as introduced - 82nd Legislature (2001 - 2002) Posted on 12/15/2009 12:00am
Engrossments | ||
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Introduction | Posted on 12/10/2001 |
1.1 A bill for an act 1.2 relating to family law; reforming and recodifying the 1.3 law relating to marriage dissolution, child custody, 1.4 child support, maintenance, and property division; 1.5 making style and form changes; amending Minnesota 1.6 Statutes 2000, sections 518.002; 518.003, subdivisions 1.7 1, 3; 518.005; 518.01; 518.02; 518.03; 518.04; 518.05; 1.8 518.055; 518.06; 518.07; 518.09; 518.10; 518.11; 1.9 518.12; 518.13; 518.131, as amended; 518.14, 1.10 subdivision 1; 518.148; 518.156; 518.157, subdivisions 1.11 1, 2, 3, 5, 6; 518.158, subdivisions 2, 4; 518.165; 1.12 518.166; 518.167, subdivisions 3, 4, 5; 518.168; 1.13 518.1705, subdivision 6; 518.1751, subdivisions 2, 2a, 1.14 2b, 2c, 3; 518.176, as amended; 518.177; 518.178; 1.15 518.179, subdivision 1; 518.24; 518.25; 518.54, 1.16 subdivisions 1, 5, 6, 7, 8; 518.55, as amended; 1.17 518.552; 518.58; 518.581; 518.582; 518.619; 518.62; 1.18 518.64, subdivision 1; 518.641, as amended; 518.642; 1.19 518.646; 518.65; Minnesota Statutes 2001 Supplement, 1.20 sections 518.155; 518.175; 518.1751, subdivision 1b; 1.21 518.18; 518.612; 518.64, subdivision 2; proposing 1.22 coding for new law in Minnesota Statutes, chapter 518; 1.23 proposing coding for new law as Minnesota Statutes, 1.24 chapters 517B; 517C; repealing Minnesota Statutes 1.25 2000, sections 518.111; 518.17; 518.171, subdivisions 1.26 2, 2a, 3, 7, 9, 10; 518.185; 518.255; 518.54, 1.27 subdivisions 2, 4a, 13, 14; 518.551, subdivisions 5a, 1.28 5b, 5c, 5d, 5f, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 13a, 14, 15; 1.29 518.5513, subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 6; 518.553; 518.57; 1.30 518.575, subdivision 2; 518.585; 518.5851, 1.31 subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; 518.5852; 518.5853, 1.32 subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; 1.33 518.61; 518.6111, subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1.34 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18; 518.614; 518.615; 1.35 518.616; 518.617; 518.618; 518.64, subdivisions 4, 4a, 1.36 5; Minnesota Statutes 2001 Supplement, sections 1.37 518.171, subdivisions 1, 4, 5, 6, 8; 518.551, 1.38 subdivisions 1, 5, 5e; 518.5513, subdivision 5; 1.39 518.575, subdivision 1; 518.5851, subdivision 7; 1.40 518.5853, subdivision 12; 518.6111, subdivisions 5, 1.41 19; 518.6195; 518.6196. 1.42 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA: 1.43 ARTICLE 1 2.1 MARRIAGE DISSOLUTION, LEGAL SEPARATION, AND ANNULMENT 2.2 Section 1. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.002, is 2.3 amended to read: 2.4 518.002 [USE TERM DISSOLUTIONMEANING OF DIVORCE.] 2.5Wherever the word"Divorce"is, as used in the statutes,it2.6 has the same meaning as "dissolution" or "dissolution of 2.7 marriage." 2.8 Sec. 2. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.003, 2.9 subdivision 1, is amended to read: 2.10 Subdivision 1. [SCOPE.]For the purposes ofThe 2.11 definitions in this section apply to this chapter, the following2.12terms have the meanings provided in this section unless the2.13context clearly requires otherwise. 2.14 Sec. 3. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.005, is 2.15 amended to read: 2.16 518.005 [RULES GOVERNING PROCEEDINGS.] 2.17 Subdivision 1. [APPLICABLE RULES.] Unless otherwise 2.18 specifically provided, the rules of civil procedure for the 2.19 district court apply to all proceedings under this chapter and 2.20 chapters 517B and 517C. 2.21 Subd. 2. [TITLE.] A proceeding for dissolution of 2.22 marriage, legal separation, or annulmentshallmust be entitled 2.23 "In re the Marriage of .......... and .......... ."A custody2.24or support proceeding shall be entitled "In re the (Custody)2.25(Support) of .......... ."2.26 Subd. 3. [NAMES OF PLEADINGS.] The initial pleading in all 2.27 proceedings undersections 518.002 to 518.66 shallthis chapter 2.28 and chapters 517B and 517C must be denominated a petition. A 2.29 responsive pleadingshallmust be denominated an answer. Other 2.30 pleadingsshallmust be denominated as provided in the rules of 2.31 civil procedure. 2.32 Subd. 4. [DECREE; JUDGMENT.] Insections 518.002 to 518.662.33 this chapter and chapters 517B and 517C, "decree" includes 2.34 "judgment." 2.35 Subd. 5. [PROHIBITED DISCLOSURE.] In all proceedings under 2.36 this chapter and chapters 517B and 517C, in which public 3.1 assistance is assigned under section 256.741 or the public 3.2 authority provides services to a party or parties to the 3.3 proceedings, notwithstanding statutory or other authorization 3.4 for the public authority to release private data on the location 3.5 of a party to the action, information on the location of one 3.6 party may not be released by the public authority to the other 3.7 party if: 3.8 (1) the public authority has knowledge that a protective 3.9 order with respect to the other party has been entered; or 3.10 (2) the public authority has reason to believe that the 3.11 release of the information may result in physical or emotional 3.12 harm to the other party. 3.13 Subd. 6. [REQUIRED NOTICE.] Every court order or judgment 3.14 and decree that provides for child support, spousal maintenance, 3.15 custody, or parenting time must contain the notices required by 3.16 section 517C.99. 3.17 Sec. 4. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.01, is 3.18 amended to read: 3.19 518.01 [VOID MARRIAGES.] 3.20All marriages which areA marriage prohibited by section 3.21 517.03shall be absolutelyis void,without any decree of 3.22 dissolution or other legal proceedings; except if a person whose 3.23 husband or wife has been absent for four successive years, 3.24 without being known to the person to be living during that time, 3.25 marries during the lifetime of the absent husband or wife, the 3.26 marriageshall beis void only from the time that its nullity is 3.27 duly adjudged. If the absentee is declared dead in accordance 3.28 with section 576.142, the subsequent marriageshallis notbe3.29 void. 3.30 Sec. 5. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.02, is 3.31 amended to read: 3.32 518.02 [VOIDABLE MARRIAGES.] 3.33 A marriageshallmust be declared a nullityunder the3.34following circumstancesif: 3.35(a)(1) a party lacked capacity to consent to the marriage 3.36 at the time the marriage was solemnized, eitherbecause of: (i) 4.1 mental incapacity or infirmityandif the other party at the 4.2 time the marriage was solemnized did not know of the incapacity; 4.3or because of(ii) the influence of alcohol, drugs, or other 4.4 incapacitating substances; orbecause(iii) consent of either 4.5washaving been obtained by force or fraudand there waswith no 4.6 subsequent voluntary cohabitation of the parties; 4.7(b)(2) a party lacks the physical capacity to consummate 4.8 the marriage by sexual intercourse and the other party at the 4.9 time the marriage was solemnized did not know of the incapacity; 4.10 or 4.11(c)(3) a party was under the age for marriage established 4.12 by section 517.02. 4.13 Sec. 6. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.03, is 4.14 amended to read: 4.15 518.03 [ACTION TO ANNUL; DECREE.] 4.16 An annulmentshallmust be commencedand, the complaint 4.17shall befiled, and proceedings had as in proceedings for 4.18 dissolution. Upon due proof of the nullity of the marriage, 4.19 itshallmust be adjudged null and void. 4.20 The provisions of sections 518.54 to 518.66 relating to 4.21 property rights of the spouses, maintenance, support, and 4.22 custody of children on dissolution of marriage are applicable to 4.23 proceedings for annulment. 4.24 Sec. 7. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.04, is 4.25 amended to read: 4.26 518.04 [INSUFFICIENT GROUNDS FOR ANNULMENT.] 4.27 No marriageshallmay be adjudged a nullity on the ground 4.28 that one of the parties was under the age of legal consent if it 4.29 appears that the parties had voluntarily cohabited together as 4.30 husband and wife after having attainedsuchthat age; nor4.31shall. The marriage ofanyan insane person must not be 4.32 adjudged void after restoration of the insane person to reason, 4.33 if it appears that the parties freely cohabited together as 4.34 husband and wife aftersuchthe restoration to reason. 4.35 Sec. 8. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.05, is 4.36 amended to read: 5.1 518.05 [ANNULMENT; WHEN TO BRING.] 5.2 An annulment may be sought by any of the following persons 5.3 and must be commenced within the times specified, but in no 5.4 event may an annulment be sought after the death of either party 5.5 to the marriage: 5.6(a) For a reason set forth in(1) under section 518.02, 5.7 clause(a)(1), by either party or by the legal representative 5.8 of the party who lacked capacity to consent, no later than 90 5.9 days after the petitioner obtained knowledge of the described 5.10 condition; 5.11(b) For the reason set forth in(2) under section 518.02, 5.12 clause(b)(2), by either party no later than one year after the 5.13 petitioner obtained knowledge of the described condition; 5.14(c) For the reason set forth in(3) under section 518.02, 5.15 clause(c)(3), by the underaged party,or the party's parent or 5.16 guardian,before the time the underaged party reaches the age at 5.17 which the party could have married without satisfying the 5.18 omitted requirement. 5.19 Sec. 9. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.055, is 5.20 amended to read: 5.21 518.055 [PUTATIVE SPOUSE.] 5.22 Any person who has cohabited with another to whom the 5.23 person is not legally married in the good faith belief that the 5.24 person was married to the other is a putative spouse until 5.25 knowledge of the fact that the person is not legally married 5.26 terminates the status and prevents acquisition of further 5.27 rights. A putative spouse acquires the rights conferred upon a 5.28 legal spouse, including the right to maintenance following 5.29 termination of the status, whether or not the marriage is 5.30 prohibited or declared a nullity. If there is a legal spouse or 5.31 other putative spouses, rights acquired by a putative spouse do 5.32 not supersede the rights of the legal spouse or those acquired 5.33 by other putative spouses, but the courtshallmust apportion 5.34 property, maintenance, and support rights among the claimants as 5.35 appropriate in the circumstances and in the interests of justice. 5.36 Sec. 10. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.06, is 6.1 amended to read: 6.2 518.06 [DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE; LEGAL SEPARATION; GROUNDS; 6.3 UNCONTESTED LEGAL SEPARATION.] 6.4 Subdivision 1. [MEANING AND EFFECTOF DECREES; GROUNDS.] A 6.5 dissolution of marriage is the termination of the marital 6.6 relationship between a husband and wife. A decree of 6.7 dissolution completely terminates the marital status of both 6.8 parties. A legal separation is a court determination of the 6.9 rights and responsibilities of a husband and wife arising out of 6.10 the marital relationship. A decree of legal separation does not 6.11 terminate the marital status of the parties. 6.12 A dissolution of a marriageshallmust be grantedby a6.13county or district court whenif the court finds that there has 6.14 been an irretrievable breakdown of the marriage relationship. A 6.15decree oflegal separationshallmust be grantedwhenif the 6.16 court finds that one or both parties need a legal separation. 6.17 Defenses to divorce, dissolution and legal separation, 6.18 including, but not limited to, condonation, connivance, 6.19 collusion, recrimination, insanity, and lapse of time, are 6.20 abolished. 6.21 Subd. 3. [UNCONTESTED LEGAL SEPARATION.] If one or both 6.22 parties petition for a decree of legal separation and neither 6.23 party contests the granting of the decree nor petitions for a 6.24 decree of dissolution, the courtshallmust grant a decree of 6.25 legal separation. 6.26 Sec. 11. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.07, is 6.27 amended to read: 6.28 518.07 [RESIDENCE OF PARTIES.] 6.29NoA dissolutionshallmust not be granted unless (1) one 6.30 of the parties has resided in this state,orhasbeen a member 6.31 of the armed services stationed in this state,fornot less than6.32 at least 180 days immediately preceding the commencement of the 6.33 proceeding; or (2) one of the parties has been a domiciliary of 6.34 this state fornot less thanat least 180 days immediately 6.35 preceding commencement of the proceeding. 6.36 Sec. 12. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.09, is 7.1 amended to read: 7.2 518.09 [PROCEEDING; HOW AND WHERE BROUGHT; VENUE.] 7.3 A proceeding for dissolution or legal separation may be 7.4 brought by either or both spouses andshall beis commenced by 7.5 personal service of the summons and petition venued in the 7.6 county where either spouse resides. If neither party resides in 7.7 the state and jurisdiction is based on the domicile of either 7.8spouseparty, the proceeding may be brought in the county where 7.9 either party is domiciled. If neither party resides or is 7.10 domiciled in this state and jurisdiction is premised upon one of 7.11 the parties being a member of the armed services stationed in 7.12 this state for not less than 180 days immediately preceding the 7.13 commencement of the proceeding, the proceeding may be brought in 7.14 the county where the member is stationed. This venueshall be7.15 is subject to the court's powerof the courtto change the place 7.16 of hearing by consent of the parties,or whenif it appears to 7.17 the court that an impartial hearing cannot be had in the county 7.18 where the proceedings are pending, orwhenif the convenience of 7.19 the parties or the ends of justice would be promoted by the 7.20 change. No summonsshall beis required if a joint petition is 7.21 filed. 7.22 Sec. 13. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.10, is 7.23 amended to read: 7.24 518.10 [REQUISITES OF PETITION.] 7.25TheA petition for dissolution of marriage or legal 7.26 separationshallmust state and allege: 7.27(a)(1) the name, address, and, in circumstances in which 7.28 child support or spousal maintenance will be addressed, social 7.29 security number of the petitioner and any prior or other name 7.30 used by the petitioner; 7.31(b)(2) the name and, if known, the address and, in 7.32 circumstances in which child support or spousal maintenance will 7.33 be addressed, social security number of the respondent and any 7.34 prior or other name used by the respondent and known to the 7.35 petitioner; 7.36(c)(3) the place and date of the marriage of the parties; 8.1(d)(4) in the case of a petition for dissolution, that 8.2 either the petitioner or the respondent or both: 8.3(1)(i) has resided in this state for not less than 180 8.4 days immediately preceding the commencement of the proceeding,8.5or; 8.6(2)(ii) has been a member of the armed services and has 8.7 been stationed in this state for not less than 180 days 8.8 immediately preceding the commencement of the proceeding,; or 8.9(3)(iii) has been a domiciliary of this state for not less 8.10 than 180 days immediately preceding the commencement of the 8.11 proceeding; 8.12(e)(5) the name at the time of the petition and any prior 8.13 or other name, social security number, age, and date of birth of 8.14 each living minor or dependent child of the parties born before 8.15 the marriage or born or adopted during the marriage and a 8.16 reference to, and the expected date of birth of, a child of the 8.17 parties conceived during the marriage but not born; 8.18(f)(6) whether or not a separate proceeding for 8.19 dissolution, legal separation, or custody is pending in a court 8.20 in this state or elsewhere; 8.21(g)(7) in the case of a petition for dissolution, that 8.22 there has been an irretrievable breakdown of the marriage 8.23 relationship; 8.24(h)(8) in the case of a petition for legal separation, 8.25 that there is a need for a decree of legal separation; 8.26(i)(9) any temporary or permanent maintenance, child 8.27 support, child custody, disposition of property, attorneys' 8.28 fees, costs and disbursements applied for without setting forth 8.29 the amounts; and 8.30(j)(10) whether an order for protection under chapter 518B 8.31 or a similar law of another state that governs the parties or a 8.32 party and a minor child of the parties is in effect and, if so, 8.33 the district court or similar jurisdiction in which it was 8.34 entered. 8.35 The petitionshallmust be verified by the petitioner or 8.36 petitioners, and its allegations established by competent 9.1 evidence. 9.2 Sec. 14. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.11, is 9.3 amended to read: 9.4 518.11 [SERVICE; ALTERNATE SERVICE; PUBLICATION.] 9.5 (a) Unless a proceeding is brought by both parties, copies 9.6 of the summons and petitionshallmust be served on the 9.7 respondent personally. 9.8 (b)WhenServiceismade out of this state and within the 9.9 United States, itmay be proved by the affidavit of the person 9.10 making thesameservice.WhenServiceismadewithout9.11 outside of the United Statesitmay be proved by the affidavit 9.12 of the person making thesameservice, taken before and 9.13 certified by any United States minister, charge d'affaires, 9.14 commissioner, consul or commercial agent, or other consular or 9.15 diplomatic officer of the United States appointed to reside 9.16 insuchthe country, includingall deputiesa deputy or other 9.17representativesrepresentative ofsuchthe officer authorized to 9.18 performtheirthe officer's duties; or before an officer 9.19 authorized to administer an oath with the certificate of an 9.20 officer of a court of record of the countrywherein suchin 9.21 which the affidavit is taken as to the identity and authority of 9.22 the officer taking thesameaffidavit. 9.23 (c) If personal service cannot be made, the court may order 9.24 service of the summons by alternate means. The application for 9.25 alternate service must include the last known location of the 9.26 respondent; the petitioner's most recent contacts with the 9.27 respondent; the last known location of the respondent's 9.28 employment; the names and locations of the respondent's parents, 9.29 siblings, children, and other close relatives; the names and 9.30 locations of other persons who are likely to know the 9.31 respondent's whereabouts; and a description of efforts to locate 9.32 those persons. 9.33 The courtshallmust consider the length of time the 9.34 respondent's location has been unknown, the likelihood that the 9.35 respondent's location will become known, the nature of the 9.36 relief sought, and the nature of efforts made to locate the 10.1 respondent. The courtshallmust order service by first class 10.2 mail, forwarding address requested, to any addresses where there 10.3 is a reasonable possibility that mail or information will be 10.4 forwarded or communicated to the respondent or, if no address so 10.5 qualifies, then to the respondent's last known address. 10.6 If the petitioner seeks disposition of real estate located 10.7within the state ofin Minnesota, the courtshallmust order 10.8 that the summons, whichshallmust contain the legal description 10.9 of the real estate, be published in the county where the real 10.10 estate is located. The court may also order publication, within 10.11 or without the state, but only if it might reasonably succeed in 10.12 notifying the respondent of the proceeding. Also, the court may 10.13 require the petitioner to make efforts to locate the respondent 10.14 by telephone calls to appropriate persons. Serviceshall beis 10.15 deemed complete 21 days after mailing or 21 days after 10.16 court-ordered publication. 