Key: (1) language to be deleted (2) new language
An act
relating to human services; modifying background study provisions;
amending Minnesota Statutes 2016, sections 245C.02, subdivisions 4a, 15, by adding subdivisions; 245C.05, subdivision 2c, by adding a subdivision; 245C.051; Minnesota Statutes 2017 Supplement, sections 245C.02, subdivision 6a; 245C.03, subdivision 1; 245C.04, subdivision 1; 245C.05, subdivision 5; 245C.08, subdivision 1; 245C.10, subdivision 9a; 245C.15, subdivision 1.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA:
"Authorized fingerprint collection vendor" means a qualified organization under a written contract with the commissioner to provide services in accordance with section 245C.05, subdivision 5, paragraph deleted text begin (d)deleted text end new text begin (b)new text end .
"Child care deleted text begin staff persondeleted text end new text begin background study subjectnew text end " means an individual deleted text begin other than an individual who is related to all children for whom child care services are provideddeleted text end new text begin who is affiliated with a licensed child care center, certified license exempt child care center, licensed family child care program, or legal nonlicensed child care provider authorized under chapter 119B,new text end and:
(1) who is employed by a child care provider for compensation;
(2) whose activities involve the deleted text begin care ordeleted text end supervision of a child for a child care provider deleted text begin or unsupervised access to a child who is cared for or supervised by a child care providerdeleted text end ; or
new text begin (3) who is required to have a background study under section 245C.03, subdivision 1. new text end
deleted text begin (3) an individual 13 years of age or older residing in a licensed family child care home or legal nonlicensed child care program. deleted text end
new text begin This section is effective upon implementation of NETStudy 2.0 for enhanced child care. new text end
new text begin (a) "National criminal history record check" means a check of records maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation through submission of fingerprints through the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, when specifically required by law. new text end
new text begin (b) For the purposes of this chapter, "national crime information database," "national criminal records repository," "criminal history with the Federal Bureau of Investigation," and "national criminal record check" refer to a national criminal history record check as defined in this subdivision. new text end
"Reasonable cause" means information or circumstances exist deleted text begin whichdeleted text end new text begin thatnew text end provide the commissioner with articulable suspicion that further pertinent information may exist concerning a subject. The commissioner has reasonable cause new text begin to require a background study new text end whendeleted text begin , but not limited to,deleted text end the commissioner has received a report from the subject, the license holder, or a third party indicating that the subject has a history that would disqualify the individual or that may pose a risk to the health or safety of persons receiving services.
new text begin (a) "Reasonable cause to require a national criminal history record check" means information or circumstances exist that provide the commissioner with articulable suspicion that further pertinent information may exist concerning a background study subject that merits conducting a national criminal history record check on that subject. The commissioner has reasonable cause to require a national criminal history record check when: new text end
new text begin (1) information from the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension indicates that the subject is a multistate offender; new text end
new text begin (2) information from the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension indicates that multistate offender status is undetermined; new text end
new text begin (3) the commissioner has received a report from the subject or a third party indicating that the subject has a criminal history in a jurisdiction other than Minnesota; or new text end
new text begin (4) information from the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension for a state-based name and date of birth background study in which the subject is a minor that indicates that the subject has a criminal history. new text end
new text begin (b) In addition to the circumstances described in paragraph (a), the commissioner has reasonable cause to require a national criminal history record check if the subject is not currently residing in Minnesota or resided in a jurisdiction other than Minnesota during the previous five years. new text end
(a) The commissioner shall conduct a background study on:
(1) the person or persons applying for a license;
(2) an individual age 13 and over living in the household where the licensed program will be provided who is not receiving licensed services from the program;
(3) current or prospective employees or contractors of the applicant who will have direct contact with persons served by the facility, agency, or program;
(4) volunteers or student volunteers who will have direct contact with persons served by the program to provide program services if the contact is not under the continuous, direct supervision by an individual listed in clause (1) or (3);
(5) an individual age ten to 12 living in the household where the licensed services will be provided when the commissioner has reasonable causenew text begin as defined in section 245C.02, subdivision 15new text end ;
(6) an individual who, without providing direct contact services at a licensed program, may have unsupervised access to children or vulnerable adults receiving services from a program, when the commissioner has reasonable causenew text begin as defined in section 245C.02, subdivision 15new text end ;
(7) all controlling individuals as defined in section 245A.02, subdivision 5a; and
(8) child care deleted text begin staff personsdeleted text end new text begin background study subjects new text end as defined in section 245C.02, subdivision 6a.
