SF 498

1st Unofficial Engrossment - 89th Legislature (2015 - 2016) Posted on 05/11/2016 03:21pm

A bill for an act
relating to data practices; classifying portable recording system data; establishing
requirements for portable recording systems; requiring written policies and
procedures; providing for damage awards; requiring a legislative auditor review;
amending Minnesota Statutes 2014, section 13.82, subdivisions 6, 7, 15;
Minnesota Statutes 2015 Supplement, section 13.82, subdivision 2; proposing
coding for new law in Minnesota Statutes, chapters 13; 626.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA:

Section 1.

Minnesota Statutes 2015 Supplement, section 13.82, subdivision 2, is
amended to read:

Subd. 2.

Arrest data.

The following data created or collected by law enforcement
agencies which document any actions taken by them to cite, arrest, incarcerate or
otherwise substantially deprive an adult individual of liberty shall be public at all times
in the originating agency:

(a) time, date and place of the action;

(b) any resistance encountered by the agency;

(c) any pursuit engaged in by the agency;

(d) whether any weapons were used by the agency or other individual;

(e) the charge, arrest or search warrants, or other legal basis for the action;

(f) the identities of the agencies, units within the agencies and individual persons
taking the action;

(g) whether and where the individual is being held in custody or is being incarcerated
by the agency;

(h) the date, time and legal basis for any transfer of custody and the identity of the
agency or person who received custody;

(i) the date, time and legal basis for any release from custody or incarceration;

(j) the name, age, sex and last known address of an adult person or the age and sex
of any juvenile person cited, arrested, incarcerated or otherwise substantially deprived
of liberty;

(k) whether the agency employed deleted text begin an deleted text end new text begin a portable recording system, new text end automated license
plate reader, wiretaps or other eavesdropping techniques, unless the release of this specific
data would jeopardize an ongoing investigation;

(l) the manner in which the agencies received the information that led to the arrest
and the names of individuals who supplied the information unless the identities of those
individuals qualify for protection under subdivision 17; and

(m) response or incident report number.

Sec. 2.

Minnesota Statutes 2014, section 13.82, subdivision 6, is amended to read:

Subd. 6.

Response or incident data.

The following data created or collected by
law enforcement agencies which document the agency's response to a request for service
including, but not limited to, responses to traffic accidents, or which describe actions taken
by the agency on its own initiative shall be public government data:

(a) date, time and place of the action;

(b) agencies, units of agencies and individual agency personnel participating in the
action unless the identities of agency personnel qualify for protection under subdivision 17;

(c) any resistance encountered by the agency;

(d) any pursuit engaged in by the agency;

(e) whether any weapons were used by the agency or other individuals;

(f) a brief factual reconstruction of events associated with the action;

(g) names and addresses of witnesses to the agency action or the incident unless the
identity of any witness qualifies for protection under subdivision 17;

(h) names and addresses of any victims or casualties unless the identities of those
individuals qualify for protection under subdivision 17;

(i) the name and location of the health care facility to which victims or casualties
were taken;

(j) response or incident report number;

(k) dates of birth of the parties involved in a traffic accident;

(l) whether the parties involved were wearing seat belts; deleted text begin and
deleted text end

(m) the alcohol concentration of each driver new text begin ; and
new text end

new text begin (n) whether the agency used a portable recording system to document the agency's
response or actions new text end .

Sec. 3.

Minnesota Statutes 2014, section 13.82, subdivision 7, is amended to read:

Subd. 7.

Criminal investigative data.

Except for the data defined in subdivisions
2, 3, and 6, investigative data collected or created by a law enforcement agency in order
to prepare a case against a person, whether known or unknown, for the commission of a
crime or other offense for which the agency has primary investigative responsibility are
confidential or protected nonpublic while the investigation is active. Inactive investigative
data are public unless the release of the data would jeopardize another ongoing investigation
or would reveal the identity of individuals protected under subdivision 17. new text begin Images and
recordings, including new text end photographs new text begin , video, and audio records, new text end which are part of inactive
investigative files and which are clearly offensive to common sensibilities are classified
as private or nonpublic data, provided that the existence of the deleted text begin photographs deleted text end new text begin images and
recordings new text end shall be disclosed to any person requesting access to the inactive investigative
file. An investigation becomes inactive upon the occurrence of any of the following events:

(a) a decision by the agency or appropriate prosecutorial authority not to pursue
the case;

(b) expiration of the time to bring a charge or file a complaint under the applicable
statute of limitations, or 30 years after the commission of the offense, whichever comes
earliest; or

(c) exhaustion of or expiration of all rights of appeal by a person convicted on
the basis of the investigative data.