10.17 Sec. 15. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.12, is 10.18 amended to read: 10.19 518.12 [TIME FOR ANSWERING.] 10.20 The respondentshall havehas 30 days in which to answer 10.21 the petition. In case of service by publication, the 30 10.22 daysshalldoes not begin to run until the expiration of the 10.23 period allowed for publication. In the case of a 10.24 counterpetition for dissolution or legal separation to a 10.25 petition for dissolution or legal separation, no answershall be10.26 is required to the counterpetition and the original 10.27 petitionershall beis deemed to have denied each and every 10.28 statement, allegation, and claim in the counterpetition. 10.29 Sec. 16. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.13, is 10.30 amended to read: 10.31 518.13 [FAILURE TO ANSWER; FINDINGS; HEARING.] 10.32 Subdivision 1. [DEFAULT.] If the respondent does not 10.33 appear after service duly made and proved, the court may hear 10.34 and determine the proceeding as a default matter. 10.35 Subd. 2. [DISPUTE OVER IRRETRIEVABLE BREAKDOWN.] If one of 10.36 the parties has denied under oath or affirmation that the 11.1 marriage is irretrievably broken, the courtshallmust consider 11.2 all relevant factors, including the circumstances that gave rise 11.3 to the commencement of the proceeding and the prospect of 11.4 reconciliation, andshallmake a finding whether the marriage is 11.5 irretrievably broken. 11.6 A finding of irretrievable breakdown under this subdivision 11.7 is a determination that there is no reasonable prospect of 11.8 reconciliation. The finding must be supported by evidence that 11.9 (i) the parties have lived separate and apart for a period of 11.10 not less than 180 days immediately preceding the commencement of 11.11 the proceeding, or (ii) there is serious marital discord 11.12 adversely affecting the attitude of one or both of the parties 11.13 toward the marriage. 11.14 Subd. 3. [AGREEMENT OVER IRRETRIEVABLE BREAKDOWN.] If both 11.15 parties by petition or otherwise have stated under oath or 11.16 affirmation that the marriage is irretrievably broken,or one of 11.17 the parties has so stated and the other has not denied it, the 11.18 court, after hearing,shallmust make a finding that the 11.19 marriage is irretrievably broken. 11.20 Subd. 4. [REFEREE; OPEN COURT.] The court or judge, upon 11.21 application, may refer the proceeding to a referee to take and 11.22 report the evidencetherein. Hearings for dissolution of 11.23 marriageshallmust be heard in open court or before a referee 11.24 appointed by the court to receive the testimony of the 11.25 witnesses,or depositions taken as in other equitable actions. 11.26 However, the court may in its discretion close the hearing. 11.27 Subd. 5. [APPROVAL WITHOUT HEARING.] Proposed findings of 11.28 fact, conclusions of law, order for judgment, and judgment and 11.29 decree must be submitted to the court for approval and filing 11.30 without a final hearing in the following situations: 11.31 (1) if there are no minor children of the marriage, and (i) 11.32 the parties have entered into a written stipulation, or (ii) the 11.33 respondent has not appeared after service duly made and proved 11.34 by affidavit and at least 20 days have elapsed since the time 11.35 for answering under section 518.12 expired; or 11.36 (2) if there are minor children of the marriage, the 12.1 parties have signed and acknowledged a stipulation, and all 12.2 parties are represented by counsel. 12.3 Notwithstanding clause (1) or (2), the courtshallmust 12.4 schedule the matter for hearingin any case whereif the 12.5 proposed judgment and decree does not appear to be in the best 12.6 interests of the minor children or is contrary to the interests 12.7 of justice. 12.8 Sec. 17. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.131, as 12.9 amended by Laws 2001, chapters 51, section 1, and 7, section 85, 12.10 is amended to read: 12.11 518.131 [TEMPORARY ORDERS AND RESTRAINING ORDERS.] 12.12 Subdivision 1. [PERMISSIBLE ORDERS.] In a proceeding 12.13 brought for custody, dissolution, or legal separation, or for 12.14 disposition of property,or maintenance, or child support12.15 following the dissolution of a marriage, either party may, by 12.16 motion, request from the court and the court may grant a 12.17 temporary order pending the final disposition of the proceeding 12.18 to or for: 12.19(a)(1) temporary custody and parenting time regarding the 12.20 minor children of the parties; 12.21(b)(2) temporary maintenance of either spouse; 12.22(c) temporary child support for the children of the12.23parties;12.24(d)(3) temporary costs and reasonable attorney fees; 12.25(e) award the(4) temporary use and possession, exclusive 12.26 or otherwise, of the family home, furniture, household goods, 12.27 automobiles, and other property of the parties; 12.28(f)(5) restrain one or both parties from transferring, 12.29 encumbering, concealing, or disposing of property except in the 12.30 usual course of business or for the necessities of life, and to 12.31 account to the court for all such transfers, encumbrances, 12.32 dispositions, and expenditures made after the order is served or 12.33 communicated to the party restrained in open court; 12.34(g)(6) restrain one or both parties from harassing, 12.35 vilifying, mistreating, molesting, disturbing the peace, or 12.36 restraining the liberty of the other party or the children of 13.1 the parties; 13.2(h)(7) restrain one or both parties from removing any 13.3 minor child of the parties from the jurisdiction of the court; 13.4(i)(8) exclude a party from the family home of the parties 13.5 or from the home of the other party; and 13.6(j)(9) require one or both of the parties to perform or to 13.7 not performsuchadditional actsasthat will facilitate the 13.8 just and speedy disposition of the proceeding,orwillprotect 13.9 the parties or their children from physical or emotional harm. 13.10 Subd. 2. [IMPERMISSIBLE ORDERS.]NoA temporary order 13.11shallmust not: 13.12(a)(1) deny parenting time to a parent unless the court 13.13 finds that the parenting time is likely to cause physical or 13.14 emotional harm to the child; 13.15(b)(2) exclude a party from the family home of the parties 13.16 unless the court finds that physical or emotional harm to one of 13.17 the parties or to the children of the parties is likely to 13.18 result, or that the exclusion is reasonable in the 13.19 circumstances; or 13.20(c)(3) vacate or modify an order granted under section 13.21 518B.01, subdivision 6, paragraph (a), clause (1), restraining 13.22 an abusing party from committing acts of domestic abuse, except 13.23 that the court may hear a motion for modification of an order 13.24 for protection concurrently with a proceeding for dissolution of 13.25 marriage upon notice of motion and motion. The notice required 13.26 by court ruleshallmust not be waived. If the proceedings are 13.27 consolidated and the motion to modify is granted, a separate 13.28 order for modification of an order for protectionshallmust be 13.29 issued. 13.30 Subd. 3. [EX PARTE RESTRAINING ORDER; LIMITATIONS.] A 13.31 party may request and the court may make an ex parte restraining 13.32 orderwhich may includethat includes any matter that may be 13.33 included in a temporary order except it may not: 13.34(a) A restraining order may not(1) exclude either party 13.35 from the family home of the parties except upon a finding by the 13.36 court of immediate danger of physical harm to the other party or 14.1 the children of either party;andor 14.2(b) A restraining order may not(2) deny parenting time to 14.3 either party or grant custody of the minor children to either 14.4 party except upon a finding by the court of immediate danger of 14.5 physical harm to the minor children of the parties. 14.6 Subd. 4. [HEARING ON RESTRAINING ORDER; DURATION.] A 14.7 restrainingorders shallorder must be personally served upon 14.8 the party to be restrainedand shall be accompaniedalong with a 14.9 notice of the time and place of hearing for disposition of the 14.10 matters contained in the restraining order at a hearing for a 14.11 temporary order.WhenIf a restraining order has been issued, a 14.12 hearing on the temporary ordershallmust be held at the 14.13 earliest practicable date. The restrained party may upon 14.14 written notice to the other party advance the hearing date to a 14.15 time earlier than that noticed by the other party. The 14.16 restraining ordershall continuecontinues in full force and 14.17 effect only until the hearing time noticed, unless the court, 14.18 for good cause and upon notice, extends the time for hearing. 14.19 Subd. 5. [DURATION OF TEMPORARY ORDER.] A temporary order 14.20shall continuecontinues in full force and effect until the 14.21 earlier of its amendment or vacation, dismissal of the main 14.22 action, or entry of a final decree of dissolution or legal 14.23 separation. 14.24 Subd. 6. [EFFECT OF DISMISSAL OF MAIN ACTION.] If a 14.25 proceeding for dissolution or legal separation is dismissed, a 14.26 temporary custody order is vacated unless one of the parties or 14.27 the child's custodian moves that the proceeding continue as a 14.28 custody proceeding and the court finds, after a hearing, that 14.29 the circumstances of the parties and the best interests of the 14.30 child require that a custody order be issued. 14.31 Subd. 7. [GUIDING FACTORS.] The courtshallmust be guided 14.32 by the factors set forth in sections518.551 (concerning child14.33support),518.552 (concerning maintenance), 518.17 to 518.175 14.34 (concerning custody and parenting time), and 518.14 (concerning 14.35 costs and attorney fees) in making temporary orders and 14.36 restraining orders. 15.1 Subd. 8. [BASIS FOR ORDER.] Temporary ordersshallmust be 15.2 made solely on the basis of affidavits and argument of counsel 15.3 except upon demand by either party in a motion or responsive 15.4 motion made within the time limit for making and filing a 15.5 responsive motion that the matter be heard on oral testimony 15.6 before the court, or if the court in its discretion orders the 15.7 taking of oral testimony. 15.8 Subd. 9. [PREJUDICIAL EFFECT, REVOCATION; MODIFICATION.] A 15.9 temporary order or restraining order: 15.10(a) Shall(1) must not prejudice the rights of the parties 15.11 or the child which are to be adjudicated at subsequent hearings 15.12 in the proceeding; and 15.13(b)(2) may be revoked or modified by the court before the 15.14 final disposition of the proceeding upon the same grounds and 15.15 subject to the same requirements as the initial granting of the 15.16 order. 15.17 Subd. 10. [MISDEMEANOR.] In addition to being punishable 15.18 by contempt, a violation of a provision of a temporary order or 15.19 restraining order granting the relief authorized in subdivision 15.20 1, clause(g)(6),(h)(7), or(i)(8), is a misdemeanor. 15.21 Subd. 11. [TEMPORARYSUPPORT ANDMAINTENANCE.] Temporary 15.22support andmaintenance may be ordered during the time a 15.23 parenting plan is being developed under section 518.1705. 15.24 Sec. 18. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.14, 15.25 subdivision 1, is amended to read: 15.26 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL.] (a) Except as provided in 15.27 subdivision 2, in a proceeding under this chapter or chapter 15.28 517B or 517C, the courtshallmust award attorney fees, costs, 15.29 and disbursements in an amount necessary to enable a party to 15.30 carry on or contest the proceeding,providedif it finds that: 15.31 (1)thatthe fees are necessary for the good-faith 15.32 assertion of the party's rights in the proceeding and will not 15.33 contribute unnecessarily to the length and expense of the 15.34 proceeding; 15.35 (2)thatthe party from whom fees, costs, and disbursements 15.36 are sought has the means to pay them; and 16.1 (3)thatthe party to whom fees, costs, and disbursements 16.2 are awarded does not have the means to pay them. 16.3 (b) Nothing in this section precludes the court from 16.4 awarding, in its discretion, additional fees, costs, and 16.5 disbursements against a party who unreasonably contributes to 16.6 the length or expense of the proceeding. Fees, costs, and 16.7 disbursements provided for in this section may be awarded at any 16.8 point in the proceeding, including a modification proceeding 16.9 under sections 518.18 and 518.64. The court may adjudge costs 16.10 and disbursements against either party. The court may authorize 16.11 the collection of money awarded by execution,orout of property 16.12 sequestered, or in any other manner within the power of the 16.13 court. An award of attorney's fees made by the court during the 16.14 pendency of the proceeding or in the final judgment survives the 16.15 proceeding and if not paid by the party directed to paythe same16.16 them may be enforcedas above providedin the manner provided in 16.17 this paragraph or by a separate civil action brought in the 16.18 attorney's own name. If the proceeding is dismissed or 16.19 abandoned prior to determination and award of attorney's fees, 16.20 the court may nevertheless award attorney's fees upon the 16.21 attorney's motion. The awardshall also survivesurvives the 16.22 proceeding and may be enforced in thesamemanneras last above16.23 provided in this paragraph. 16.24 Sec. 19. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.148, is 16.25 amended to read: 16.26 518.148 [CERTIFICATION OF DISSOLUTION.] 16.27 Subdivision 1. [CERTIFICATE OF DISSOLUTION.] An attorney 16.28 or pro se party may prepare and submit to the court a separate 16.29 certificate of dissolution to be attached to the judgment and 16.30 decree at the time of granting the dissolution of marriage. 16.31 Upon approval by the court and filing of the certificate of 16.32 dissolution with the court administrator, the court 16.33 administratorshallmust provide to any party upon request 16.34 certified copies of the certificate of dissolution. 16.35 Subd. 2. [REQUIRED INFORMATION.] The certificateshall16.36 must include the following information: 17.1 (1) the full caption and file number of the case and the 17.2 title "Certificate of Dissolution"; 17.3 (2) the names and any prior or other names of the parties 17.4 to the dissolution; 17.5 (3) the names of any living minor or dependent children as 17.6 identified in the judgment and decree; 17.7 (4) that the marriage of the parties is dissolved; 17.8 (5) the date of the judgment and decree; and 17.9 (6) the social security number of the parties to the 17.10 dissolution and the social security number of any living minor 17.11 or dependent children identified in the judgment and decree. 17.12 Subd. 3. [CERTIFICATION.] The certificate of 17.13 dissolutionshall beis conclusive evidence of the facts recited 17.14 in the certificate. 17.15 Sec. 20. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.24, is 17.16 amended to read: 17.17 518.24 [SECURITY; SEQUESTRATION; CONTEMPT.] 17.18In all cases whenIf maintenanceor supportpayments are 17.19 ordered, the court may require sufficient security to be given 17.20 for the payment of them according to the terms of the order. 17.21 Upon neglect or refusal to give security,oruponfailure to pay 17.22 the maintenanceor support, the court may sequester the 17.23 obligor's personal estate and the rents and profits of real 17.24 estate of the obligor,and appoint a receiver of them. The 17.25 court may cause the personal estate and the rents and profits of 17.26 the real estate to be applied according to the terms of the 17.27 order. The obligor is presumed to have an income from a source 17.28 sufficient to pay the maintenanceor supportorder. Achild17.29support ormaintenance order constitutes prima facie evidence 17.30 that the obligor has the ability to pay the award. If the 17.31 obligor disobeys the order, it is prima facie evidence of 17.32 contempt. The court may cite the obligor for contempt under 17.33 this section, section 518.617, or chapter 588. 17.34 Sec. 21. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.25, is 17.35 amended to read: 17.36 518.25 [REMARRIAGE; REVOCATION.] 18.1When a dissolution has been granted, and the parties18.2afterward intermarryIf two people remarry each other after 18.3 dissolution of their prior marriage, the court, upon their joint 18.4 application,anduponsatisfactory proof ofsuchthe marriage, 18.5 may revoke all decrees and orders of dissolution, maintenance, 18.6 and subsistencewhich willthat do not affect the rights of 18.7 third persons. 18.8 Sec. 22. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.54, 18.9 subdivision 1, is amended to read: 18.10 Subdivision 1. [TERMSSCOPE.]For the purposes of sections18.11518.54 to 518.66, the terms definedThe definitions in this 18.12 sectionshall have the meanings respectively ascribed to18.13themapply to sections 517A.30 to 517A.46. 18.14 Sec. 23. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.54, 18.15 subdivision 5, is amended to read: 18.16 Subd. 5. [MARITAL PROPERTY; EXCEPTIONS.] "Marital 18.17 property" meansproperty,real or personal property, including 18.18 vested public or private pension plan benefits or rights, 18.19 acquired by one or both of the parties, or either of them,to a 18.20 dissolution, legal separation, or annulment proceeding at any 18.21 time during the existence of the marriage relation between them, 18.22 or at any time during which the parties were living together as 18.23 husband and wife under a purported marriage relationship which 18.24 is annulled in an annulment proceeding, but prior to the date of 18.25 valuation under section 518.58, subdivision 1. All property 18.26 acquired by either spouse subsequent to the marriage and before 18.27 the valuation date is presumed to be marital property regardless 18.28 of whether title is held individually or by the spouses in a 18.29 form of coownership such as joint tenancy, tenancy in common, 18.30 tenancy by the entirety, or community property. Each 18.31 spouseshall beis deemed to have a common ownership in marital 18.32 property that vests not later than the time of the entry of the 18.33 decree in a proceeding for dissolution or annulment. The extent 18.34 of the vested interestshallmust be determined and made final 18.35 by the court pursuant to section 518.58. If a title interest in 18.36 real property is held individually by only one spouse, the 19.1 interest in the real property of the nontitled spouse is not 19.2 subject to claims of creditors or judgment or tax liens until 19.3 the time of entry of the decree awarding an interest to the 19.4 nontitled spouse. The presumption of marital property is 19.5 overcome by a showing that the property is nonmarital property. 19.6 "Nonmarital property" means property real or personal, 19.7 acquired by either spouse before, during, or after the existence 19.8 of their marriage, which: 19.9(a)(1) is acquired as a gift, bequest, devise, or 19.10 inheritance made by a third party to one but not to the other 19.11 spouse; 19.12(b)(2) is acquired before the marriage; 19.13(c)(3) is acquired in exchange for or is the increase in 19.14 value of property which is described inclauses (a), (b), (d),19.15and (e)clause (1), (2), (4), or (5); 19.16(d)(4) is acquired by a spouse after the valuation date; 19.17 or 19.18(e)(5) is excluded by a valid antenuptial contract. 19.19 Sec. 24. