care client's total assets are greater than $10,000, the fee is 25 percent of the cost of alternative care services.
For married persons, total assets are defined as the total marital assets less the estimated community spouse asset allowance, under section 256B.059, if applicable. For married persons, total income is defined as the client's income less the monthly spousal allotment, under section 256B.058.
All alternative care services except case management shall be included in the estimated costs for the purpose of determining 25 percent of the costs.
The monthly premium shall be calculated based on the cost of the first full month of alternative care services and shall continue unaltered until the next reassessment is completed or at the end of 12 months, whichever comes first. Premiums are due and payable each month alternative care services are received unless the actual cost of the services is less than the premium.
(b) The fee shall be waived by the commissioner when:
(1) a person who is residing in a nursing facility is receiving case management only;
(2) a person is applying for medical assistance;
(3) a married couple is requesting an asset assessment under the spousal impoverishment provisions;
(4) a person is found eligible for alternative care, but is not yet receiving alternative care services; or
(5) a person's fee under paragraph (a) is less than $25.
(c) The county agency must record in the state's receivable system the client's assessed premium amount or the reason the premium has been waived. The commissioner will bill and collect the premium from the client. Money collected must be deposited in the general fund and is appropriated to the commissioner for the alternative care program. The client must supply the county with the client's social security number at the time of application. The county shall supply the commissioner with the client's social security number and other information the commissioner requires to collect the premium from the client. The commissioner shall collect unpaid premiums using the Revenue Recapture Act in chapter 270A and other methods available to the commissioner. The commissioner may require counties to inform clients of the collection procedures that may be used by the state if a premium is not paid. This paragraph does not apply to alternative care pilot projects authorized in Laws 1993, First Special Session chapter 1, article 5, section 133, if a county operating under the pilot project reports the following dollar amounts to the commissioner quarterly:
(1) total premiums billed to clients;
(2) total collections of premiums billed; and
(3) balance of premiums owed by clients.
If a county does not adhere to these reporting requirements, the commissioner may terminate the billing, collecting, and remitting portions of the pilot project and require the county involved to operate under the procedures set forth in this paragraph.
(d) The commissioner shall begin to adopt emergency or permanent rules governing client premiums within 30 days after July 1, 1991, including criteria for determining when services to a client must be terminated due to failure to pay a premium.
Subd. 13. County biennial plan. The county biennial plan for long-term care consultation services under section 256B.0911, the alternative care program under this section, and waivers for the elderly under section 256B.0915, shall be incorporated into the biennial Community Social Services Act plan and shall meet the regulations and timelines of that plan.
Subd. 14. Payment and rate adjustments. (a) Payment for provided alternative care services as approved by the client's case manager shall be through the invoice processing procedures of the department's Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS). To receive payment, the county or vendor must submit invoices within 12 months following the date of service. The county agency and its vendors under contract shall not be reimbursed for services which exceed the county allocation.
(b) The county shall negotiate individual rates with vendors and may authorize service payment for actual costs up to the county's current approved rate. Notwithstanding any other rule or statutory provision to the contrary, the commissioner shall not be authorized to increase rates by an annual inflation factor, unless so authorized by the legislature. To improve access to community services and eliminate payment disparities between the alternative care program and the elderly waiver program, the commissioner shall establish statewide maximum service rate limits and eliminate county-specific service rate limits.
(1) Effective July 1, 2001, for service rate limits, except those in subdivision 5, paragraphs (d) and (i), the rate limit for each service shall be the greater of the alternative care statewide maximum rate or the elderly waiver statewide maximum rate.
(2) Counties may negotiate individual service rates with vendors for actual costs up to the statewide maximum service rate limit.
Subd. 15. Repealed, 1998 c 407 art 4 s 69
Subd. 15a. Repealed, 1Sp2001 c 9 art 4 s 34
Subd. 15b. Repealed, 1Sp2001 c 9 art 4 s 34
Subd. 15c. Repealed, 1Sp2001 c 9 art 4 s 34
Subd. 16. Repealed, 1Sp2001 c 9 art 4 s 34
HIST: 1991 c 292 art 7 s 15; 1992 c 464 art 2 s 1; 1992 c 513 art 7 s 56-61; 1Sp1993 c 1 art 5 s 62-67; 1Sp1993 c 6 s 12; 1995 c 207 art 6 s 63-69; art 9 s 60; 1995 c 263 s 8; 1996 c 451 art 2 s 23-25; art 4 s 70; art 5 s 21,22; 1997 c 113 s 17; 1997 c 203 art 4 s 36-39; art 11 s 6; 1997 c 225 art 8 s 3; 1998 c 407 art 4 s 36; 1999 c 245 art 3 s 13-16; 2000 c 449 s 1; 1Sp2001 c 9 art 4 s 15-27
Official Publication of the State of Minnesota
Revisor of Statutes