(b) Paragraph (a), clauses new text begin (2), new text end (5)new text begin ,new text end and (6), apply to legal nonlicensed child care and certified license-exempt child care programs.
(c) For child foster care when the license holder resides in the home where foster care services are provided, a short-term substitute caregiver providing direct contact services for a child for less than 72 hours of continuous care is not required to receive a background study under this chapter.
(a) The commissioner shall conduct a background study of an individual required to be studied under section 245C.03, subdivision 1, at least upon application for initial license for all license types.
(b) The commissioner shall conduct a background study of an individual required to be studied under section 245C.03, subdivision 1, including a child care deleted text begin staff persondeleted text end new text begin background study subjectnew text end as defined in section 245C.02, subdivision 6a, in a family child care program, licensed child care center, certified license-exempt child care center, or legal nonlicensed child care provider, on a schedule determined by the commissioner. deleted text begin Thedeleted text end new text begin Except as provided in section 245C.05, subdivision 5a, a child carenew text end background study must include submission of fingerprints for a national criminal history record check and a review of the information under section 245C.08. A background study for a child care program must be repeated within five years from the most recent study conducted under this paragraph.
(c) At reapplication for a family child care license:
(1) for a background study affiliated with a licensed family child care center or legal nonlicensed child care provider, the individual shall provide information required under section 245C.05, subdivision 1, paragraphs (a), (b), and (d), to the county agency, and be fingerprinted and photographed under section 245C.05, subdivision 5;
(2) the county agency shall verify the information received under clause (1) and forward the information to the commissioner to complete the background study; and
(3) the background study conducted by the commissioner under this paragraph must include a review of the information required under section 245C.08.
(d) The commissioner is not required to conduct a study of an individual at the time of reapplication for a license if the individual's background study was completed by the commissioner of human services and the following conditions are met:
(1) a study of the individual was conducted either at the time of initial licensure or when the individual became affiliated with the license holder;
(2) the individual has been continuously affiliated with the license holder since the last study was conducted; and
(3) the last study of the individual was conducted on or after October 1, 1995.
(e) The commissioner of human services shall conduct a background study of an individual specified under section 245C.03, subdivision 1, paragraph (a), clauses (2) to (6), who is newly affiliated with a child foster care license holder:
(1) the county or private agency shall collect and forward to the commissioner the information required under section 245C.05, subdivisions 1 and 5, when the child foster care applicant or license holder resides in the home where child foster care services are provided;
(2) the child foster care license holder or applicant shall collect and forward to the commissioner the information required under section 245C.05, subdivisions 1 and 5, when the applicant or license holder does not reside in the home where child foster care services are provided; and
(3) the background study conducted by the commissioner of human services under this paragraph must include a review of the information required under section 245C.08, subdivisions 1, 3, and 4.
(f) The commissioner shall conduct a background study of an individual specified under section 245C.03, subdivision 1, paragraph (a), clauses (2) to (6), who is newly affiliated with an adult foster care or family adult day services and with a family child care license holder or a legal nonlicensed child care provider authorized under chapter 119Bnew text begin andnew text end :
(1) new text begin except as provided in section 245C.05, subdivision 5a, new text end the county shall collect and forward to the commissioner the information required under section 245C.05, subdivision 1, paragraphs (a) and (b), and subdivision 5, paragraphs (a), (b), and (d), for background studies conducted by the commissioner for all family adult day services, for adult foster care when the adult foster care license holder resides in the adult foster care residence, and for family child care and legal nonlicensed child care authorized under chapter 119B;
(2) the license holder shall collect and forward to the commissioner the information required under section 245C.05, subdivisions 1, paragraphs (a) and (b); and 5, paragraphs (a) and (b), for background studies conducted by the commissioner for adult foster care when the license holder does not reside in the adult foster care residence; and
(3) the background study conducted by the commissioner under this paragraph must include a review of the information required under section 245C.08, subdivision 1, paragraph (a), and subdivisions 3 and 4.