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.54, 19.20 subdivision 6, is amended to read: 19.21 Subd. 6. [INCOME.] "Income" means any form of periodic 19.22 payment to an individual including, but not limited to, wages, 19.23 salaries, payments to an independent contractor, workers' 19.24 compensation, unemployment benefits, and annuity, militaryand19.25 or naval retirement, pensionandor disability payments. 19.26 "Income" does not include benefits received under Title IV-A of 19.27 the Social Security Actandor chapter 256Jare not income under19.28this section. 19.29 Sec. 25. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.54, 19.30 subdivision 7, is amended to read: 19.31 Subd. 7. [OBLIGEE.] "Obligee" means a person to whom 19.32 payments for maintenanceor supportare owed. 19.33 Sec. 26. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.54, 19.34 subdivision 8, is amended to read: 19.35 Subd. 8. [OBLIGOR.] "Obligor" means a person obligated to 19.36 pay maintenanceor support.A person who is designated as the20.1sole physical custodian of a child is presumed not to be an20.2obligor for purposes of calculating current support under20.3section 518.551 unless the court makes specific written findings20.4to overcome this presumption.20.5 Sec. 27. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.55, as 20.6 amended by Laws 2001, chapter 51, section 12, is amended to read: 20.7 518.55 [MAINTENANCE OR SUPPORT MONEY.] 20.8 Subdivision 1. [CONTENTS OF ORDER.] Every award of 20.9 maintenance or support money in a judgment of dissolution or 20.10 legal separationshallmust clearly designate whetherthe same20.11 it is maintenance or support money, or what part of the award is 20.12 maintenance and what part is support money. An award of 20.13 payments from future income or earnings of the parent with whom 20.14 the child resides is presumed to be maintenance and an award of 20.15 payments from the future income or earnings of the parent with 20.16 whom the child does not reside is presumed to be support money, 20.17 unless otherwise designated by the court. In a judgment of 20.18 dissolution or legal separation the court may determine, as one 20.19 of the issues of the case, whether or not either spouse is 20.20 entitled to an award of maintenance notwithstanding that no 20.21 award is then made, or it may reserve jurisdiction of the issue 20.22 of maintenance for determination at a later date. 20.23 Subd. 3. [NOTICE OF ADDRESS OR RESIDENCE CHANGE.] Every 20.24 obligorshallmust notify the obligee and the public authority 20.25 responsible for collection, if applicable, of a change of 20.26 address or residence within 60 days of the address or residence 20.27 change. Every order forsupport ormaintenance must contain a 20.28 conspicuous notice complying with section 518.68, subdivision 20.29 2. The court may waive or modify the requirements of this 20.30 subdivision by order if necessary to protect the obligor from 20.31 contact by the obligee. 20.32 Subd. 4. [DETERMINATION OF CONTROLLING ORDER.] The public 20.33 authority or a party may request the district court to determine 20.34 a controlling order in situations in which more than one order 20.35 involving the same obligor and child exists. 20.36 Sec. 28. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.552, is 21.1 amended to read: 21.2 518.552 [MAINTENANCE.] 21.3 Subdivision 1. [JURISDICTION; GROUNDS.] In a proceeding 21.4 for dissolution of marriage or legal separation, or in a 21.5 proceeding for maintenance following dissolution of the marriage 21.6 by a court which lacked personal jurisdiction over the absent 21.7 spouse and which has since acquired jurisdiction, the court may 21.8 grant a maintenance order for either spouse if it finds that the 21.9 spouse seeking maintenance: 21.10(a)(1) lacks sufficient property, including marital 21.11 property apportioned to the spouse, to provide for reasonable 21.12 needs of the spouse considering the standard of living 21.13 established during the marriage, especially, but not limited to, 21.14 a period of training or education,; or 21.15(b)(2) is unable to provide adequate self-support, after 21.16 considering the standard of living established during the 21.17 marriage and all relevant circumstances, through appropriate 21.18 employment,; oris the custodian of21.19 (3) if a childwhoseresides with the spouse and the 21.20 child's condition or circumstances make it appropriate that 21.21 thecustodianspouse not be required to seek employment outside 21.22 the home. 21.23 Subd. 2. [AMOUNT; DURATION.] The maintenance ordershall21.24 must be in amounts and for periodsof time, either temporary or 21.25 permanent,asthat the court deems just, without regard to 21.26 marital misconduct,and after considering all relevant factors 21.27 including: 21.28(a)(1) the financial resources of the party seeking 21.29 maintenance, including marital property apportioned to the 21.30 party, and the party's ability to meet needs independently, 21.31 including the extent to which a provision for support of a child 21.32 living with the party includes a sum for that party ascustodian21.33 caretaker; 21.34(b)(2) the time necessary to acquire sufficient education 21.35 or training to enable the party seeking maintenance to find 21.36 appropriate employment, and the probability, given the party's 22.1 age and skills, of completing education or training and becoming 22.2 fully or partially self-supporting; 22.3(c)(3) the standard of living established during the 22.4 marriage; 22.5(d)(4) the duration of the marriage and, in the case of a 22.6 homemaker, the length of absence from employment and the extent 22.7 to which any education, skills, or experience have become 22.8 outmoded and earning capacity has become permanently diminished; 22.9(e)(5) the loss of earnings, seniority, retirement 22.10 benefits, and other employment opportunities forgone by the 22.11 spouse seekingspousalmaintenance; 22.12(f)(6) the age,and the physical and emotional condition 22.13 of the spouse seeking maintenance; 22.14(g)(7) the ability of the spouse from whom maintenance is 22.15 sought to meet needs while meeting those of the spouse seeking 22.16 maintenance; and 22.17(h)(8) the contribution of each party in the acquisition, 22.18 preservation, depreciation, or appreciation in the amount or 22.19 value of the marital property, as well as the contribution of a 22.20 spouse as a homemaker or in furtherance of the other party's 22.21 employment or business. 22.22 Subd. 3. [PERMANENCY OF AWARD.]Nothing inThis section 22.23shallmust not be construed to favor a temporary award of 22.24 maintenance over a permanent award, whereif the factors under 22.25 subdivision 2 justify a permanent award. 22.26WhereIf there is some uncertainty as to the necessity of a 22.27 permanent award, the courtshallmust order a permanent award 22.28 leaving its order open for later modification. 22.29 Subd. 4. [REOPENING MAINTENANCE AWARDS.] Section 518.145, 22.30 subdivision 2, applies to maintenance awardsof spousal22.31maintenance. 22.32 Subd. 5. [PRIVATE AGREEMENTS.] The parties may expressly 22.33 preclude or limit modification of maintenance through a 22.34 stipulation,if the court makes specific findings that the 22.35 stipulation is fairand, equitable,isand supported by 22.36 consideration described in the findings,and that full 23.1 disclosure of each party's financial circumstances has 23.2 occurred. The stipulation must be made a part of the judgment 23.3 and decree. 23.4 Sec. 29. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.58, is 23.5 amended to read: 23.6 518.58 [DIVISION OF MARITAL PROPERTY.] 23.7 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL.] Upon a dissolution of a 23.8 marriage, an annulment, or in a proceeding for disposition of 23.9 property following a dissolution of marriage by a court which 23.10 lacked personal jurisdiction over the absent spouse or lacked 23.11 jurisdiction to dispose of the property and which has since 23.12 acquired jurisdiction, the courtshallmust make a just and 23.13 equitable division of the marital property of the parties 23.14 without regard to marital misconduct, after making findings 23.15 regarding the division of the property. The courtshallmust 23.16 base its findings on all relevant factors including the length 23.17 of the marriage, any prior marriage of a party, the age, health, 23.18 station, occupation, amount and sources of income, vocational 23.19 skills, employability, estate, liabilities, needs, opportunity 23.20 for future acquisition of capital assets, and income of each 23.21 party. The courtshallmust also consider the contribution of 23.22 each in the acquisition, preservation, depreciation, or 23.23 appreciation in the amount or value of the marital property, as 23.24 well as the contribution of a spouse as a homemaker. Itshall23.25beis conclusively presumed that each spouse made a substantial 23.26 contribution to the acquisition of income and property while 23.27 they were living together as husband and wife. The court may 23.28 also award to either spouse the household goods and furniture of 23.29 the parties, whether or not acquired during the marriage. The 23.30 courtshallmust value marital assets for purposes of division 23.31 between the parties as of the day of the initially scheduled 23.32 prehearing settlement conference, unless a different date is 23.33 agreed upon by the parties,orunlessthe court makes specific 23.34 findings that another date of valuation is fair and equitable. 23.35 If there is a substantial change in value of an asset between 23.36 the date of valuation and the final distribution, the court may 24.1 adjust the valuation of that asset as necessary to effect an 24.2 equitable distribution. 24.3 Subd. 1a. [TRANSFER, ENCUMBRANCE, CONCEALMENT, OR 24.4 DISPOSITION OF MARITAL ASSETS.] In contemplation of commencing 24.5 or during the pendency of a marriage dissolution, separation, or 24.6 annulment proceeding,or in contemplation of commencing a24.7marriage dissolution, separation, or annulment proceeding,each 24.8 party owes a fiduciary duty to the other for any profit or loss 24.9 derived by the party, without the consent of the other, from a 24.10 transaction or from any use by the party of the marital assets. 24.11 If the court finds that a party to a marriage, without consent 24.12 of the other party, has in contemplation of commencing,or 24.13 during the pendency of,the current dissolution, separation, or 24.14 annulment proceeding, transferred, encumbered, concealed, or 24.15 disposed of marital assets except in the usual course of 24.16 business or for the necessities of life, the courtshallmust 24.17 compensate the other party by placing both parties in the same 24.18 position that they would have been in had the transfer, 24.19 encumbrance, concealment, or disposal not occurred. The burden 24.20 of proof under this subdivision is on the party claiming that 24.21 the other party transferred, encumbered, concealed, or disposed 24.22 of marital assets in contemplation of commencing or during the 24.23 pendency of the current dissolution, separation, or annulment 24.24 proceeding,without consent of the claiming party, and that the 24.25 transfer, encumbrance, concealment, or disposal was not in the 24.26 usual course of business or for the necessities of life. In 24.27 compensating a party under this section, the court, in dividing 24.28 the marital property, may impute the entire value of an asset 24.29 and a fair return on the asset to the party who transferred, 24.30 encumbered, concealed, or disposed of it. Use of a power of 24.31 attorney,or the absence of a restraining order against the 24.32 transfer, encumbrance, concealment, or disposal of marital 24.33 property is not available as a defense under this subdivision. 24.34 Subd. 2. [AWARD OF NONMARITAL PROPERTY.] If the court 24.35 finds that either spouse's resources or property, including the 24.36 spouse's portion of the marital property as defined in section 25.1 518.54, subdivision 5, are so inadequate as to work an unfair 25.2 hardship, considering all relevant circumstances, the court may, 25.3 in addition to the marital property, apportion up to one-half of 25.4 the property otherwise excluded under section 518.54, 25.5 subdivision 5, clauses (a) to (d), to prevent the unfair 25.6 hardship. If the court apportions property other than marital 25.7 property, itshallmust make findings in support of the 25.8 apportionment. The findingsshallmust be based on all relevant 25.9 factors including the length of the marriage, any prior marriage 25.10 of a party, the age, health, station, occupation, amount and 25.11 sources of income, vocational skills, employability, estate, 25.12 liabilities, needs, and opportunity for future acquisition of 25.13 capital assets and income of each party. 25.14 Subd. 3. [SALE OR DISTRIBUTION WHILE PROCEEDING PENDING.] 25.15 (a) If the court finds that it is necessary to preserve the 25.16 marital assets of the parties, the court may order the sale of 25.17 the homestead of the parties or the sale of other marital 25.18 assets, as the individual circumstances may require, during the 25.19 pendency of a proceeding for a dissolution of marriage or an 25.20 annulment. If the court orders a sale, it may further provide 25.21 for the disposition of the funds received from the sale during 25.22 the pendency of the proceeding. If liquid or readily liquidated 25.23 marital property other than property representing vested pension 25.24 benefits or rights is available, the court, so far as possible, 25.25shallmust divide the property representing vested pension 25.26 benefits or rights by the disposition of an equivalent amount of 25.27 the liquid or readily liquidated property. 25.28 (b) The court may order a partial distribution of marital 25.29 assets during the pendency of a proceeding for a dissolution of 25.30 marriage or an annulment for good cause shown or upon the 25.31 request of both parties, provided thatas long as the court 25.32shallfullyprotectprotects the interests of the other party. 25.33 Subd. 4. [PENSION PLANS.] (a) The division of marital 25.34 property that represents pension plan benefits or rights in the 25.35 form of future pension plan payments: 25.36 (1) is payable only to the extent of the amount of the 26.1 pension plan benefit payable under the terms of the plan; 26.2 (2) is not payable for a period that exceeds the time that 26.3 pension plan benefits are payable to the pension plan benefit 26.4 recipient; 26.5 (3) is not payable in a lump sum amount from pension plan 26.6 assets attributable in any fashion to a spouse with the status 26.7 of an active member, deferred retiree, or benefit recipient of a 26.8 pension plan; 26.9 (4) if the former spouse to whom the payments are to be 26.10 made dies prior to the end of the specified payment period with 26.11 the right to any remaining payments accruing to an estate or to 26.12 more than one survivor, is payable only to a trustee on behalf 26.13 of the estate or the group of survivors for subsequent 26.14 apportionment by the trustee; and 26.15 (5) in the case of public pension plan benefits or rights, 26.16 may not commence until the public plan member submits a valid 26.17 application for a public pension plan benefit and the benefit 26.18 becomes payable. 26.19 (b)TheAn individual retirement accountplansplan 26.20 established under chapter 354B may provide in its plan document, 26.21 if published and made generally available, for an alternative 26.22 marital property division or distribution of individual 26.23 retirement account plan assets. If an alternative division or 26.24 distribution procedure is provided, it applies in place of 26.25 paragraph (a), clause (5). 26.26 Sec. 30. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.581, is 26.27 amended to read: 26.28 518.581 [SURVIVING SPOUSE BENEFIT.] 26.29 Subdivision 1. [AWARD OF BENEFIT.] If a current or former 26.30 employee's marriage is dissolved, the court may order the 26.31 employee, the employee's pension plan, or both, to pay amounts 26.32 as part of the division of pension rights that the court may 26.33 make under section 518.58, or as an award of maintenance in the 26.34 form of a percentage of periodic or other payments or in the 26.35 form of a fixed dollar amount. The court may, as part of the 26.36 order, award a former spouse all or part of a survivor benefit 27.1 unless the plan does not allow by law the payment of a surviving 27.2 spouse benefit to a former spouse. 27.3 Subd. 2. [PAYMENT OF FUNDS BY RETIREMENT PLAN.] (a) If the 27.4 court has ordered that a spouse has an interest in a pension 27.5 plan, the court may order the pension plan to withhold payment 27.6 of a refund upon termination of employment or lump sum 27.7 distribution to the extent of the spouse's interest in the plan,27.8 or to provide survivor benefits ordered by the court. 27.9 (b) The court may not order the pension plan to: 27.10 (1) pay more than the equivalent of one surviving spouse 27.11 benefit, regardless of the number of spouses or former spouses 27.12 who may be sharing in a portion of the total benefit; 27.13 (2) pay surviving spouse benefits under circumstances where 27.14 the plan member does not have a right to elect surviving spouse 27.15 benefits; 27.16 (3) pay surviving spouse benefits to a former spouse if the 27.17 former spouse would not be eligible for benefits under the terms 27.18 of the plan; or 27.19 (4) order survivor benefits which, when combined with the 27.20 annuity or benefit payable to the pension plan member, exceed 27.21 the actuarial equivalent value of the normal retirement annuity 27.22 form, determined under the plan documents of the pension plan 27.23 then in effect and the actuarial assumptions then in effect for 27.24 calculating optional annuity forms by the pension plan or for 27.25 calculating the funding requirements of the pension plan if no 27.26 optional annuity forms are provided by the pension plan. 27.27 (c) If more than one spouse or former spouse is entitled to 27.28 a surviving spouse benefit, the pension planshallmust pay each 27.29 spouse a portion of the benefit based on the ratio of the number 27.30 of years the spouse was married to the plan member to the total 27.31 number of years the plan member was married to spouses who are 27.32 entitled to the benefit. 27.33 Subd. 3. [NOTICE TO FORMER SPOUSE.] A pension plan 27.34shallmust notify a former spouse of an application by the 27.35 employee for a refund of pension benefits if the former spouse 27.36 has filed with the pension plan: 28.1 (1) a copy of the court order, including a withholding 28.2 order, determining the former spouse's rights; 28.3 (2) the name and last known address of the employee; and 28.4 (3) the name and address of the former spouse. 28.5 A pension planshallmust comply with an order, including a 28.6 withholding order, issued by a court having jurisdiction over 28.7 dissolution of marriage that is served on the pension plan, if 28.8 the order states the name, last known address of the payees, and 28.9 name and address of the former spouse,or if the names and 28.10 addresses are provided to the pension plan with service of the 28.11 order. 28.12 Subd. 4. [DEFINITIONS.]For purposes ofThe definitions in 28.13 this subdivision apply to this section, the following terms have28.14the meanings given in this subdivision. 28.15 (a) "Current or former employee" or "employee" means an 28.16 individual who has an interest in a pension plan. 28.17 (b) "Surviving spouse benefit" means (1) a benefit a 28.18 surviving spouse may be eligible for under the laws and bylaws 28.19 of the pension plan if the employee dies before retirement, or 28.20 (2) a benefit selected for or available to a surviving spouse 28.21 under the laws and bylaws of the pension plan upon the death of 28.22 the employee after retirement. 