Any investigative data presented as evidence in court shall be public. Data
determined to be inactive under clause (a) may become active if the agency or appropriate
prosecutorial authority decides to renew the investigation.

During the time when an investigation is active, any person may bring an action in
the district court located in the county where the data are being maintained to authorize
disclosure of investigative data. The court may order that all or part of the data relating to
a particular investigation be released to the public or to the person bringing the action. In
making the determination as to whether investigative data shall be disclosed, the court
shall consider whether the benefit to the person bringing the action or to the public
outweighs any harm to the public, to the agency or to any person identified in the data.
The data in dispute shall be examined by the court in camera.

Sec. 4.

Minnesota Statutes 2014, section 13.82, subdivision 15, is amended to read:

Subd. 15.

Public benefit data.

Any law enforcement agency may make any data
classified as confidential or protected nonpublic pursuant to subdivision 7 new text begin or as private
or nonpublic under section 13.825 new text end accessible to any person, agency, or the public if the
agency determines that the access will aid the law enforcement process, promote public
safety, or dispel widespread rumor or unrest.

Sec. 5.

new text begin [13.825] PORTABLE RECORDING SYSTEMS.
new text end

new text begin Subdivision 1. new text end

new text begin Application; definition. new text end

new text begin (a) This section applies to law enforcement
agencies that maintain a portable recording system for use in investigations, or in response
to emergencies, incidents, and requests for service.
new text end

new text begin (b) As used in this section, "portable recording system" means a device worn by a
peace officer that is capable of both video and audio recording of the officer's activities and
interactions with others or collecting digital multimedia evidence as part of an investigation.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 2. new text end

new text begin Data classification; court-authorized disclosure. new text end

new text begin (a) Data collected by
a portable recording system are private data on individuals or nonpublic data, except
that the following data are public:
new text end

new text begin (1) data which document a peace officer's use of force that results in substantial
bodily harm, as defined in section 609.02, subdivision 7a; and
new text end

new text begin (2) any data that a subject of the data requests be made accessible to the public,
provided that data on a subject who is not a peace officer and who does not consent to the
release must be redacted, if practicable.
new text end

new text begin A law enforcement agency may redact or withhold access to portions of data that are
public under this subdivision, if those portions of data are clearly offensive to common
sensibilities. Section 13.04, subdivision 2, does not apply to collection of data classified
by this subdivision.
new text end

new text begin (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a):
new text end

new text begin (1) portable recording system data that are criminal investigative data are classified
as provided in section 13.82, subdivision 7, except that inactive criminal investigative data
are classified by this subdivision;
new text end

new text begin (2) portable recording system data that are public personnel data under section
13.43, subdivision 2, clause (5), are public; and
new text end

new text begin (3) data that are not public data under other provisions of this chapter retain that
classification.
new text end

new text begin (c) Any person may bring an action in the district court located in the county where
portable recording system data are being maintained to authorize disclosure of data that
are private or nonpublic under this section. The person bringing the action must give
notice of the action to the law enforcement agency and subjects of the data, if known. The
law enforcement agency must give notice to other subjects of the data, if known, who did
not receive the notice from the person bringing the action. The court may order that all or
part of the data be released to the public or to the person bringing the action. In making
this determination, the court shall consider whether the benefit to the person bringing the
action or to the public outweighs any harm to the public, to the law enforcement agency,
or to a subject of the data. The data in dispute must be examined by the court in camera.
This paragraph does not affect the right of a defendant in a criminal proceeding to obtain
access to portable recording system data under the Rules of Criminal Procedure.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 3. new text end

new text begin Retention of data. new text end

new text begin Notwithstanding section 138.17: new text end

new text begin
(1) portable recording system data that relate to an active or inactive criminal
investigation must be retained for no longer than any applicable statute of limitations period
has expired, or 180 days after the investigation becomes inactive, whichever is later; and
new text end

new text begin (2) portable recording system data that do not relate to an active or inactive criminal
investigation must be maintained for at least 90 days, and destroyed within 12 months of
the date the data were collected.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 4. new text end