(g) Applicants for licensure, license holders, and other entities as provided in this chapter must submit completed background study requests to the commissioner using the electronic system known as NETStudy before individuals specified in section 245C.03, subdivision 1, begin positions allowing direct contact in any licensed program.
(h) For an individual who is not on the entity's active roster, the entity must initiate a new background study through NETStudy when:
(1) an individual returns to a position requiring a background study following an absence of 120 or more consecutive days; or
(2) a program that discontinued providing licensed direct contact services for 120 or more consecutive days begins to provide direct contact licensed services again.
The license holder shall maintain a copy of the notification provided to the commissioner under this paragraph in the program's files. If the individual's disqualification was previously set aside for the license holder's program and the new background study results in no new information that indicates the individual may pose a risk of harm to persons receiving services from the license holder, the previous set-aside shall remain in effect.
(i) For purposes of this section, a physician licensed under chapter 147 is considered to be continuously affiliated upon the license holder's receipt from the commissioner of health or human services of the physician's background study results.
(j) For purposes of family child care, a substitute caregiver must receive repeat background studies at the time of each license renewal.
(k) A repeat background study at the time of license renewal is not required if the family child care substitute caregiver's background study was completed by the commissioner on or after October 1, 2017, and the substitute caregiver is on the license holder's active roster in NETStudy 2.0.
(l) Before and after school programs authorized under chapter 119B, are exempt from the background study requirements under section 123B.03, for an employee for whom a background study under this chapter has been completed.
(a) Prior to initiating each background study, the entity initiating the study must provide the commissioner's privacy notice to the background study subject required under section 13.04, subdivision 2. The notice must be available through the commissioner's electronic NETStudy and NETStudy 2.0 systems and shall include the information in paragraphs (b) and (c).
(b) The background study subject shall be informed that any previous background studies that received a set-aside will be reviewed, and without further contact with the background study subject, the commissioner may notify the agency that initiated the subsequent background study:
(1) that the individual has a disqualification that has been set aside for the program or agency that initiated the study;
(2) the reason for the disqualification; and
(3) that information about the decision to set aside the disqualification will be available to the license holder upon request without the consent of the background study subject.
(c) The background study subject must also be informed that:
(1) the subject's fingerprints collected for purposes of completing the background study under this chapter must not be retained by the Department of Public Safety, Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, or by the commissionerdeleted text begin , but will be retained bydeleted text end new text begin .new text end The Federal Bureau of Investigationnew text begin will only retain fingerprints of subjects with a criminal historynew text end ;
(2) effective upon implementation of NETStudy 2.0, the subject's photographic image will be retained by the commissioner, and if the subject has provided the subject's Social Security number for purposes of the background study, the photographic image will be available to prospective employers and agencies initiating background studies under this chapter to verify the identity of the subject of the background study;
(3) the commissioner's authorized fingerprint collection vendor shall, for purposes of verifying the identity of the background study subject, be able to view the identifying information entered into NETStudy 2.0 by the entity that initiated the background study, but shall not retain the subject's fingerprints, photograph, or information from NETStudy 2.0. The authorized fingerprint collection vendor shall retain no more than the subject's name and the date and time the subject's fingerprints were recorded and sent, only as necessary for auditing and billing activities;
(4) the commissioner shall provide the subject notice, as required in section 245C.17, subdivision 1, paragraph (a), when an entity initiates a background study on the individual;
(5) the subject may request in writing a report listing the entities that initiated a background study on the individual as provided in section 245C.17, subdivision 1, paragraph (b);
(6) the subject may request in writing that information used to complete the individual's background study in NETStudy 2.0 be destroyed if the requirements of section 245C.051, paragraph (a), are met; and
(7) notwithstanding clause (6), the commissioner shall destroy:
(i) the subject's photograph after a period of two years when the requirements of section 245C.051, paragraph (c), are met; and
(ii) any data collected on a subject under this chapter after a period of two years following the individual's death as provided in section 245C.051, paragraph (d).