28.23 Sec. 31. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.582, is 28.24 amended to read: 28.25 518.582 [PROCEDURE FOR VALUING PENSION BENEFITS OR RIGHTS.] 28.26 Subdivision 1. [APPOINTMENT OF ACTUARY.]EachA court of 28.27 this statethat haswith jurisdiction to decide marriage 28.28 dissolution matters may appoint a qualified person experienced 28.29 in the valuation of pension benefits and rights to function as 28.30 an expert witness in valuing pension benefits or rights. 28.31 Subd. 2. [STANDARDS.] (a) A court appointed actuaryshall28.32 must determine the present value of pension benefits or rights 28.33 that are marital property of the parties to the action: 28.34 (1) based on the applicable plan documents of the pension 28.35 plan and the applicable actuarial assumptions specified for use 28.36 in calculating optional annuity forms by the pension plan or for 29.1 funding the pension plan, if reasonable,; or 29.2 (2) as specified by the court. 29.3 (b) The court appointed actuaryshallmust report to the 29.4 court and to the parties the present value of the pension 29.5 benefits or rights that are marital property. 29.6 Subd. 3. [COMPENSATION.] The court appointed actuary may 29.7 be compensated at a rate established by the court. The 29.8 compensation of the court appointed actuaryshallmust be 29.9 allocated between the parties as the court directs. 29.10 Subd. 4. [STIPULATION.] In lieu of valuing pension 29.11 benefits or rights through use of the court appointed actuary, 29.12 the parties may stipulate the present value of pension benefits 29.13 or rights that are marital property. 29.14 Sec. 32. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.62, is 29.15 amended to read: 29.16 518.62 [TEMPORARY ORDER; MAINTENANCE; HOMESTEAD.] 29.17 Temporary maintenanceand temporary supportmay be awarded 29.18 as provided in section 518.131. The court may also award to 29.19 either party to the proceeding, having due regard to all the 29.20 circumstances and the party awarded the custody of the children, 29.21 the right to the exclusive use of the household goods and 29.22 furniture of the parties pending the proceeding and the right to 29.23 the use of the homestead of the parties, exclusive or otherwise, 29.24 pending the proceeding. The court may order either party to 29.25 remove from the homestead of the parties upon proper application 29.26 to the court for an order pending the proceeding. 29.27 Sec. 33. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.64, 29.28 subdivision 1, is amended to read: 29.29 Subdivision 1. [AUTHORITY.] (a) After an order for 29.30 temporary or permanent maintenanceor support money, temporary29.31or permanent,or for the appointment of trustees to receive 29.32 property awarded as maintenanceor support money, the court may29.33from time to time, on motion of either of the parties, either 29.34 party or the public authority responsible for support 29.35 enforcement may move for modification. A copy ofwhich isa 29.36 motion by a party must be served on the public authority 30.1 responsible forchildsupport enforcement if payments are made 30.2 through it, or on motion of the public authority responsible for30.3support enforcement,. 30.4 (b) The court may: 30.5 (1) modify the order respecting the amount of 30.6 maintenanceor support money,and theits paymentof it,and30.7also respecting theor appropriation and payment of the 30.8 principal and income of property held in trust,; andmay30.9 (2) make an order respecting these matters which it might 30.10 have made in the original proceeding,except as herein otherwise30.11providedsubject to subdivisions 2 to 5. 30.12 (c) A party or the public authority also may bring a motion 30.13 for contempt of court if the obligor is in arrears insupport or30.14 maintenance payments. 30.15 Sec. 34. Minnesota Statutes 2001 Supplement, section 30.16 518.64, subdivision 2, is amended to read: 30.17 Subd. 2. [MODIFICATION.] (a) The terms of an order 30.18 respecting maintenanceor supportmay be modified upon a showing 30.19 of one or more of the following: (1) substantially increased or 30.20 decreased earnings of a party; (2) substantially increased or 30.21 decreased need of a partyor the child or children that are the30.22subject of these proceedings; (3) receipt of assistance under 30.23 the AFDC program formerly codified under sections 256.72 to 30.24 256.87 or 256B.01 to 256B.40, or chapter 256J or 256K; (4) a 30.25 change in the cost of living for either party as measured by the 30.26 federal bureau of statistics, any of which makes the terms 30.27 unreasonable and unfair; (5) extraordinary medical expenses of 30.28 the child not provided for under section 518.171; or (6) the 30.29 addition of work-related or education-related child care 30.30 expenses of the obligee or a substantial increase or decrease in 30.31 existing work-related or education-related child care expenses. 30.32On a motion to modify support, the needs of any child the30.33obligor has after the entry of the support order that is the30.34subject of a modification motion shall be considered as provided30.35by section 518.551, subdivision 5f.30.36(b) It is presumed that there has been a substantial change31.1in circumstances under paragraph (a) and the terms of a current31.2support order shall be rebuttably presumed to be unreasonable31.3and unfair if:31.4(1) the application of the child support guidelines in31.5section 518.551, subdivision 5, to the current circumstances of31.6the parties results in a calculated court order that is at least31.720 percent and at least $50 per month higher or lower than the31.8current support order;31.9(2) the medical support provisions of the order established31.10under section 518.171 are not enforceable by the public31.11authority or the obligee;31.12(3) health coverage ordered under section 518.171 is not31.13available to the child for whom the order is established by the31.14parent ordered to provide; or31.15(4) the existing support obligation is in the form of a31.16statement of percentage and not a specific dollar amount.31.17(c)(b) On a motion for modification of maintenance, 31.18 including a motion for the extension of the duration of a 31.19 maintenance award, the courtshallmust apply, in addition to 31.20 all other relevant factors, the factors for an award of 31.21 maintenance under section 518.552 that exist at the time of the 31.22 motion.On a motion for modification of support, the court:31.23(1) shall apply section 518.551, subdivision 5, and shall31.24not consider the financial circumstances of each party's spouse,31.25if any; and31.26(2) shall not consider compensation received by a party for31.27employment in excess of a 40-hour work week, provided that the31.28party demonstrates, and the court finds, that:31.29(i) the excess employment began after entry of the existing31.30support order;31.31(ii) the excess employment is voluntary and not a condition31.32of employment;31.33(iii) the excess employment is in the nature of additional,31.34part-time employment, or overtime employment compensable by the31.35hour or fractions of an hour;31.36(iv) the party's compensation structure has not been32.1changed for the purpose of affecting a support or maintenance32.2obligation;32.3(v) in the case of an obligor, current child support32.4payments are at least equal to the guidelines amount based on32.5income not excluded under this clause; and32.6(vi) in the case of an obligor who is in arrears in child32.7support payments to the obligee, any net income from excess32.8employment must be used to pay the arrearages until the32.9arrearages are paid in full.32.10(d)(c) A modification ofsupport ormaintenance, including 32.11 interest that accrued pursuant to section 548.091, may be made 32.12 retroactive only with respect to any period during which the 32.13 petitioning party has pending a motion for modification but only 32.14 from the date of service of notice of the motion on the 32.15 responding party and on the public authority if public 32.16 assistance is being furnished or the county attorney is the 32.17 attorney of record. However, modification may be applied to an 32.18 earlier period if the court makes express findings that: 32.19 (1) the party seeking modification was precluded from 32.20 serving a motion by reason of a significant physical or mental 32.21 disability, a material misrepresentation of another party, or 32.22 fraud upon the court and that the party seeking modification, 32.23 when no longer precluded, promptly served a motion; 32.24 (2) the party seeking modification was a recipient of 32.25 federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Title II Older 32.26 Americans, Survivor's Disability Insurance (OASDI), other 32.27 disability benefits, or public assistance based upon need during 32.28 the period for which retroactive modification is sought; 32.29 (3) the order for which the party seeks amendment was 32.30 entered by default, the party shows good cause for not 32.31 appearing, and the record contains no factual evidence, or 32.32 clearly erroneous evidence regarding the individual obligor's 32.33 ability to pay; or 32.34 (4) the party seeking modification was institutionalized or 32.35 incarcerated for an offense other than nonsupport of a child 32.36 during the period for which retroactive modification is sought 33.1 and lacked the financial ability to pay the support ordered 33.2 during that time period. In determining whether to allow the 33.3 retroactive modification, the court shall consider whether and 33.4 when a request was made to the public authority for support 33.5 modification. 33.6The court may provide that a reduction in the amount allocated33.7for child care expenses based on a substantial decrease in the33.8expenses is effective as of the date the expenses decreased.33.9(e)(d) Except for an award of the right of occupancy of 33.10 the homestead, provided inunder section 518.63, all divisions 33.11 of real and personal property provided by section 518.58shall33.12beare final, and may be revoked or modified onlywhereif the 33.13 court finds the existence of conditions that justify reopening a 33.14 judgment under the laws of this state, including motions under 33.15 section 518.145, subdivision 2. The court may impose a lien or 33.16 charge on the divided property at any time while the property, 33.17 or subsequently acquired property, is owned by the parties or 33.18 either of them, for the payment of maintenance or supportmoney,33.19 or may sequester the propertyas is provided byunder section 33.20 518.24. 33.21(f)(e) The court need not hold an evidentiary hearing on a 33.22 motion for modification of maintenance or support. 33.23(g)(f) Section 518.14shall governgoverns the award of 33.24 attorney fees for motions brought under this subdivision. 33.25 Sec. 35. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.641, as 33.26 amended by Laws 2001, First Special Session chapter 9, article 33.27 12, sections 15, 16, 17, 18, and 20, is amended to read: 33.28 518.641 [COST-OF-LIVING ADJUSTMENTS IN MAINTENANCEOR CHILD33.29SUPPORTORDER.] 33.30 Subdivision 1. [REQUIREMENT.] (a) An order establishing, 33.31 modifying, or enforcing maintenanceor child support shallmust 33.32 provide for a biennial adjustment in the amount to be paid based 33.33 on a change in the cost of living. An order that provides for a 33.34 cost-of-living adjustmentshallmust specify the cost-of-living 33.35 index to be applied and the date on which the cost-of-living 33.36 adjustmentshall becomebecomes effective. The court may use 34.1 the consumer price index for all urban consumers, 34.2 Minneapolis-St. Paul (CPI-U), the consumer price index for wage 34.3 earners and clerical, Minneapolis-St. Paul (CPI-W), or another 34.4 cost-of-living index published by the department of labor which 34.5 it specifically finds is more appropriate. Cost-of-living 34.6 increases under this sectionshallmust be compounded. The 34.7 court may also increase the amount by more than the 34.8 cost-of-living adjustment by agreement of the parties or by 34.9 making further findings. 34.10 (b) The adjustment becomes effective on the first of May of 34.11 the year in which it is made, for cases in which payment is made 34.12 to the public authority. For cases in which payment is not made 34.13 to the public authority, application for an adjustment may be 34.14 made in any month but no application for an adjustment may be 34.15 made sooner than two years after the date of the dissolution 34.16 decree. A court may waive the requirement of the cost-of-living 34.17 clause if it expressly finds that the obligor's occupation or 34.18 income, or both, does not provide for a cost-of-living 34.19 adjustment or that the order for maintenanceor child support34.20 has a provision such as a step increase that has the effect of a 34.21 cost-of-living clause. The court may waive a cost-of-living 34.22 adjustment in a maintenance order if the parties so agree in 34.23 writing.The commissioner of human services may promulgate34.24rules for child support adjustments under this section in34.25accordance with the rulemaking provisions of chapter 14.Notice 34.26 of this statute must comply with section 518.68, subdivision 2. 34.27 Subd. 2. [NOTICE.] No adjustment under this section may be 34.28 made unless the order provides for it and the notice provisions 34.29 of this subdivision are followed. The public authority or the 34.30 obligee, if the obligee is requesting the cost-of-living 34.31 adjustment,sendsmust send notice of the intended adjustment to 34.32 the obligor at the obligor's last known address at least 20 days 34.33 before the effective date of the adjustment. The noticeshall34.34 must inform the obligor of the date on which the adjustmentwill34.35becomebecomes effective and the procedures for contesting the 34.36 adjustment. 35.1 Subd. 2a. [PROCEDURES FOR CONTESTING ADJUSTMENT.] (a) To 35.2 contest cost-of-living adjustments initiated by the public 35.3 authority or an obligee who has applied for or is receiving 35.4child support andmaintenance collection services from the 35.5 public authority, other than income withholding only services, 35.6 the obligor, before the effective date of the adjustment, must: 35.7 (1) file a motion contesting the cost-of-living adjustment 35.8 with the court administrator; and 35.9 (2) serve the motion by first-class mail on the public 35.10 authority and the obligee. 35.11 The hearingshallmust take place in the expedited child 35.12 support process as governed by section 484.702. 35.13 (b) To contest cost-of-living adjustments initiated by an 35.14 obligee who is not receivingchild support andmaintenance 35.15 collection services from the public authority, orforby an 35.16 obligee who receives income withholding only services from the 35.17 public authority, the obligor must, before the effective date of 35.18 the adjustment: 35.19 (1) file a motion contesting the cost-of-living adjustment 35.20 with the court administrator; and 35.21 (2) serve the motion by first-class mail on the obligee. 35.22 The hearingshallmust take place in district court. 35.23 (c) Upon receipt of a motion contesting the cost-of-living 35.24 adjustment, the cost-of-living adjustmentshallmust be stayed 35.25 pending further order of the court. 35.26 (d) The court administratorshallmust make available pro 35.27 se motion forms for contesting a cost-of-living adjustment under 35.28 this subdivision. 35.29 Subd. 3. [RESULT OF HEARING.] If, at a hearing pursuant to 35.30 this section, the obligor establishes an insufficient cost of 35.31 living or other increase in income that prevents fulfillment of 35.32 the adjusted maintenanceor child supportobligation, the court 35.33 or child support magistrate may direct that all or part of the 35.34 adjustment not take effect. If, at the hearing, the obligor 35.35 does not establish this insufficient increase in income, the 35.36 adjustmentshallmust take effect as of the date it would have 36.1 become effective had no hearing been requested. 36.2 Sec. 36. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.642, is 36.3 amended to read: 36.4 518.642 [OVERPAYMENTS.] 36.5 Ifchild support ormaintenance is not assigned under 36.6 section 256.741,and an obligor has overpaid achild support or36.7 maintenance obligation because of a modification or error in the 36.8 amount owed, the public authorityshallmust: 36.9 (1) apply the amount of the overpayment to reduce the 36.10 amount of anychild support ormaintenance-related arrearages or 36.11 debts owed to the obligee; and 36.12 (2) if an overpayment exists after the reduction of any 36.13 arrearage or debt, reduce the amount of thechild36.14supportmaintenance remitted to the obligee by an amount no 36.15 greater than 20 percent of the current monthlysupport or36.16 maintenance obligation and remit this amount to the obligor 36.17 until the overpayment is reduced to zero. 36.18 Sec. 37. [518.643] [MAINTENANCE PAYMENT ENFORCEMENT.] 36.19 The enforcement requirements and procedures in sections 36.20 517C.35, subdivision 1, 517C.52 to 517C.62, 517C.64, 517C.72, 36.21 517C.74, 517C.75, 517C.76, 517C.78, and 517C.79, apply to 36.22 maintenance payments as well as child support obligations. 36.23 Sec. 38. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.646, is 36.24 amended to read: 36.25 518.646 [NOTICE OF ORDER.] 36.26Whenever these laws requireIf a law requires service of a 36.27 court's order on an employer, union, or payor of funds, service 36.28 of a verified notice of order may be made in lieuthereofof the 36.29 order. The verified noticeshallmust contain the title of the 36.30 action, the name of the court, the court file number, the date 36.31 of the court order, andshall recitethe operative provisions of 36.32 the order. 36.33 Sec. 39. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.65, is 36.34 amended to read: 36.35 518.65 [PROPERTY; SALE, PARTITION.] 36.36 In order to effect a division or award of propertyas is37.1provided byunder section 518.58, the court may order property 37.2 sold or partitioned. Personal property may be ordered sold in 37.3 the manner directed by the court,and real estate may be 37.4 partitioned in the manner provided by Minnesota Statutes 1949, 37.5 chapter 558. 37.6 Sec. 40. [INSTRUCTION TO REVISOR.] 37.7 The revisor of statutes must renumber the sections in 37.8 Minnesota Statutes 2000 listed in column A as indicated in 37.9 column B and correct cross-references to those sections 37.10 throughout Minnesota Statutes and Minnesota Rules. 37.11 A B 37.12 518.002 517A.02, subd. 5 37.13 518.003 517A.01 37.14 518.005 517A.02 37.15 518.01 517A.05 37.16 518.02 517A.08 37.17 518.03 517A.09 37.18 518.04 517A.10 37.19 518.05 517A.11 37.20 518.055 517A.12 37.21 518.06 517A.15 37.22 518.07 517A.16 37.23 518.09 517A.17 37.24 518.091 517A.18 37.25 518.10 517A.19 37.26 518.11 517A.20 37.27 518.12 517A.21 37.28 518.13 517A.22 37.29 518.131 517A.03 37.30 518.14 517A.04 37.31 518.145 517A.23 37.32 518.146 517A.24 37.33 518.148 517A.26 37.34 518.191 517A.27 37.35 518.195 517A.28 37.36 518.24 517A.29 38.1 518.25 517A.30 38.2 518.27 517A.31 38.3 518.54, subd. 1 517A.32, subd. 1 38.4 518.54, subd. 2a 517A.32, subd. 2 38.5 518.54, subd. 2b 517A.32, subd. 3 38.6 518.54, subd. 3 517A.32, subd. 4 38.7 518.54, subd. 4 517A.32, subd. 5 38.8 518.54, subd. 5 517A.32, subd. 6 38.9 518.54, subd. 6 517A.32, subd. 7 38.10 518.54, subd. 7 517A.32, subd. 8 38.11 518.54, subd. 8 517A.32, subd. 9 38.12 518.54, subd. 9 517A.32, subd. 10 38.13 518.54, subd. 10 517A.32, subd. 11 38.14 518.54, subd. 11 517A.32, subd. 12 38.15 518.54, subd. 12 517A.32, subd. 13 38.16 518.55 517A.34 38.17 518.552 517A.33 38.18 518.58 517A.35 38.19 518.581 517A.36 38.20 518.582 517A.37 38.21 518.583 517A.38 38.22 518.62 517A.40 38.23 518.63 517A.41 38.24 518.64 517A.42 38.25 518.641, subd. 1 517A.43, subd. 1 38.26 518.641, subd. 2 517A.43, subd. 2 38.27 518.641, subd. 2a 517A.43, subd. 2a 38.28 518.641, subd. 3 517A.43, subd. 3 38.29 518.642 517A.44 38.30 518.646 517A.06 38.31 518.65 517A.46 38.32 518.68 517A.07 38.33 Sec. 41. [REPEALER.] 