new text begin Access by data subjects. new text end

new text begin (a) For purposes of this chapter, a portable
recording system data subject includes the peace officer who collected the data, and any
other individual or entity, including any other peace officer, whose image or voice is
documented in the data. If an individual subject of portable recording system data is
deceased, a representative of the decedent, as defined in section 13.10, subdivision 1, is a
subject of the data for purposes of this chapter.
new text end

new text begin (b) Subjects of portable recording system data, including peace officers, must be
provided access to the data to the full extent required by this chapter while the data are
retained. If a subject of private or nonpublic portable recording system data requests
access to the data, data on any other subjects documented in the data who have not
consented to the data's release must be redacted, if practicable.
new text end

new text begin (c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b), a peace officer involved in an investigation or
response to an incident must be permitted to review any portable recording system data
that documents the investigation or incident response, unrestricted and its original form,
prior to the officer's submission of a written report or formal statement on the investigation
or response.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 5. new text end

new text begin Inventory of portable recording system technology. new text end

new text begin A law enforcement
agency that uses a portable recording system must maintain the following information,
which is public data:
new text end

new text begin (1) the total number of recording devices owned or maintained by the agency;
new text end

new text begin (2) a daily record of the total number of recording devices actually deployed and
used by officers and, if applicable, the precincts in which they were used;
new text end

new text begin (3) the policies and procedures for use of portable recording systems required by
section 626.8473; and
new text end

new text begin (4) the total amount of recorded audio and video data collected by the portable
recording system and maintained by the agency, the agency's retention schedule for the
data, and the agency's procedures for destruction of the data.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 6. new text end

new text begin Use of agency-issued portable recording systems. new text end

new text begin While on duty, a peace
officer may only use a portable recording system issued and maintained by the officer's
agency in documenting the officer's activities.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 7. new text end

new text begin Authorization to access data. new text end

new text begin (a) A law enforcement agency must comply
with sections 13.05, subdivision 5, and 13.055 in the operation of portable recording
systems and in maintaining portable recording system data.
new text end

new text begin (b) The responsible authority for a law enforcement agency must establish written
procedures to ensure that law enforcement personnel have access to the portable recording
system data that are not public only if authorized in writing by the chief of police, sheriff,
or head of the law enforcement agency, or their designee, to obtain access to the data for
a legitimate, specified law enforcement purpose. Consistent with the requirements of
paragraph (c), each access must be based on a reasonable suspicion that the data are
pertinent to an active criminal investigation and must include a record of the factual
basis for the access and any associated case number, complaint, or incident that is the
basis for the access.
new text end

new text begin (c) The ability of authorized individuals to enter, update, or access portable recording
system data must be limited through the use of role-based access that corresponds to
the official duties or training level of the individual and the statutory authorization that
grants access for that purpose. All queries and responses, and all actions in which data
are entered, updated, accessed, shared, or disseminated, must be recorded in a data
audit trail. Data contained in the audit trail are public, to the extent that the data are
not otherwise classified by law.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 8. new text end

new text begin Sharing among agencies. new text end

new text begin (a) Portable recording system data that are not
public may only be shared with or disseminated to another law enforcement agency, a
government entity, or a federal agency upon meeting the standards for requesting access to
data as provided in subdivision 7.
new text end

new text begin (b) If data collected by a portable recording system are shared with another state or
local law enforcement agency under this subdivision, the agency that receives the data must
comply with all data classification, destruction, and security requirements of this section.
new text end

new text begin (c) Portable recording system data may not be shared with, disseminated to, sold to,
or traded with any other individual or entity unless explicitly authorized by this section
or other applicable law.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 9. new text end

new text begin Biennial audit. new text end

new text begin (a) A law enforcement agency must maintain records
showing the date and time portable recording system data were collected and the
applicable classification of the data. The law enforcement agency shall arrange for
an independent, biennial audit of the data to determine whether data are appropriately
classified according to this section, how the data are used, and whether they are destroyed
as required under this section, and to verify compliance with subdivisions 7 and 8. If the
commissioner of administration believes that a law enforcement agency is not complying
with this section or other applicable law, the commissioner may order a law enforcement
agency to arrange for additional independent audits. Data in the records required under
this paragraph are classified as provided in subdivision 2.
new text end

new text begin (b) The results of the audit are public. The commissioner of administration shall
review the results of the audit. If the commissioner determines that there is a pattern
of substantial noncompliance with this section by the law enforcement agency, the
agency must immediately suspend operation of all portable recording systems until the
commissioner has authorized the agency to reinstate their use. An order of suspension
under this paragraph may be issued by the commissioner upon review of the results of the
audit, upon review of the applicable provisions of this chapter, and after providing the
agency a reasonable opportunity to respond to the audit's findings.
new text end