deleted text begin (a) Before the implementation of NETStudy 2.0, except as provided in paragraph (c), for any background study completed under this chapter, when the commissioner has reasonable cause to believe that further pertinent information may exist on the subject of the background study, the subject shall provide the commissioner with a set of classifiable fingerprints obtained from an authorized agency. deleted text end
deleted text begin (b) Before the implementation of NETStudy 2.0, for purposes of requiring fingerprints, the commissioner has reasonable cause when, but not limited to, the: deleted text end
deleted text begin (1) information from the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension indicates that the subject is a multistate offender; deleted text end
deleted text begin (2) information from the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension indicates that multistate offender status is undetermined; or deleted text end
deleted text begin (3) commissioner has received a report from the subject or a third party indicating that the subject has a criminal history in a jurisdiction other than Minnesota. deleted text end
deleted text begin (c)deleted text end new text begin (a) new text end Notwithstanding paragraph deleted text begin (d)deleted text end new text begin (b)new text end , for background studies conducted by the commissioner for child foster care, adoptions, or a transfer of permanent legal and physical custody of a child, the subject of the background study, who is 18 years of age or older, shall provide the commissioner with a set of classifiable fingerprints obtained from an authorized agency for a national criminal history record check.
deleted text begin (d)deleted text end new text begin (b) new text end For background studies initiated on or after the implementation of NETStudy 2.0, new text begin except as provided under subdivision 5a, new text end every subject of a background study must provide the commissioner with a set of the background study subject's classifiable fingerprints and photograph. The photograph and fingerprints must be recorded at the same time by the commissioner's authorized fingerprint collection vendor and sent to the commissioner through the commissioner's secure data system described in section 245C.32, subdivision 1a, paragraph (b).
new text begin (c) new text end The fingerprints shall new text begin be submitted by the commissioner to the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension and, when specifically required by law, submitted to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a national criminal history record check.new text end
new text begin (d) The fingerprints must new text end not be retained by the Department of Public Safety, Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, or the commissionerdeleted text begin , but will be retained bydeleted text end new text begin .new text end The Federal Bureau of Investigationnew text begin will only retain fingerprints of subjects with a criminal historynew text end .
new text begin (e)new text end The commissioner's authorized fingerprint collection vendor shall, for purposes of verifying the identity of the background study subject, be able to view the identifying information entered into NETStudy 2.0 by the entity that initiated the background study, but shall not retain the subject's fingerprints, photograph, or information from NETStudy 2.0. The authorized fingerprint collection vendor shall retain no more than the name and date and time the subject's fingerprints were recorded and sent, only as necessary for auditing and billing activities.
deleted text begin (e) deleted text end deleted text begin When specifically required by law deleted text end deleted text begin , deleted text end deleted text begin fingerprints collected under this section must be submitted for a national criminal history deleted text end deleted text begin record check. deleted text end
new text begin (f) For any background study conducted under this chapter, the subject shall provide the commissioner with a set of classifiable fingerprints when the commissioner has reasonable cause to require a national criminal history record check as defined in section 245C.02, subdivision 15a. new text end
new text begin (a) A background study completed under this chapter on a subject who is required to be studied under section 245C.03, subdivision 1, and is 17 years of age or younger shall be completed by the commissioner for: new text end
new text begin (1) a legal nonlicensed child care provider authorized under chapter 119B; new text end
new text begin (2) a licensed family child care program; or new text end
new text begin (3) a licensed foster care home. new text end
new text begin (b) The subject shall submit to the commissioner only the information under subdivision 1, paragraph (a). new text end
new text begin (c) A subject who is 17 years of age or younger is required to submit fingerprints and a photograph, and the commissioner shall conduct a national criminal history record check, if: new text end
new text begin (1) the commissioner has reasonable cause to require a national criminal history record check defined in section 245C.02, subdivision 15a; or new text end
new text begin (2) under paragraph (a), clauses (1) and (2), the subject is employed by the provider or supervises children served by the program. new text end
new text begin This section is effective 30 days following final enactment. new text end
(a) A background study subject may request in writing to the commissioner that information used to complete the individual's study in NETStudy 2.0 be destroyed if the individual:
(1) has not been affiliated with any entity for the previous two years; and
(2) has no current disqualifying characteristic.
(b) After receiving the request and verifying the information in paragraph (a), the commissioner shall destroy the information used to complete the subject's background study and shall keep a record of the subject's name and a notation of the date that the information was destroyed.