38.34 Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.64, subdivisions 4, 38.35 4a, and 5, are repealed. 38.36 ARTICLE 2 39.1 CUSTODY, PARENTING TIME, AND VISITATION 39.2 GENERAL 39.3 Section 1. [517B.01] [DEFINITIONS.] 39.4 Subdivision 1. [SCOPE.] The definitions in this section 39.5 apply to this chapter. 39.6 Sec. 2. [517B.03] [TEMPORARY ORDERS RELATING TO CUSTODY 39.7 AND PARENTING TIME.] 39.8 (a) A temporary order for custody or parenting time may be 39.9 sought under section 517A.03. 39.10 (b) A party seeking a temporary custody order must submit 39.11 with moving papers an affidavit setting forth facts supporting 39.12 the requested order. The party must give notice and a copy of 39.13 the affidavit to other parties to the proceeding, who may file 39.14 opposing affidavits. 39.15 Sec. 3. [517B.04] [CUSTODY AND PARENTING TIME NOTICES.] 39.16 A court order or judgment and decree concerning custody of 39.17 or parenting time with a minor child must contain the notice set 39.18 out in section 517C.99, subdivision 3. 39.19 Sec. 4. [517B.05] [ATTORNEY FEES, COSTS, AND 39.20 DISBURSEMENTS.] 39.21 Attorney fees, costs, and disbursements must be awarded in 39.22 a proceeding under this chapter as provided by section 517A.04. 39.23 Sec. 5. [517B.17] [CUSTODY OF CHILDREN.] 39.24 Subdivision 1. [CUSTODY ORDER.] Upon adjudging the nullity 39.25 of a marriage, in a dissolution or legal separation proceeding, 39.26 or in a child custody proceeding, the court must make a further 39.27 order as it deems just and proper concerning: 39.28 (1) the legal custody of each minor child of the parties, 39.29 which must be sole or joint; and 39.30 (2) their physical custody and residence. 39.31 Subd. 2. [STANDARD; PREFERENCE PROHIBITED.] In determining 39.32 custody, the court must consider the best interests of the child 39.33 and must not prefer one parent over the other solely on the 39.34 basis of the sex of the parent. 39.35 Subd. 3. [THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD; FACTORS.] "The 39.36 best interests of the child" means all relevant factors to be 40.1 considered and evaluated by the court including: 40.2 (1) the wishes of the child's parent or parents as to 40.3 custody; 40.4 (2) the reasonable preference of the child, if the court 40.5 deems the child to be of sufficient age to express a preference; 40.6 (3) the child's primary caretaker; 40.7 (4) the intimacy of the relationship between each parent 40.8 and the child; 40.9 (5) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with 40.10 a parent or parents, siblings, and any other person who may 40.11 significantly affect the child's best interests; 40.12 (6) the child's adjustment to home, school, and community; 40.13 (7) the length of time the child has lived in a stable, 40.14 satisfactory environment and the desirability of maintaining 40.15 continuity; 40.16 (8) the permanence, as a family unit, of the existing or 40.17 proposed home; 40.18 (9) the mental and physical health of all individuals 40.19 involved; except that a disability, as defined in section 40.20 363.01, of a parent or the child is not determinative of the 40.21 custody of the child, unless the proposed custodial arrangement 40.22 is not in the best interest of the child; 40.23 (10) the capacity and disposition of the parties to give 40.24 the child love, affection, and guidance, and to continue 40.25 educating and raising the child in the child's culture and 40.26 religion or creed, if any; 40.27 (11) the child's cultural background; 40.28 (12) the effect on the child of the actions of an abuser, 40.29 if related to domestic abuse, as defined in section 518B.01, 40.30 that has occurred between the parents or between a parent and 40.31 another individual, whether or not the individual alleged to 40.32 have committed domestic abuse is or ever was a family or 40.33 household member of the parent; 40.34 (13) except in cases in which a finding of domestic abuse 40.35 as defined in section 518B.01 has been made, the disposition of 40.36 each parent to encourage and permit frequent and continuing 41.1 contact by the other parent with the child; and 41.2 (14) evidence of a violation of section 609.507. 41.3 Subd. 4. [BEST INTERESTS DETERMINATION.] The court must 41.4 make detailed findings on each of the factors in subdivision 3 41.5 and explain how the factors led to its conclusion and to the 41.6 determination of the best interests of the child. In 41.7 determining the best interests of a child, the court may not use 41.8 one factor in subdivision 3 to the exclusion of all others. The 41.9 primary caretaker factor may not be used as a presumption in 41.10 determining the best interests of the child. The court may not 41.11 consider conduct of a parent that does not affect the parent's 41.12 relationship to the child. 41.13 Sec. 6. [517B.18] [JOINT CUSTODY.] 41.14 Subdivision 1. [FACTORS WHEN JOINT CUSTODY IS SOUGHT.] In 41.15 addition to the factors listed in section 517B.17, if either 41.16 joint legal or joint physical custody is sought, the court must 41.17 consider the following relevant factors: 41.18 (1) the ability of parents to cooperate in the rearing of 41.19 their child; 41.20 (2) methods for resolving disputes regarding any major 41.21 decision concerning the life of the child, and the parents' 41.22 willingness to use those methods; 41.23 (3) whether it would be detrimental to the child if one 41.24 parent were to have sole authority over the child's upbringing; 41.25 and 41.26 (4) whether domestic abuse, as defined in section 518B.01, 41.27 has occurred between the parents. 41.28 Subd. 2. [PRESUMPTIONS; FINDINGS.] (a) The court must use 41.29 a rebuttable presumption that upon request of either or both 41.30 parents, joint legal custody is in the best interests of the 41.31 child. However, the court must use a rebuttable presumption 41.32 that joint legal or physical custody is not in the best 41.33 interests of the child if domestic abuse, as defined in section 41.34 518B.01, has occurred between the parents. 41.35 (b) If the court awards joint legal or physical custody 41.36 over the objection of a parent, the court must make detailed 42.1 findings on each of the factors in this section and explain how 42.2 the factors led to its determination that joint custody would be 42.3 in the best interests of the child. 42.4 Subd. 3. [JOINT CUSTODY; SUPPORT GUIDELINES.] An award of 42.5 joint legal custody is not a reason for departure from the child 42.6 support guidelines in sections 517C.12 to 517C.16. 42.7 Sec. 7. [517B.19] [CUSTODY; ACCESS RIGHTS OF PARENTS; 42.8 LIMITATIONS.] 42.9 Subdivision 1. [ACCESS; LIMITATIONS.] (a) Whether sole or 42.10 joint legal custody is ordered, the court must grant the 42.11 following rights to each of the parties, unless specific 42.12 findings are made under section 517C.99, subdivision 1. Each 42.13 party: 42.14 (1) has the right of access to, and to receive copies of, a 42.15 minor child's school, medical, dental, religious training, and 42.16 other important records and information; 42.17 (2) has the right of access to information regarding health 42.18 or dental insurance available to a minor child; 42.19 (3) must keep the other party informed as to the name and 42.20 address of the school a minor child attends; 42.21 (4) must notify the other party, in the case of an accident 42.22 or serious illness of a minor child, of the accident or illness, 42.23 and the name of the health care provider and the place of 42.24 treatment; and 42.25 (5) has the right to reasonable access and telephone 42.26 contact with a minor child. 42.27 (b) Each party has the right to be informed by school 42.28 officials about a child's welfare, educational progress and 42.29 status, and to attend school and parent-teacher conferences. 42.30 The school is not required to hold a separate conference for 42.31 each party. 42.32 (c) The court may waive any of the rights under this 42.33 subdivision if it finds it is necessary to protect the welfare 42.34 of a party or child. 42.35 Sec. 8. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.003, 42.36 subdivision 3, is amended to read: 43.1 Subd. 3. [CUSTODY.] Unless otherwise agreed by the parties: 43.2 (a) "Legal custody" means the right to determine the 43.3 child's upbringing, including education, health care, and 43.4 religious training. 43.5 (b) "Joint legal custody" means that both parents have 43.6 equal rights and responsibilities, including the right to 43.7 participate in major decisions determining the child's 43.8 upbringing, including education, health care, and religious 43.9 training. 43.10 (c) "Physical custody and residence" means the routine 43.11 daily care and control and the residence of the child. 43.12 (d) "Joint physical custody" means that the routine daily 43.13 care and control and the residence of the child is structured 43.14 between the parties. 43.15 (e)Wherever used in this chapter, the term"Custodial 43.16 parent" or "custodian" means the person who has the physical 43.17 custody of the child at any particular time. 43.18 (f) "Custody determination" means a court decision and 43.19 court orders and instructions providing for the custody of a 43.20 child, including parenting time, but does not include a decision 43.21 relating to child support or any other monetary obligation of 43.22 any person. 43.23 (g) "Custody proceeding" includes proceedings in which a 43.24 custody determination is one of several issues, such as an 43.25 action for dissolution, divorce, or separation, and includes 43.26 proceedings involving children who are in need of protection or 43.27 services, domestic abuse, and paternity. 43.28 Sec. 9. Minnesota Statutes 2001 Supplement, section 43.29 518.155, is amended to read: 43.30 518.155 [CUSTODYDETERMINATIONSAND PARENTING TIME 43.31 JURISDICTION.] 43.32 Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, a court in which a 43.33 proceeding for dissolution, legal separation, or child custody 43.34 has been commencedshallmust not issue, revise, modify or amend 43.35 any order, pursuant tosectionssection 518.131, 518.165, 43.36 518.168, 518.17, 518.175 or 518.18,whichthat affects the 44.1 custody of a minor child or the parenting time of a parent 44.2 unless the court has jurisdiction over the matterpursuant to44.3the provisions ofunder chapter 518D. 44.4 Sec. 10. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.156, is 44.5 amended to read: 44.6 518.156 [COMMENCEMENT OF CUSTODY PROCEEDING.] 44.7 Subdivision 1. [PROCEDURE.] In a court of this statewhich44.8 that has jurisdiction to decide child custody matters, a child 44.9 custody proceeding is commenced: 44.10 (a) by a parent 44.11 (1) by filing a petition for dissolution or legal 44.12 separation; or 44.13 (2)whereif a decree of dissolution or legal separation 44.14 has been entered or where none is sought, orwhenif paternity 44.15 has been recognized under section 257.75, by filing a petition 44.16 or motion seeking custody or parenting time with the child in 44.17 the county where the child is permanently resident or where the 44.18 child is found or where an earlier order for custody of the 44.19 child has been entered; or 44.20 (b) by a person other than a parent,whereif a decree of 44.21 dissolution or legal separation has been entered orwhereif 44.22 none is sought by filing a petition or motion seeking custody or 44.23 visitation of the child in the county where the child is 44.24 permanently resident or where the child is found or where an 44.25 earlier order for custody of the child has been entered. A 44.26 person seeking visitation pursuant to this paragraph must 44.27 qualify under one of the provisions of section 257.022. 44.28 Subd. 2. [REQUIRED NOTICE.] Written notice of a child 44.29 custody or parenting time or visitation proceedingshallmust be 44.30 given to the child's parent, guardian, and custodian, who may 44.31 appear and be heard and may file a responsive pleading. The 44.32 court may, upon a showing of good cause, permit the intervention 44.33 of other interested parties. 44.34 Sec. 11. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.157, 44.35 subdivision 1, is amended to read: 44.36 Subdivision 1. [IMPLEMENTATION; ADMINISTRATION.]By45.1January 1, 1998,The chief judge of each judicial district or a 45.2 designeeshallmust implement one or more parent education 45.3 programs within the judicial district for the purpose of 45.4 educating parents about the impact that divorce, the 45.5 restructuring of families, and judicial proceedings have upon 45.6 children and families; methods for preventing parenting time 45.7 conflicts; and dispute resolution options. The chief judge of 45.8 each judicial district or a designee may require that children 45.9 attend a separate education program designed to deal with the 45.10 impact of divorce upon children as part of the parent education 45.11 program. Each parent education program must enable persons to 45.12 have timely and reasonable access to education sessions. 45.13 Sec. 12. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.157, 45.14 subdivision 2, is amended to read: 45.15 Subd. 2. [MINIMUM STANDARDS; PLAN.] The Minnesota supreme 45.16 court should promulgate minimum standards for the implementation 45.17 and administration of a parent education program. The chief 45.18 judge of each judicial district or a designeeshallmust submit 45.19 a plan to the Minnesota conference of chief judges for their 45.20 approval that is designed to implement and administer a parent 45.21 education program in the judicial district. The plan must be 45.22 consistent with the minimum standards promulgated by the 45.23 Minnesota supreme court. 45.24 Sec. 13. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.157, 45.25 subdivision 3, is amended to read: 45.26 Subd. 3. [ATTENDANCE.] In a proceeding under this chapter 45.27 or sections 257.51 to 257.75 where custody or parenting time is 45.28 contested, the parents of a minor childshallmust attend an 45.29 orientation and education program that meets the minimum 45.30 standards promulgated by the Minnesota supreme court. In all 45.31 other proceedings involving custody, support, or parenting time 45.32 the court may order the parents of a minor child to attend a 45.33 parent education program. The programshallmust provide the 45.34 court with names of persons who fail to attend the parent 45.35 education program as ordered by the court. Persons who are 45.36 separated or contemplating involvement in a dissolution, 46.1 paternity, custody, or parenting time proceeding may attend a 46.2 parent education program without a court order. Participation 46.3 in a parent education program must occur as early as possible. 46.4 Parent education programs must offer an opportunity to 46.5 participate at all phases of a pending or postdecree 46.6 proceeding. Upon request of a party and a showing of good 46.7 cause, the court may excuse the party from attending the 46.8 program. If past or present domestic abuse, as defined in 46.9 chapter 518B, is alleged, the courtshallmust not require the 46.10 parties to attend the same parent education sessions andshall46.11 must enter an order setting forth the manner in which the 46.12 parties may safely participate in the program. 46.13 Sec. 14. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.157, 46.14 subdivision 5, is amended to read: 46.15 Subd. 5. [CONFIDENTIALITY.] Unless all parties agree in 46.16 writing, statements made by a party during participation in a 46.17 parent education program are inadmissible as evidence for any 46.18 purpose, including impeachment. No record may be made regarding 46.19 a party's participation in a parent education program, except a 46.20 record of attendance at and completion of the program as 46.21 required under this section. Instructorsshallmust not 46.22 disclose information regarding an individual participant 46.23 obtained as a result of participation in a parent education 46.24 program. Parent education instructors may not be subpoenaed or 46.25 called as witnesses in court proceedings. 46.26 Sec. 15. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.157, 46.27 subdivision 6, is amended to read: 46.28 Subd. 6. [FEE.] Except as provided in this subdivision, 46.29 each person who attends a parent education programshallmust 46.30 pay a fee to defray the cost of the program. A party who 46.31 qualifies for waiver of filing fees under section 563.01 is 46.32 exempt from paying the parent education program fee and the 46.33 courtshallmust waive the fee or direct its payment under 46.34 section 563.01. Program providers shall implement a sliding fee 46.35 scale. 46.36 Sec. 16. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.158, 47.1 subdivision 2, is amended to read: 47.2 Subd. 2. [EMERGENCY CUSTODY HEARING.] If the parent seeks 47.3 to remove the child from the home of the relative or if the 47.4 relative seeks to remove the child from the home of the parent 47.5 and the applicable factors in subdivision 1 exist, the relative 47.6 may apply for an ex parte temporary order for custody of the 47.7 child. The application must include an affidavit made under 47.8 oath that states with particularity the specific facts and 47.9 circumstances on which the application is based. The court 47.10shallmust grant temporary custody if it finds, based on the 47.11 application, that the applicable factors in subdivision 1 47.12 exist. If it finds that the factors in subdivision 1 do not 47.13 exist, the courtshallmust order that the child be returned to 47.14 or remain with the parent. An ex parte temporary custody order 47.15 under this subdivision is effective for a fixed period not to 47.16 exceed 14 days. A temporary custody hearing under this chapter 47.17 must be set for not later than seven days after issuance of the 47.18 ex parte temporary custody order, except that if the ex parte 47.19 temporary custody order is based on the grounds under 47.20 subdivision 1, paragraph (b), clause (2), the temporary custody 47.21 hearing must be set for not later than 72 hours, excluding 47.22 Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, after issuance of the order. 47.23 The parent must be promptly served with a copy of the ex parte 47.24 order and the petition and notice of the date for the hearing. 47.25 Sec. 17. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.158, 47.26 subdivision 4, is amended to read: 47.27 Subd. 4. [RETURN TO PARENT.] If the court orders permanent 47.28 custody to a relative under this section, the courtshallmust 47.29 set conditions the parent must meet in order to obtain custody. 47.30 The court may notify the parent that the parent may request 47.31 assistance from the local social service agency in order to meet 47.32 the conditions set by the court. 47.33 Sec. 18. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.165, is 47.34 amended to read: 47.35 518.165 [GUARDIANS FOR MINOR CHILDREN.] 