new text begin (c) A report summarizing the results of each audit must be provided to the
commissioner of administration, to the chair and ranking minority members of the
committees of the house of representatives and the senate with jurisdiction over data
practices and public safety issues, and to the Legislative Commission on Data Practices
and Personal Data Privacy no later than 30 days following completion of the audit.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 10. new text end

new text begin Penalties for violation. new text end

new text begin In addition to any other remedies provided by
law, in the case of a willful violation of this section a law enforcement agency is subject
to exemplary damages of not less than twice the minimum, nor more than twice the
maximum allowable for exemplary damages under section 13.08, subdivision 1.
new text end

new text begin EFFECTIVE DATE. new text end

new text begin This section is effective August 1, 2016. Data collected
before the effective date of this section must be destroyed, if required by this section, no
later than 15 days after the date this section becomes effective.
new text end

Sec. 6.

new text begin [626.8473] PORTABLE RECORDING SYSTEMS ADOPTION;
WRITTEN POLICY REQUIRED.
new text end

new text begin Subdivision 1. new text end

new text begin Definition. new text end

new text begin As used in this section, "portable recording system" has
the meaning provided in section 13.825, subdivision 1.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 2. new text end

new text begin Public comment. new text end

new text begin A local law enforcement agency must provide an
opportunity for public comment before it purchases or implements a portable recording
system. At a minimum, the agency must accept public comments submitted electronically
or by mail, and the governing body with jurisdiction over the law enforcement agency
must provide an opportunity for public comment at a regularly-scheduled meeting.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 3. new text end

new text begin Written policies and procedures required. new text end

new text begin (a) The chief officer of every
state and local law enforcement agency that uses or proposes to use a portable recording
system must establish and enforce a written policy governing its use. In developing and
adopting the policy, the law enforcement agency must provide for public comment and
input as provided in subdivision 1. Use of a portable recording system without adoption of
a written policy meeting the requirements of this section is prohibited. The written policy
must be posted on the agency's Web site.
new text end

new text begin (b) At a minimum, the written policy must incorporate the following:
new text end

new text begin (1) the requirements of section 13.825 and other data classifications, access
procedures, retention policies, and data security safeguards that, at a minimum, meet the
requirements of chapter 13 and other applicable law;
new text end

new text begin (2) procedures for testing the portable recording system to ensure adequate
functioning;
new text end

new text begin (3) procedures to address a system malfunction or failure, including requirements
for documentation by the officer using the system at the time of a malfunction or failure;
new text end

new text begin (4) circumstances under which recording is mandatory, prohibited, or at the
discretion of the officer using the system;
new text end

new text begin (5) circumstances under which a data subject must be given notice of a recording;
new text end

new text begin (6) circumstances under which a recording may be ended while an investigation,
response, or incident is ongoing;
new text end

new text begin (7) procedures for the secure storage of portable recording system data and the
creation of backup copies of the data;
new text end

new text begin (8) procedures to ensure compliance and address violations of the policy, which
must include, at a minimum, supervisory or internal audits and reviews, and the employee
discipline standards for unauthorized access to data contained in section 13.09; and
new text end

new text begin (9) if applicable, any other standards for use contained in a uniform policy adopted
by the Minnesota Chiefs of Police Association, the Minnesota Sheriffs' Association, or
the Department of Public Safety.
new text end

new text begin EFFECTIVE DATE. new text end

new text begin This section is effective August 1, 2016, provided that a law
enforcement agency using a portable recording system on that date must adopt the policy
required under this section no later than January 15, 2017.
new text end

Sec. 7. new text begin LEGISLATIVE AUDITOR REVIEW.
new text end

new text begin Beginning no earlier than January 1, 2019, the legislative auditor is requested to
conduct a comprehensive review of compliance with the requirements of Minnesota
Statutes, sections 13.825 and 626.8473. Data used for purposes of the review must
include the results of the biennial audits required by Minnesota Statutes, section
13.825, subdivision 9, and may also include any other data that, in the judgment of the
legislative auditor, assists in developing a complete understanding of any compliance
or implementation issues resulting from enactment of those sections. The legislative
auditor is requested to submit the results of the comprehensive review to the legislature
no later than January 15, 2020.
new text end