(c) When a previously studied individual has not been on the master roster for two years, the commissioner shall destroy the photographic image of the individual obtained under section 245C.05, subdivision 5, paragraph deleted text begin (d)deleted text end new text begin (b)new text end .
(d) Any data collected on an individual under this chapter that is maintained by the commissioner that has not been destroyed according to paragraph (b) or (c) shall be destroyed when two years have elapsed from the individual's actual death that is reported to the commissioner or when 90 years have elapsed since the individual's birth except when readily available data indicate that the individual is still living.
(a) For a background study conducted by the Department of Human Services, the commissioner shall review:
(1) information related to names of substantiated perpetrators of maltreatment of vulnerable adults that has been received by the commissioner as required under section 626.557, subdivision 9c, paragraph (j);
(2) the commissioner's records relating to the maltreatment of minors in licensed programs, and from findings of maltreatment of minors as indicated through the social service information system;
(3) information from juvenile courts as required in subdivision 4 for individuals listed in section 245C.03, subdivision 1, paragraph (a), when there is reasonable cause;
(4) information from the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension, including information regarding a background study subject's registration in Minnesota as a predatory offender under section 243.166;
(5) except as provided in clause (6), information received as a result of submission of fingerprints for a national criminal history record check, new text begin as defined in section 245C.02, subdivision 13c, new text end when the commissioner has reasonable cause new text begin for a national criminal history record check new text end as defined under section deleted text begin 245C.05, subdivision 5deleted text end new text begin 245C.02, subdivision 15anew text end , or as required under section 144.057, subdivision 1, clause (2);
(6) for a background study related to a child foster care application for licensure, a transfer of permanent legal and physical custody of a child under sections 260C.503 to 260C.515, or adoptions, and for a background study required for family child care, certified license-exempt child care, child care centers, and legal nonlicensed child care authorized under chapter 119B, the commissioner shall also review:
(i) information from the child abuse and neglect registry for any state in which the background study subject has resided for the past five years; and
(ii) when the background study subject is 18 years of age or older, new text begin or a minor under section 245C.05, subdivision 5a, paragraph (c),new text end information received following submission of fingerprints for a national criminal history record check; and
(7) for a background study required for family child care, certified license-exempt child care centers, licensed child care centers, and legal nonlicensed child care authorized under chapter 119B, the background study shall also includenew text begin , to the extent practicable,new text end a name and date-of-birth search of the National Sex Offender Public Web site.
(b) Notwithstanding expungement by a court, the commissioner may consider information obtained under paragraph (a), clauses (3) and (4), unless the commissioner received notice of the petition for expungement and the court order for expungement is directed specifically to the commissioner.
(c) The commissioner shall also review criminal case information received according to section 245C.04, subdivision 4a, from the Minnesota court information system that relates to individuals who have already been studied under this chapter and who remain affiliated with the agency that initiated the background study.
(d) When the commissioner has reasonable cause to believe that the identity of a background study subject is uncertain, the commissioner may require the subject to provide a set of classifiable fingerprints for purposes of completing a fingerprint-based record check with the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension. Fingerprints collected under this paragraph shall not be saved by the commissioner after they have been used to verify the identity of the background study subject against the particular criminal record in question.
(e) The commissioner may inform the entity that initiated a background study under NETStudy 2.0 of the status of processing of the subject's fingerprints.
The commissioner shall recover the cost of a background study required for family child care, certified license-exempt child care centers, licensed child care centers, and legal nonlicensed child care providers authorized under chapter 119B through a fee of no more than $40 per study charged to the license holder. new text begin A fee of no more than $20 per study shall be charged for studies conducted under section 245C.05, subdivision 5a, paragraph (a). new text end The fees collected under this subdivision are appropriated to the commissioner to conduct background studies.