47.36 Subdivision 1. [PERMISSIVE APPOINTMENT OF GUARDIAN AD 48.1 LITEM.] In all proceedings for child custody or for dissolution 48.2 or legal separation where custody or parenting time with a minor 48.3 child is in issue, the court may appoint a guardian ad litem 48.4 from a panel established by the court to represent the interests 48.5 of the child. The guardian ad litemshallmust advise the court 48.6 with respect to custody, support, and parenting time. 48.7 Subd. 2. [REQUIRED APPOINTMENT OF GUARDIAN AD LITEM.] In 48.8 all proceedings for child custody or for marriage dissolution or 48.9 legal separation in which custody or parenting time with a minor 48.10 child is an issue, if the court has reason to believe that the 48.11 minor child is a victim of domestic child abuse or neglect, as 48.12 those terms are defined in sections 260C.007 and 626.556, 48.13 respectively, the courtshallmust appoint a guardian ad litem. 48.14 The guardian ad litemshallmust represent the interests of the 48.15 child and advise the court with respect to custody, support, and 48.16 parenting time. If the child is represented by a guardian ad 48.17 litem in any other pending proceeding, the court may appoint 48.18 that guardian to represent the child in the custody or parenting 48.19 time proceeding. No guardian ad litem need be appointed if the 48.20 alleged domestic child abuse or neglect is before the court on a 48.21 juvenile dependency and neglect petition. Nothing in this 48.22 subdivision requires the court to appoint a guardian ad litem in 48.23 any proceeding for child custody, marriage dissolution, or legal 48.24 separation in which an allegation of domestic child abuse or 48.25 neglect has not been made. 48.26 Subd. 2a. [RESPONSIBILITIES OF GUARDIAN AD LITEM.] A 48.27 guardian ad litemshallmust carry out the following 48.28 responsibilities: 48.29 (1) conduct an independent investigation to determine the 48.30 facts relevant to the situation of the child and the family, 48.31 which must include, unless specifically excluded by the court, 48.32 reviewing relevant documents; meeting with and observing the 48.33 child in the home setting and considering the child's wishes, as 48.34 appropriate; and interviewing parents, caregivers, and others 48.35 with knowledge relevant to the case; 48.36 (2) advocate for the child's best interests by 49.1 participating in appropriate aspects of the case and advocating 49.2 for appropriate community services when necessary; 49.3 (3) maintain the confidentiality of information related to 49.4 a case, with the exception of sharing information as permitted 49.5 by law to promote cooperative solutions that are in the best 49.6 interests of the child; 49.7 (4) monitor the child's best interests throughout the 49.8 judicial proceeding; and 49.9 (5) present written reports on the child's best interests 49.10 that include conclusions and recommendations and the facts upon 49.11 which they are based. 49.12 Subd. 3. [FEES.] (a) A guardian ad litem appointed under 49.13 either subdivision 1 or 2 may be appointed either as a volunteer 49.14 or on a fee basis. If a guardian ad litem is appointed on a fee 49.15 basis, the courtshallmust enter an order for costs, fees, and 49.16 disbursements in favor of the child's guardian ad litem. The 49.17 order may be made against either or both parties, except that 49.18 any part of the costs, fees, or disbursements which the court 49.19 finds the parties are incapable of payingshallmust be borne by 49.20 the state courts. The costs of court-appointed counsel to the 49.21 guardian ad litemshallmust be paid by the county in which the 49.22 proceeding is being held if a party is incapable of paying for 49.23 them. Until the recommendations of the task force created in 49.24 Laws 1999, chapter 216, article 7, section 42, are implemented, 49.25 the costs of court-appointed counsel to a guardian ad litem in 49.26 the eighth judicial districtshallmust be paid by the state 49.27 courts if a party is incapable of paying for them. In no event 49.28 may the court order that costs, fees, or disbursements be paid 49.29 by a party receiving public assistance or legal assistance or by 49.30 a party whose annual income falls below the poverty line as 49.31 established under United States Code, title 42, section 9902(2). 49.32 (b) In each fiscal year, the state treasurershallmust 49.33 deposit guardian ad litem reimbursements in the general fund and 49.34 credit them to a separate account with the trial courts. The 49.35 balance of this account is appropriated to the trial courts and 49.36 does not cancel but is available until expended. Expenditures 50.1 by the state court administrator's office from this account must 50.2 be based on the amount of the guardian ad litem reimbursements 50.3 received by the state from the courts in each judicial district. 50.4 Sec. 19. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.166, is 50.5 amended to read: 50.6 518.166 [INTERVIEWS.] 50.7 The court may interview the child in chambers to ascertain 50.8 the child's reasonable preferenceas to custodianregarding with 50.9 which parent the child would reside, if the court deems the 50.10 child to be of sufficient age to express preference. The 50.11 courtshallmust permit counsel to be present at the interview 50.12 andshallmust permit counsel to propound reasonable questions 50.13 to the child either directly or through the court. The 50.14 courtshallmust cause a record of the interview to be made and 50.15 to be made part of the record in the case unless waived by the 50.16 parties. 50.17 In contested custody proceedings, and in other custody 50.18 proceedings if a parent or the child's custodian requests, the 50.19 court may seek the recommendations of professional personnel 50.20 whether or not they are employed on a regular basis by the 50.21 court. The recommendationsgiven shallmust be in writing and 50.22shallmust be made available by the court to counsel upon 50.23 request. Counsel may call for cross-examination of professional 50.24 personnel consulted by the court. 50.25 Sec. 20. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.167, 50.26 subdivision 3, is amended to read: 50.27 Subd. 3. [AVAILABILITY TO COUNSEL.] The courtshallmust 50.28 mail the investigator's report to counsel and to any party not 50.29 represented by counsel at least ten days before the hearing. 50.30 The investigatorshallmust maintain and, upon request, make 50.31 available to counsel and to a party not represented by counsel 50.32 the investigator's file of underlying data and reports, complete 50.33 texts of diagnostic reports made to the investigator pursuant to 50.34 the provisions of subdivision 2, and the names and addresses of 50.35 all persons whom the investigator has consulted.The50.36investigator and any person the investigator has consulted is51.1subject to other pretrial discovery in accordance with the51.2requirements of the Minnesota Rules of Civil Procedure.51.3Mediation proceedings are not subject to discovery without51.4written consent of both parties. A party to the proceeding may51.5call the investigator and any person whom the investigator has51.6consulted for cross-examination at the hearing. A party may not51.7waive the right of cross-examination before the hearing.51.8 Sec. 21. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.167, 51.9 subdivision 4, is amended to read: 51.10 Subd. 4. [USE ATDISCOVERY; HEARING.] The investigator and 51.11 any person the investigator has consulted is subject to other 51.12 pretrial discovery in accordance with the requirements of the 51.13 Minnesota Rules of Civil Procedure. Mediation proceedings are 51.14 not subject to discovery without written consent of both 51.15 parties. A party to the proceeding may call the investigator 51.16 and any person whom the investigator has consulted for 51.17 cross-examination at the hearing. A party may not waive the 51.18 right of cross-examination before the hearing. The 51.19 investigator's report may be received in evidence at the hearing. 51.20 Sec. 22. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.167, 51.21 subdivision 5, is amended to read: 51.22 Subd. 5. [COSTS.] The courtshallmust order all or part 51.23 of the cost of the investigation and report to be paid by either 51.24 or both parties, based on their ability to pay. Any part of the 51.25 cost that the court finds the parties are incapable of paying 51.26 must be borne by thecounty welfarelocal social services agency 51.27 or department of court services that performs the 51.28 investigation. The court may not order costs under this 51.29 subdivision to be paid by a party receiving public assistance or 51.30 legal assistance from a qualified legal services program or by a 51.31 party whose annual income falls below the poverty line under 51.32 United States Code, title 42, section 9902(2). 51.33 Sec. 23. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.168, is 51.34 amended to read: 51.35 518.168 [HEARINGS.] 51.36 (a) Custody proceedingsshallmust receive priority in 52.1 being set for hearing. 52.2 (b) The court may tax as costs the payment of necessary 52.3 travel and other expenses incurred by a person whose presence at 52.4 the hearing the court deems necessary to determine the best 52.5 interests of the child. 52.6 (c) The court without a juryshallmust determine questions 52.7 of law and fact. If it finds that a public hearing may be 52.8 detrimental to the child's best interests, the court may exclude 52.9 the public from a custody hearing, but may admit any person who 52.10 has a direct interest in the particular case. 52.11 (d) If the court finds it necessary for the protection of 52.12 the child's welfare that the record of an interview, report, 52.13 investigation, or testimony in a custody proceeding not bekept52.14secretdisclosed, the court may make an appropriate order 52.15 sealing the record. 52.16 Sec. 24. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.1705, 52.17 subdivision 6, is amended to read: 52.18 Subd. 6. [RESTRICTIONS ON PREPARATION AND CONTENT OF 52.19 PARENTING PLAN.] (a) Dispute resolution processes other than the 52.20 judicial process may not be required in the preparation of a 52.21 parenting plan if a parent is alleged to have committed domestic 52.22 abuse toward a parent or child who is a party to, or subject of, 52.23 the matter before the court. In these cases, the courtshall52.24 must consider the appointment of a guardian ad litem and a 52.25 parenting plan evaluator. 52.26 (b) The court may not require a parenting plan that 52.27 provides for joint legal custody or use of dispute resolution 52.28 processes, other than the judicial process,if the court finds 52.29 that section 518.179 applies, or the court finds that either 52.30 parent has engaged in the following toward a parent or child who 52.31 is a party to, or subject of, the matter before the court: 52.32 (1) acts of domestic abuse, including physical harm, bodily 52.33 injury, and infliction of fear of physical harm, assault, 52.34 terroristic threats, or criminal sexual conduct; 52.35 (2) physical, sexual, or a pattern of emotional abuse of a 52.36 child; or 53.1 (3) willful abandonment that continues for an extended 53.2 period of time or substantial refusal to perform parenting 53.3 functions. 53.4 Sec. 25. Minnesota Statutes 2001 Supplement, section 53.5 518.175, is amended to read: 53.6 518.175 [PARENTING TIME.] 53.7 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL.] (a) In all proceedings for 53.8 dissolution or legal separation, subsequent to the commencement 53.9 of the proceeding and continuing thereafter during the minority 53.10 of the child, the courtshallmust, upon the request of either 53.11 parent, grantsuchparenting time on behalf of the child and a 53.12 parentasthat will enable the child and the parent to maintain 53.13 a child to parent relationship that will be in the best 53.14 interests of the child. 53.15 If the court finds, after a hearing, that parenting time 53.16 with a parent is likely to endanger the child's physical or 53.17 emotional health or impair the child's emotional development, 53.18 the courtshallmust restrict parenting time with that parent as 53.19 to time, place, duration, or supervision and may deny parenting 53.20 time entirely, as the circumstances warrant. The courtshall53.21 must consider the age of the child and the child's relationship 53.22 with the parentprior tobefore the commencement of the 53.23 proceeding. 53.24 A parent's failure to pay support because of the parent's 53.25 inability to do soshallis notbesufficient cause for denial 53.26 of parenting time. 53.27 (b) The court may provide that a law enforcement officer or 53.28 other appropriate person will accompany a party seeking to 53.29 enforce or comply with parenting time. 53.30 (c) Upon request of either party, to the extent practicable 53.31 an order for parenting time must include a specific schedule for 53.32 parenting time, including the frequency and duration of 53.33 visitation and visitation during holidays and vacations, unless 53.34 parenting time is restricted, denied, or reserved. 53.35 (d) The court administratorshallmust provide a form for a 53.36 pro se motion regarding parenting time disputes, whichincludes54.1 must include provisions for indicating the relief requested, an 54.2 affidavit in which the party may state the facts of the dispute, 54.3 and a brief description of the parenting time expeditor process 54.4 under section 518.1751. The form may not include a request for 54.5 a change of custody. The courtshallmust provide instructions 54.6 on serving and filing the motion. 54.7 Subd. 1a. [DOMESTIC ABUSE; SUPERVISED PARENTING TIME.] (a) 54.8 If a parent requests supervised parenting time under subdivision 54.9 1 or 5 and an order for protection under chapter 518B or a 54.10 similar law of another state is in effect against the other 54.11 parent to protect the child or the parent with whom the child 54.12 residesor the child, the judge or judicial officer must 54.13 consider the order for protection in making a decision regarding 54.14 parenting time. 54.15 (b) The state court administrator, in consultation with 54.16 representatives of parents and other interested persons,shall54.17 must develop standards to be met by persons who are responsible 54.18 for supervising parenting time. Either parent may challenge the 54.19 appropriateness of an individual chosen by the court to 54.20 supervise parenting time. 54.21 Subd. 2. [RIGHTS OF CHILDREN AND PARENTS.] Upon the 54.22 request of either parent, the court may inform any child of the 54.23 parties, if eight years of age or older, or otherwise of an age 54.24 of suitable comprehension, of the rights of the child and each 54.25 parent under the order or decree or any substantial amendment 54.26thereofof it. The parent with whom the child residesshall54.27 must present the child for parenting time with the other parent, 54.28 atsuchthe timesasthe court directs. 54.29 Subd. 3. [MOVE TO ANOTHER STATE.] The parent with whom the 54.30 child residesshallmust not move the child's residenceof the54.31childto another state except upon order of the court or with 54.32 the consent of the other parent, if the other parent has been 54.33 given parenting time by the decree. If the purpose of the move 54.34 is to interfere with parenting time given to the other parent by 54.35 the decree, the courtshallmust not permit the child's 54.36 residence to be moved to another state. 55.1 Subd. 5. [MODIFICATION OF PARENTING PLAN OR ORDER FOR 55.2 PARENTING TIME.] (a) If modification would serve the best 55.3 interests of the child, the courtshallmust modify the 55.4 decision-making provisions of a parenting plan or an order 55.5 granting or denying parenting time, if the modification would 55.6 not change the child's primary residence. Except as provided in 55.7 section 631.52, the court may not restrict parenting time unless 55.8 it finds that: 55.9 (1) parenting time is likely to endanger the child's 55.10 physical or emotional health or impair the child's emotional 55.11 development; or 55.12 (2) the parent has chronically and unreasonably failed to 55.13 comply with court-ordered parenting time. 55.14 (b) If a parent makes specific allegations that parenting 55.15 time by the other parent places the parent or child in danger of 55.16 harm, the courtshallmust hold a hearing at the earliest 55.17 possible time to determine the need to modify the order granting 55.18 parenting time. Consistent with subdivision 1a, the court may 55.19 require a third party, including the local social services 55.20 agency, to supervise the parenting time or may restrict a 55.21 parent's parenting time if necessary to protect the other parent 55.22 or child from harm. If there is an existing order for 55.23 protection governing the parties, the courtshallmust consider 55.24 the use of an independent, neutral exchange location for 55.25 parenting time. 55.26 Subd. 6. [REMEDIES.] (a) The court may provide for one or 55.27 more of the following remedies for denial of or interference 55.28 with court-ordered parenting time as provided under this 55.29 subdivision. All parenting time orders must include notice of 55.30 the provisions of this subdivision. 55.31 (b) If the court finds that apersonparent has been 55.32 deprived of court-ordered parenting time, the courtshallmust 55.33 order the parent who has interfered to allow compensatory 55.34 parenting time to the other parent or the courtshallmust make 55.35 specific findings as to why a request for compensatory parenting 55.36 time is denied. If compensatory parenting time is awarded, 56.1 additional parenting time must be: 56.2 (1) at least of the same type and duration as the deprived 56.3 parenting time and, at the discretion of the court, may be in 56.4 excess of or of a different type than the deprived parenting 56.5 time; 56.6 (2) taken within one year after the deprived parenting 56.7 time; and 56.8 (3) at a time acceptable to the parent deprived of 56.9 parenting time. 56.10 (c) If the court finds that a party has wrongfully failed 56.11 to comply with a parenting time order or a binding agreement or 56.12 decision under section 518.1751, the court may: 56.13 (1) impose a civil penalty of up to $500 on the party; 56.14 (2) require the party to post a bond with the court for a 56.15 specified period of time to secure the party's compliance; 56.16 (3) award reasonable attorney's fees and costs; 56.17 (4) require the party who violated the parenting time order 56.18 or binding agreement or decision of the parenting time expeditor 56.19 to reimburse the other party for costs incurred as a result of 56.20 the violation of the orderor, agreement, or decision; or 56.21 (5) award any other remedy that the court finds to be in 56.22 the best interests of the children involved. 56.23 A civil penalty imposed under this paragraph must be 56.24 deposited in the county general fund and must be used to fund 56.25 the costs of a parenting time expeditor program in a county with 56.26 this program. In other counties, the civil penalty must be 56.27 deposited in the state general fund. 56.28 (d) If the court finds that a party has been denied 56.29 parenting time and has incurred expenses in connection with the 56.30 denied parenting time, the court may require the party who 56.31 denied parenting time to post a bond in favor of the other party 56.32 in the amount of prepaid expenses associated with upcoming 56.33 planned parenting time. 56.34 (e) Proof of an unwarranted denial of or interference with 56.35 duly established parenting time may constitute contempt of court 56.36 and may be sufficient cause for reversal of custody. 57.1 Subd. 7a. [GRANDPARENT VISITATION.] During a proceeding 57.2 for dissolution or legal separation, or at any time after 57.3 completion of the proceedings, and continuing during the child's 57.4 minority, the court may make an order granting visitation rights 57.5 to grandparents and other individuals as provided by section 57.6 257.022, subdivision 2. 57.7 Subd. 8. [ADDITIONAL PARENTING TIME FOR CHILD CARE 57.8PARENT.] The court may allow additional parenting time to a 57.9 parent to provide child care while the other parent is working 57.10 if this arrangement is reasonable and in the best interests of 57.11 the child, as defined in section 518.17, subdivision 1. In 57.12 addition, the courtshallmust consider: 57.13 (1) the ability of the parents to cooperate; 57.14 (2) methods for resolving disputes regarding the care of 57.15 the child, and the parents' willingness to use those methods; 57.16 and 57.17 (3) whether domestic abuse, as defined in section 518B.01, 57.18 has occurred between the parties. 57.19 Sec. 26. Minnesota Statutes 2001 Supplement, section 57.20 518.1751, subdivision 1b, is amended to read: 57.21 Subd. 1b. [PURPOSE; DEFINITIONS.] (a) The purpose of a 57.22 parenting time expeditor is to resolve parenting time disputes 57.23 by enforcing, interpreting, clarifying, and addressing 57.24 circumstances not specifically addressed by an existing 57.25 parenting time order and, if appropriate, to make a 57.26 determination as to whether the existing parenting time order 57.27 has been violated. A parenting time expeditor may be appointed 57.28 to resolve a one-time parenting time dispute or to provide 57.29 ongoing parenting time dispute resolution services. 57.30 (b) For purposes of this section, "parenting time dispute" 57.31 means a disagreement among parties about parenting time with a 57.32 child, including a dispute about an anticipated denial of future 57.33 scheduled parenting time. "Parenting time dispute" includes a 57.34 claim by a parent that the other parent is not spending time 57.35 with a child as well as a claim by a parent that the other 57.36 parent is denying or interfering with parenting time. 58.1 (c) A "parenting time expeditor" is a neutral person 58.2 authorized to use a mediation-arbitration process to resolve 58.3 parenting time disputes. A parenting time expeditorshallmust 58.4 attempt to resolve a parenting time dispute by facilitating 58.5 negotiations between the parties to promote settlementand,. If 58.6 it becomes apparent that the dispute cannot be resolved by an 58.7 agreement of the parties, the parenting time expeditorshall58.8 must make a decision resolving the dispute. 58.9 Sec. 27. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.1751, 58.10 subdivision 2, is amended to read: 58.11 Subd. 2. [APPOINTMENT.] (a) The parties may stipulate to 58.12 the appointment of a parenting time expeditor or a team of two 58.13 expeditors without appearing in court by submitting to the court 58.14 a written agreement identifying the names of the individuals to 58.15 be appointed by the court; the nature of the dispute; the 58.16 responsibilities of the parenting time expeditor, including 58.17 whether the expeditor is appointed to resolve a specific issue 58.18 or on an ongoing basis; the term of the appointment; and the 58.19 apportionment of fees and costs. The courtshallmust review 58.20 the agreement of the parties. 58.21 (b) If the parties cannot agree on a parenting time 58.22 expeditor, the courtshallmust provideto the partiesthem with 58.23 a copy of the court administrator's roster of parenting time 58.24 expeditors and require the parties to exchange the names of 58.25 three potential parenting time expeditors by a specific date. 58.26 If after exchanging names the parties are unable to agree upon a 58.27 parenting time expeditor, the courtshallmust select the 58.28parenting timeexpeditor and, in its discretion, may appoint one 58.29 expeditor or a team of twoexpeditors. In the selection process 58.30 the court must give consideration to the financial circumstances 58.31 of the parties and the fees of those being considered 58.32 asparenting timeexpeditors. Preference must be given to 58.33 persons who agree to volunteer their services or who will charge 58.34 a variable fee for services based on the ability of the parties 58.35 to pay for them. 58.36 (c) An order appointing a parenting time expeditor must 59.1 identify the name of the individual to be appointed, the nature 59.2 of the dispute, the responsibilities of the expeditor including 59.3 whether the expeditor is appointed to resolve a specific issue 59.4 or on an ongoing basis, the term of the appointment, the 59.5 apportionment of fees, and notice that if the parties are unable 59.6 to reach an agreement with the expeditor's assistanceof the59.7expeditor, the expeditor is authorized to make a decision 59.8 resolving the dispute which is binding upon the parties unless 59.9 modified or vacated by the court. 59.10 Sec. 28. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.1751, 59.11 subdivision 2a, is amended to read: 59.12 Subd. 2a. [FEES.]Prior toBefore appointing the parenting 59.13 time expeditor, the courtshallmust give the parties notice 59.14 that the expeditor's feesof the expeditorwill be apportioned 59.15 among the parties. In its order appointing the expeditor, the 59.16 courtshallmust apportion the expeditor's feesof the expeditor59.17 among the parties, with each party bearing the portion of fees 59.18 that the court determines is just and equitable under the 59.19 circumstances. If a party files a pro se motion regarding a 59.20 parenting time dispute and there is notaan existing court 59.21 orderthat provides for apportionment ofapportioning the fees 59.22 of an expeditor, the court administrator may require the party 59.23 requestingtheappointment of an expeditor to pay the 59.24 expeditor's feesof the expeditorin advance. Neither party may 59.25 be required to submit a dispute toa visitationan expeditor if 59.26 the party cannot afford to payforthe feesof an expeditorand 59.27 an affordable expeditor is not available, unless the other party 59.28 agrees to pay the fees. After fees are incurred, a party may by 59.29 motion request that the fees be reapportioned on equitable 59.30 grounds. The court may consider the resources of the parties, 59.31 the nature of the dispute, and whether a party acted in bad 59.32 faith. The court may consider information from the expeditor in 59.33 determining bad faith. 59.34 Sec. 29. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.1751, 59.35 subdivision 2b, is amended to read: 59.36 Subd. 2b. [ROSTER OF PARENTING TIME EXPEDITORS.]EachThe 60.1 court administratorshallmust maintain and make available 60.2 to judicial officers and the publicand judicial officersa 60.3 roster of individuals available to serve as parenting time 60.4 expeditors, including. The roster must include each 60.5 individual's name, address, telephone number, and fee charged, 60.6 if any. A court administratorshallmust not place on the 60.7 roster the name of an individual who has not completed the 60.8 training required in subdivision 2c. If the use ofa parenting60.9timean expeditor is initiated by stipulation of the parties, 60.10 the parties may agree upon a person to serve as an expeditor 60.11 even if that person has not completed the training described in 60.12 subdivision 2c. The court may appointa person to serveas an 60.13 expeditoreven if thea person who is not on the court 60.14 administrator's roster, but may not appoint a person who has not 60.15 completed the training described in subdivision 2c, unless so 60.16 stipulated by the parties. To maintain one's listing on a court 60.17 administrator's roster of parenting time expeditors, an 60.18 individualshallmust annually submit to the court administrator 60.19 proof of completion of continuing education requirements. 60.20 Sec. 30. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.1751, 60.21 subdivision 2c, is amended to read: 60.22 Subd. 2c. [TRAINING AND CONTINUING EDUCATION 60.23 REQUIREMENTS.] To qualify for listing on a court administrator's 60.24 roster of parenting time expeditors, an individualshallmust 60.25 complete a minimum of 40 hours of family mediation training that 60.26 has been certified by the Minnesota supreme court, which. The 60.27 training must include certified training in domestic abuse 60.28 issues as required under Rule 114 of the Minnesota General Rules 60.29 of Practice for the District Courts. Tomaintain one's listing60.30 remain listed on a court administrator's roster of parenting 60.31 time expeditors, an individualshallmust annually attend three 60.32 hours of continuing education about alternative dispute 60.33 resolution subjects. 60.34 Sec. 31. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.1751, 60.35 subdivision 3, is amended to read: 60.36 Subd. 3. [AGREEMENT OR DECISION.] (a) Within five days of 61.1 notice of the appointment, or within five days of notice of a 61.2 subsequent parenting time dispute between the same parties, the 61.3 parenting time expeditorshallmust meet with the parties 61.4 together or separately andshallmake a diligent effort to 61.5 facilitate an agreement to resolve the dispute. If a parenting 61.6 time dispute requires immediate resolution, theparenting time61.7 expeditor may confer with the parties through a telephone 61.8 conference or similar means. An expeditor may make a decision 61.9 without conferring with a party if the expeditor made a good 61.10 faith effort to confer with the party, but the party chose not 61.11 to participate in resolution of the dispute. 61.12 (b) If the parties do not reach an agreement, the expeditor 61.13shallmust make a decision resolving the dispute as soon as 61.14 possible, but not later than five days after receiving all 61.15 information necessary to make a decision and after the final 61.16 meeting or conference with the parties. The expeditor is 61.17 authorized to award compensatory parenting time under section 61.18 518.175, subdivision 6, and may recommend to the court that the 61.19 noncomplying party pay attorney's fees, court costs, and other 61.20 costs under section 518.175, subdivision 6, paragraph (d), if 61.21 the parenting time order has been violated. The expeditorshall61.22not loseretains the authority to make a decision if 61.23 circumstances beyond the expeditor's control make it 61.24 impracticable to meet the five-day timelines. 61.25 (c) Unless the parties mutually agree, the parenting time 61.26 expeditorshallmust not make a decision that is inconsistent 61.27 with an existing parenting time order, but may make decisions 61.28 interpreting or clarifying a parenting time order, including the 61.29 development of a specific schedule when the existing court order 61.30 grants "reasonable parenting time." 61.31 (d) The expeditorshallmust put an agreement or decision 61.32 in writing and provide a copy to the parties. The expeditor may 61.33 include or omit reasons for the agreement or decision. An 61.34 agreement of the parties or a decision of the expeditor is 61.35 binding on the parties unless vacated or modified by the court. 61.36 If a party does not comply with an agreement of the parties or a 62.1 decision of the expeditor, any party may bring a motion with the 62.2 court andshallmust attach a copy of the parties' written 62.3 agreement or the decision of the expeditor. The court may 62.4 enforce, modify, or vacate the agreement of the parties or the 62.5 decision of the expeditor. 62.6 Sec. 32. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.176, as 62.7 amended by Laws 2001, chapter 51, section 10, is amended to read: 62.8 518.176 [JUDICIAL SUPERVISION.] 62.9Subdivision 1. [LIMITS ON PARENT'S AUTHORITY; HEARING.]62.10Except as otherwise agreed by the parties in writing at the time62.11of the custody order,(a) The parent with whom the child resides 62.12 may determine the child's upbringing, including education, 62.13 health care, and religious training, unless: 62.14 (1) otherwise agreed by the parties in writing at the time 62.15 of the custody order; or 62.16 (2) upon motion by the other parent, the court after 62.17 hearing,finds, upon motion by the other parent,that in the 62.18 absence of a specific limitation of the authority of the parent 62.19 with whom the child resides, the child's physical or emotional 62.20 health is likely to be endangered or the child's emotional 62.21 development impaired. 62.22Subd. 2.(b) If both parents or all contestants agree to 62.23 the order, or if the court finds that in the absence of the 62.24 order the child's physical or emotional health is likely to be 62.25 endangered or the child's emotional development impaired, the 62.26 court may order the local social services agency or the 62.27 department of court services to exercise continuing supervision 62.28 over the case under guidelines established by the court to 62.29 assure that the custodial or parenting time terms of the decree 62.30 are carried out. 62.31 Sec. 33. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.177, is 62.32 amended to read: 62.33 518.177 [NOTIFICATION REGARDING DEPRIVATION OF PARENTAL 62.34 RIGHTS LAW.] 62.35EveryA court order and judgment and decree concerning 62.36 custody of or parenting time or visitation with a minor child 63.1shallmust contain the notice set out in section 518.68, 63.2 subdivision 2. 63.3 Sec. 34. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.178, is 63.4 amended to read: 63.5 518.178 [PARENTING TIME AND SUPPORT REVIEW HEARING.] 63.6 Upon motion of either party, the courtshallmust conduct a 63.7 hearing to review compliance with the parenting time and child 63.8 support provisionsset forthin a decree of dissolution or legal 63.9 separation or an order that establishes child custody, parenting 63.10 time, and support rights and obligations of parents. The state 63.11 court administratorshallmust prepare, and each court 63.12 administratorshallmust make available, simplified pro se forms 63.13 for reviewing parenting time and child support disputes. The 63.14 court may impose any parenting time enforcement remedy available 63.15 under sections 518.175 and 518.1751, and any support enforcement 63.16 remedy available under section 518.551. 63.17 Sec. 35. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.179, 63.18 subdivision 1, is amended to read: 63.19 Subdivision 1. [SEEKING CUSTODY OR PARENTING TIME.] (a) 63.20 Notwithstanding any contrary provision in section 518.17 or 63.21 518.175,ifa person seeking child custody or parenting time who 63.22 has been convicted of a crime described in subdivision 2, the63.23person seeking custody or parenting timehas the burden to prove 63.24 that custody or parenting time by that person is in the best 63.25 interests of the child if: 63.26 (1) the conviction occurred within the preceding five 63.27 years; 63.28 (2) the person is currently incarcerated, on probation, or 63.29 under supervised release for the offense; or 63.30 (3) the victim of the crime was a family or household 63.31 member as defined in section 518B.01, subdivision 2. 63.32 (b) If this section applies, the court may not grant 63.33 custody or parenting time to the person unless it finds that the 63.34 custody or parenting time is in the best interests of the 63.35 child. If the victim of the crime was a family or household 63.36 member, the standard of proof is clear and convincing evidence. 64.1 A guardian ad litem must be appointed in any case where this 64.2 section applies. 64.3 Sec. 36. Minnesota Statutes 2001 Supplement, section 64.4 518.18, is amended to read: 64.5 518.18 [MODIFICATION OF ORDER.] 64.6 (a) Unless agreed to in writing by the parties, no motion 64.7 to modify a custody order or parenting plan may be made earlier 64.8 than one year after the date of the entry of a decree of 64.9 dissolution or legal separation containing a provision dealing 64.10 with custody, except in accordance with paragraph (c). 64.11 (b) If a motion for modification has been heard, whether or 64.12 not it was granted,unless agreed to in writing by the parties64.13 no subsequent motion may be filed within two years after 64.14 disposition of the prior motion on its merits, except: 64.15 (1) if otherwise agreed to in writing by the parties; or 64.16 (2) in accordance with paragraph (c). 64.17 (c) The time limitations prescribed in paragraphs (a) and 64.18 (b)shalldo not prohibit a motion to modify a custody order or 64.19 parenting plan if the court finds that there is persistent and 64.20 willful denial or interference with parenting time, or has 64.21 reason to believe that the child's present environment may 64.22 endanger the child's physical or emotional health or impair the 64.23 child's emotional development. 64.24 (d)If theA court that has jurisdiction to determine child 64.25 custody matters, the court shallmust not modify a prior custody 64.26 order or a parenting plan provisionwhichthat specifies the 64.27 child's primary residence unless it finds, upon the basis of64.28facts, including unwarranted denial of, or interference with, a64.29duly established parenting time schedule, that have arisen since64.30the prior order or that were unknown to the court at the time of64.31the prior order,that a change has occurred in the circumstances 64.32 of the child or the parties and that the modification is 64.33 necessary to serve the best interests of the child. The court 64.34 must make its findings upon the basis of facts, including 64.35 unwarranted denial of, or interference with, a duly established 64.36 parenting time schedule, that have arisen since the prior order 65.1 or that were unknown to the court at the time of the prior 65.2 order. In applying these standards the courtshallmust retain 65.3 the custody arrangement or the parenting plan provision 65.4 specifying the child's primary residence that was established by 65.5 the prior order unless: 65.6(i)(1) the court finds that a change in the custody 65.7 arrangement or primary residence is in the best interests of the 65.8 child and the parties previously agreed, in a writing approved 65.9 by a court, to apply the best interests standard in section 65.10 518.17 or 257.025, as applicable; and, with respect to 65.11 agreements approved by a court on or after April 28, 2000, both 65.12 parties were represented by counsel when the agreement was 65.13 approved or the court found the parties were fully informed, the 65.14 agreement was voluntary, and the parties were aware of its 65.15 implications; 65.16(ii)(2) both parties agree to the modification; 65.17(iii)(3) the child has been integrated into the family of 65.18 the petitioner with the consent of the other party; or 65.19(iv)(4) the child's present environment endangers the 65.20 child's physical or emotional health or impairs the child's 65.21 emotional development and the harm likely to be caused by a 65.22 change of environment is outweighed by the advantage of a change 65.23 to the child. 65.24In addition,(e) A court may modify a custody order or 65.25 parenting plan under section 631.52. 65.26(e)(f) In deciding whether to modify a prior joint custody 65.27 order, the courtshallmust apply the standards set forth in 65.28 paragraph (d) unless: 65.29 (1) the parties agree in writing to the application of a 65.30 different standard,; or 65.31 (2) the party seeking the modification is asking the court 65.32 for permission to move the residence of the child to another 65.33 state. 