(a) An individual is disqualified under section 245C.14 if: (1) regardless of how much time has passed since the discharge of the sentence imposed, if any, for the offense; and (2) unless otherwise specified, regardless of the level of the offense, the individual has committed any of the following offenses: sections 243.166 (violation of predatory offender registration law); 609.185 (murder in the first degree); 609.19 (murder in the second degree); 609.195 (murder in the third degree); 609.20 (manslaughter in the first degree); 609.205 (manslaughter in the second degree); a felony offense under 609.221 or 609.222 (assault in the first or second degree); a felony offense under sections 609.2242 and 609.2243 (domestic assault), spousal abuse, child abuse or neglect, or a crime against children; 609.2247 (domestic assault by strangulation); 609.228 (great bodily harm caused by distribution of drugs); 609.245 (aggravated robbery); 609.25 (kidnapping); 609.2661 (murder of an unborn child in the first degree); 609.2662 (murder of an unborn child in the second degree); 609.2663 (murder of an unborn child in the third degree); 609.322 (solicitation, inducement, and promotion of prostitution); 609.324, subdivision 1 (other prohibited acts); 609.342 (criminal sexual conduct in the first degree); 609.343 (criminal sexual conduct in the second degree); 609.344 (criminal sexual conduct in the third degree); 609.345 (criminal sexual conduct in the fourth degree); 609.3451 (criminal sexual conduct in the fifth degree); 609.3453 (criminal sexual predatory conduct); 609.352 (solicitation of children to engage in sexual conduct); 609.365 (incest); a felony offense under 609.377 (malicious punishment of a child); a felony offense under 609.378 (neglect or endangerment of a child); 609.561 (arson in the first degree); 609.66, subdivision 1e (drive-by shooting); 609.749, subdivision 3, 4, or 5 (felony-level stalking); 609.855, subdivision 5 (shooting at or in a public transit vehicle or facility); 617.23, subdivision 2, clause (1), or subdivision 3, clause (1) (indecent exposure involving a minor); 617.246 (use of minors in sexual performance prohibited); 617.247 (possession of pictorial representations of minors); or, for a child care deleted text begin staff persondeleted text end new text begin background study subjectnew text end , conviction of a crime that would make the individual ineligible for employment under United States Code, title 42, section 9858f, new text begin except for a felony drug conviction, new text end regardless of whether a period of disqualification under subdivisions 2 to 4, would apply if the individual were not a child care deleted text begin staff persondeleted text end new text begin background study subjectnew text end .
(b) An individual's aiding and abetting, attempt, or conspiracy to commit any of the offenses listed in paragraph (a), as each of these offenses is defined in Minnesota Statutes, permanently disqualifies the individual under section 245C.14.
(c) An individual's offense in any other state or country, where the elements of the offense are substantially similar to any of the offenses listed in paragraph (a), permanently disqualifies the individual under section 245C.14.
(d) When a disqualification is based on a judicial determination other than a conviction, the disqualification period begins from the date of the court order. When a disqualification is based on an admission, the disqualification period begins from the date of an admission in court. When a disqualification is based on an Alford Plea, the disqualification period begins from the date the Alford Plea is entered in court. When a disqualification is based on a preponderance of evidence of a disqualifying act, the disqualification date begins from the date of the dismissal, the date of discharge of the sentence imposed for a conviction for a disqualifying crime of similar elements, or the date of the incident, whichever occurs last.
(e) If the individual studied commits one of the offenses listed in paragraph (a) that is specified as a felony-level only offense, but the sentence or level of offense is a gross misdemeanor or misdemeanor, the individual is disqualified, but the disqualification look-back period for the offense is the period applicable to gross misdemeanor or misdemeanor offenses.
(f) A child care deleted text begin staff persondeleted text end new text begin background study subject new text end shall be disqualified deleted text begin as long asdeleted text end new text begin ifnew text end the individual is registered, or required to be registered, on a state sex offender registry or repository or the National Sex Offender Registry.
new text begin The commissioner of human services shall notify all background study subjects under Minnesota Statutes, chapter 245C, that the Department of Human Services, Department of Public Safety, and the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension do not retain fingerprint data after a background study is completed, and that the Federal Bureau of Investigation only retains the fingerprints of subjects who have a criminal history. new text end
new text begin The revisor of statutes shall change the term "child care staff person" and similar terms to "child care background study subject" wherever the terms appear in Minnesota Statutes, chapter 245C. The revisor shall also make grammatical changes related to the changes in terms. new text end
Presented to the governor May 16, 2018
Signed by the governor May 19, 2018, 4:46 p.m.
Official Publication of the State of Minnesota
Revisor of Statutes