65.34(f) If a parent has been granted sole physical custody of a65.35minor and the child subsequently lives with the other parent,65.36and temporary sole physical custody has been approved by the66.1court or by a court-appointed referee,66.2 (g) The court may suspend the obligor's child support 66.3 obligation pendingthea final custody determination if: 66.4 (1) the obligee has been granted sole physical custody of a 66.5 child; 66.6 (2) the child subsequently lives with the obligor; and 66.7 (3) a temporary sole custody order has been approved by the 66.8 court or a court-approved referee. 66.9The court'sA court order denying the suspension of child 66.10 support under this paragraph must include a written explanation 66.11 of the reasons why continuation of the child support obligation 66.12 would be in the best interests of the child. 66.13 (h) A party seeking modification of a custody order must 66.14 submit with moving papers an affidavit setting forth facts 66.15 supporting the requested modification. The party must give 66.16 notice and a copy of the affidavit to other parties to the 66.17 proceeding, who may file opposing affidavits. 66.18 Sec. 37. Minnesota Statutes 2001 Supplement, section 66.19 518.612, is amended to read: 66.20 518.612 [INDEPENDENCE OF PROVISIONS OF DECREE OR TEMPORARY 66.21 ORDER.] 66.22Failure by a party to make support payments is not a66.23defense to:66.24(1) interference with parenting time; or66.25(2) without the permission of the court or the other66.26parent, removing a child from this state.66.27Interference with parenting time or taking a child from66.28this state without permission of the court or the other parent66.29is not a defense to nonpayment of support. If a party fails to66.30make support payments, interferes with parenting time, or66.31removes a child from the state without permission of the court66.32or the other parent, the other party may petition the court for66.33an appropriate order.66.34 (a) An obligor may not assert as a defense to failure to 66.35 pay child support that the obligee interfered with parenting 66.36 time or removed the child from the state without permission of 67.1 the obligor or the court. 67.2 (b) An obligee may not assert as a defense to interference 67.3 with parenting time or removing the child from the state without 67.4 permission of the obligor or the court, that the obligor failed 67.5 to pay child support. 67.6 (c) A party may petition the court for an appropriate order 67.7 if the other party: 67.8 (1) fails to make support payments; 67.9 (2) interferes with parenting time; or 67.10 (3) removes a child from this state without permission of 67.11 the court or the other parent. 67.12 Sec. 38. Minnesota Statutes 2000, section 518.619, is 67.13 amended to read: 67.14 518.619 [CUSTODY ORVISITATIONPARENTING TIME; MEDIATION 67.15 SERVICES.] 67.16 Subdivision 1. [MEDIATION PROCEEDING.] Except as provided 67.17 in subdivision 2, if it appears on the face of the petition or 67.18 other application for an order or modification of an order for 67.19thechild custodyof a childthat custody or parenting time is 67.20 contested, or that any issue pertinent to a custody or parenting 67.21 time determination, including parenting time rights, is 67.22 unresolved, the matter may be set for mediation of the contested 67.23 issueprior tobefore, concurrent with, orsubsequent to the67.24 after settingofthe matter for hearing. The purpose of the 67.25 mediation proceeding is to reduce acrimonywhichthat may exist 67.26 between the parties and to develop an agreement that is 67.27 supportive of the child's best interests. The mediatorshall67.28 must use best efforts to effect a settlement of the custody or 67.29 parenting time dispute, butshall havehas no coercive authority. 67.30 Subd. 2. [EXCEPTION.] If the court determines that there 67.31 is probable cause that one of the parties, or a child of a 67.32 party, has been physically or sexually abused bythe othera 67.33 party, the courtshallmust not require or refer the parties to 67.34 mediation or any other process that requires parties to meet and 67.35 confer without counsel, if any, present. 67.36 Subd. 3. [MEDIATOR APPOINTMENT.] In order to participate 68.1 in a custody mediation, a mediator must be appointed by the 68.2 family court. A mediator must be a member of the professional 68.3 staff of a family court, probation department, mental health 68.4 services agency, or a private mediation service. The mediator 68.5 must be on a list of mediators approved by the court having 68.6 jurisdiction of the matter, unless the parties stipulate to a 68.7 mediator not on the list. 68.8 Subd. 4. [MEDIATOR QUALIFICATIONS.] A mediator who 68.9 performs mediation in contested child custody mattersshallmust 68.10 meet the following minimum qualifications: 68.11(a)(1) knowledge of the court system and the procedures 68.12 used in contested child custody matters; 68.13(b)(2) knowledge of other resources in the community to 68.14 which the parties to contested child custody matters can be 68.15 referred for assistance; 68.16(c)(3) knowledge of child development, clinical issues 68.17 relating to children, the effects of marriage dissolution on 68.18 children, and child custody research; and 68.19(d)(4) a minimum of 40 hours of certified mediation 68.20 training. 68.21 Subd. 5. [RECORDS; PRIVATE DATA.] Mediation proceedings 68.22shallmust be conducted in private. All records of a mediation 68.23 proceedingshall beare private and not available as evidence in 68.24 an action for marriage dissolution and related proceedings on 68.25 any issue in controversy in the dissolution. 68.26 Subd. 6. [MEDIATOR RECOMMENDATIONS.] When the parties have 68.27 not reached agreement as a result of the mediation proceeding, 68.28 the mediator may recommend to the court that an investigation be 68.29 conducted under section 518.167, or that other action be taken 68.30 to assist the parties to resolve the controversy before hearing 68.31 on the issues. The mediator may not conduct the investigation 68.32 or evaluation unless: (1) the parties agree in a writing, 68.33 executed after the termination of mediation, that the mediator 68.34 may conduct the investigation or evaluation, or (2) there is no 68.35 other person reasonably available to conduct the investigation 68.36 or evaluation. The mediator may recommend that mutual 69.1 restraining orders be issued in appropriate cases, pending 69.2 determination of the controversy, to protect the well-being of 69.3 the children involved in the controversy. 69.4 Subd. 7. [MEDIATION AGREEMENT.] An agreement reached by 69.5 the parties as a result of mediationshallmust be discussed by 69.6 the parties with their attorneys, if any, and. The approved 69.7 agreement may then be included in the marital dissolution decree 69.8 or other stipulation submitted to the court. An agreement 69.9 reached by the parties as a result of mediation may not be 69.10 presented to the court nor made enforceable unless the parties 69.11 and their counsel, if any, consent to its presentation to the 69.12 court, and the court adopts the agreement. 69.13 Subd. 8. [RULES.] Each courtshallmust adopt rules to 69.14 implement this section, andshallmust compile and maintain a 69.15 list of mediators. 69.16 Sec. 39. [INSTRUCTION TO REVISOR.] 69.17 The revisor of statutes must renumber the sections in 69.18 Minnesota Statutes 2000 listed in column A as indicated in 69.19 column B and correct cross-references to those sections 69.20 throughout Minnesota Statutes and Minnesota Rules. 69.21 A B 69.22 518.003, subd. 3 517B.01, subd. 2 69.23 518.003, subd. 5 517B.01, subd. 3 69.24 518.155 517B.02 69.25 518.156 517B.13 69.26 518.157 517B.06 69.27 518.158, subd. 1 517B.22, subd. 2 69.28 518.158, subd. 2 517B.22, subd. 3 69.29 518.158, subd. 3 517B.22, subd. 4 69.30 518.158, subd. 4 517B.22, subd. 5 69.31 518.158, subd. 5 517B.22, subd. 1 69.32 518.165 517B.08 69.33 518.166 517B.14 69.34 518.167 517B.15 69.35 518.168 517B.16 69.36 518.1705 517B.25 70.1 518.175, subd. 1 517B.27, subd. 1 70.2 518.175, subd. 1a 517B.27, subd. 2 70.3 518.175, subd. 2 517B.27, subd. 3 70.4 518.175, subd. 3 517B.27, subd. 4 70.5 518.175, subd. 5 517B.27, subd. 6 70.6 518.175, subd. 6 517B.27, subd. 7 70.7 518.175, subd. 7 517B.30 70.8 518.175, subd. 8 517B.27, subd. 8 70.9 518.1751, subd. 1 517B.28, subd. 1 70.10 518.1751, subd. 1a 517B.28, subd. 2 70.11 518.1751, subd. 1b 517B.28, subd. 3 70.12 518.1751, subd. 2 517B.28, subd. 6 70.13 518.1751, subd. 2a 517B.28, subd. 7 70.14 518.1751, subd. 2b 517B.28, subd. 4 70.15 518.1751, subd. 2c 517B.28, subd. 5 70.16 518.1751, subd. 3 517B.28, subd. 8 70.17 518.1751, subd. 4 517B.28, subd. 13 70.18 518.1751, subd. 4a 517B.28, subd. 9 70.19 518.1751, subd. 5 517B.28, subd. 10 70.20 518.1751, subd. 5a 517B.28, subd. 11 70.21 518.1751, subd. 6 517B.28, subd. 12 70.22 518.176 517B.20 70.23 518.177 517B.04 70.24 518.178 517B.27, subd. 5 70.25 518.179 517B.09 70.26 518.18 517B.21 70.27 518.183 517B.26 70.28 518.612 517B.10 70.29 518.619 517B.07 70.30 Sec. 40. [REPEALER.] 70.31 Minnesota Statutes 2000, sections 518.17; and 518.185, are 70.32 repealed. 70.33 ARTICLE 3 70.34 CHILD SUPPORT 70.35 Section 1. [517C.01] [TITLE.] 70.36 This chapter may be cited as the "Minnesota Child Support 71.1 Act." 71.2 Sec. 2. [517C.02] [DEFINITIONS.] 71.3 Subdivision 1. [SCOPE.] The definitions in this section 71.4 apply to this chapter. 71.5 Subd. 2. [ARREARS.] "Arrears" means amounts owed under a 71.6 support order that are past due. It includes child support, 71.7 pregnancy and confinement expenses, attorney fees, and any other 71.8 obligations addressed in a support order. 71.9 Subd. 3. [BUSINESS DAY.] "Business day" means a day on 71.10 which state offices are open for regular business. 71.11 Subd. 4. [CHILD.] "Child" means an individual under 18 71.12 years of age, an individual under age 20 who is still attending 71.13 secondary school, or an individual who, by reason of physical or 71.14 mental condition, is incapable of self-support. 71.15 Subd. 5. [CHILD SUPPORT.] "Child support" means: 71.16 (1) an award in a dissolution, legal separation, annulment, 71.17 or parentage proceeding for the care, support, and education of 71.18 a child of the marriage or of the parties to the proceeding; 71.19 (2) a contribution by parents ordered under section 256.87; 71.20 or 71.21 (3) support ordered under chapter 518B or 518C. 71.22 Subd. 6. [DEPOSIT ACCOUNT.] "Deposit account" means funds 71.23 deposited with a financial institution in the form of a savings 71.24 account, checking account, NOW account, or demand deposit 71.25 account. 71.26 Subd. 7. [FINANCIAL INSTITUTION.] "Financial institution" 71.27 means a savings association, bank, trust company, credit union, 71.28 industrial loan and thrift company, bank and trust company, or 71.29 savings association, and includes a branch or detached facility 71.30 of a financial institution. 71.31 Subd. 8. [OBLIGEE.] "Obligee" means a person to whom 71.32 payments for child support are owed. 71.33 Subd. 9. [OBLIGOR.] "Obligor" means a person obligated to 71.34 pay child support. A person who is designated as the sole 71.35 physical custodian of a child is presumed not to be an obligor 71.36 for purposes of calculating current support unless the court 72.1 makes specific written findings to overcome this presumption. 72.2 Subd. 10. [PAYMENT.] "Payment" means the payment of child 72.3 support, child care support, medical support, and related 72.4 payments required by order of a tribunal, voluntary support, or 72.5 statutory fees. 72.6 Subd. 11. [PAYOR OF FUNDS.] "Payor of funds" means a 72.7 person or entity that provides funds to an obligor, including an 72.8 employer as defined under chapter 24 of the Internal Revenue 72.9 Code, section 3401(d), an independent contractor, payor of 72.10 workers' compensation benefits or reemployment compensation, or 72.11 a financial institution as defined in section 13B.06. 72.12 Subd. 12. [PUBLIC AUTHORITY.] "Public authority" means the 72.13 local unit of government, acting on behalf of the state, that is 72.14 responsible for child support enforcement or the child support 72.15 enforcement division of the department of human services. 72.16 Subd. 13. [SUBSEQUENT CHILD.] "Subsequent child" means a 72.17 child born after the child who is the subject of the child 72.18 support proceeding. 72.19 Subd. 14. [SUPPORT ORDER.] (a) "Support order" means a 72.20 judgment, decree, or order, whether temporary, final, or subject 72.21 to modification, issued by a court or administrative agency of 72.22 competent jurisdiction that: 72.23 (1) provides for the support of a child, including a child 72.24 who has attained the age of majority under the law of the 72.25 issuing state; 72.26 (2) provides for monetary support, child care, medical 72.27 support including expenses for confinement and pregnancy, 72.28 arrears, or reimbursement; and 72.29 (3) may include related costs and fees, interest and 72.30 penalties, income withholding, and other relief. 72.31 (b) The definition in paragraph (a) applies to orders 72.32 issued under this chapter and chapters 256, 257, 518B, and 518C. 72.33 Subd. 15. [TRIBUNAL.] "Tribunal" has the meaning given in 72.34 section 518C.101. 72.35 Subd. 16. [UNCLAIMED SUPPORT FUNDS.] "Unclaimed support 72.36 funds" means any support payments collected by the public 73.1 authority from the obligor, which have not been disbursed to the 73.2 obligee or public authority. 73.3 Sec. 3. [517C.03] [PROCEDURAL RULES.] 73.4 The supreme court may promulgate rules to be used in child 73.5 support cases. 73.6 Sec. 4. [517C.04] [CHILD SUPPORT ORDERS.] 73.7 Subdivision 1. [ORDER.] (a) Upon dissolution of marriage, 73.8 legal separation, annulment, establishment of paternity, or when 73.9 otherwise required by statute, the court must order child 73.10 support as provided by this chapter. 73.11 (b) Nothing contained in this chapter limits the power of 73.12 the court to make appropriate, adequate orders for the support 73.13 and education of a child of the parties to a dissolution, legal 73.14 separation, or annulment action if the dissolution, legal 73.15 separation, or annulment is denied. 73.16 Subd. 2. [PROVISIONS.] Child support orders must provide 73.17 for general child rearing costs, or basic needs, and must also 73.18 specifically address medical care and child care costs, 73.19 providing for those costs pursuant to this chapter. 73.20 Subd. 3. [AGREEMENTS.] If the parties stipulate or agree 73.21 to a child support order, the court must review the agreement to 73.22 ensure it serves the best interests of the child. The supreme 73.23 court may promulgate rules regarding the review of stipulations 73.24 and agreements. The court may refuse to accept or may alter an 73.25 agreement that does not conform with the requirements of this 73.26 chapter or that is otherwise not in the best interests of the 73.27 child. 73.28 Subd. 4. [PREFERENCE FOR SPECIFIC DOLLAR AMOUNT.] (a) 73.29 There is a presumption in favor of ordering child support in a 73.30 specific dollar amount, as opposed to a percentage of income. 73.31 (b) The court may order an obligor to pay child support in 73.32 the form of a percentage share of the obligor's net bonuses, 73.33 commissions, or other forms of compensation, in addition to, or 73.34 if the obligor receives no base pay, in lieu of an order for a 73.35 specific dollar amount. 73.36 Subd. 5. [PREFERENCE FOR MONTHLY PAYMENT.] There is a 74.1 presumption in favor of ordering child support in an amount that 74.2 reflects an obligor's monthly obligation. 74.3 Subd. 6. [PREFERENCE FOR STATIC PAYMENT.] (a) There is a 74.4 presumption in favor of ordering child support so that an 74.5 obligor makes the same monthly payments throughout the year, as 74.6 opposed to payment amounts that fluctuate by season or month. 74.7 If the obligor is seasonally employed, it is generally the 74.8 responsibility of the obligor to budget income accordingly. 74.9 Subd. 7. [DEPARTURE.] The court may depart from a 74.10 presumption in subdivision 4, 5, or 6 if: 74.11 (1) all parties agree; or 74.12 (2) the presumption would impose an extreme hardship on the 74.13 obligor and would not be in the best interests of the child. 74.14 Subd. 8. [CHILD SUPPORT TO BE DISTINGUISHED FROM 74.15 MAINTENANCE.] In a judgment of dissolution or legal separation, 74.16 the court must clearly distinguish between payments ordered for 74.17 maintenance and payments ordered for child support. An award of 74.18 payments from future income or earnings of the parent with whom 74.19 the child resides is presumed to be maintenance and an award of 74.20 payments from the future income or earnings of the other parent 74.21 is presumed to be child support, unless otherwise designated by 74.22 the court. 74.23 Subd. 9. [OTHER CUSTODIANS.] If a child resides with a 74.24 person other than a parent and the court approves of the custody 74.25 arrangement, the court may order child support payments to be 74.26 made to the custodian regardless of whether the person has legal 74.27 custody. 74.28 Subd. 10. [EITHER PARENT LIABLE; MARITAL MISCONDUCT 74.29 IRRELEVANT.] The court may order either or both parents owing a 74.30 duty of support to a child to pay an amount reasonable or 74.31 necessary for the child's support, without regard to marital 74.32 misconduct. 74.33 Sec. 5. [517C.05] [TEMPORARY ORDERS.] 74.34 Subdivision 1. [MOTION; SCOPE.] In a child support 74.35 proceeding a party may, by motion, request that the court grant 74.36 a temporary order pending the final disposition of the 75.1 proceeding for temporary child support, costs, and reasonable 75.2 attorney fees. Additionally, to facilitate the just and speedy 75.3 disposition of the proceeding, the court may require a party to 75.4 perform or refrain from performing additional acts. 75.5 Subd. 2. [DURATION.] A temporary order continues in full 75.6 force and effect until: 75.7 (1) it is amended; 75.8 (2) it is vacated; 75.9 (3) the main action is dismissed; or 75.10 (4) a final decree of dissolution, legal separation, or 75.11 other final order is entered. 75.12 Subd. 3. [FACTORS.] The court must consider the factors 75.13 set forth in this chapter in making temporary orders. 75.14 Subd. 4. [EVIDENCE.] Temporary orders must be made solely 75.15 on the basis of affidavits and argument of counsel unless: 75.16 (1) a party makes a timely motion or responsive motion to 75.17 hear the matter on oral testimony before the court; or 75.18 (2) the court, in its discretion, orders the taking of oral 75.19 testimony. 75.20 Subd. 5. [LIMITED EFFECT.] A temporary order does not 75.21 prejudice the rights of the parties or the child that are to be 75.22 adjudicated at subsequent hearings in the proceeding. 75.23 Subd. 6. [MODIFICATION.] A temporary order may be revoked 75.24 or modified by the court before the final disposition of the 75.25 proceeding upon the same grounds and subject to the same 75.26 requirements as the initial granting of the order. 75.27 Sec. 6. [517C.06] [DETERMINATION OF CONTROLLING ORDER.] 75.28 The public authority or a party may request the court to 75.29 determine a controlling order when more than one order involving 75.30 the same obligor and child exists. 75.31 Sec. 7. [517C.07] [ATTORNEY FEES; COSTS AND 75.32 DISBURSEMENTS.] 75.33 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL.] (a) Except as provided in 75.34 section 517C.84, in a proceeding under this chapter, the court 75.35 must award attorney fees, costs, and disbursements in an amount 75.36 necessary to enable a party to carry on or contest the 76.1 proceeding if: 76.2 (1) the fees are necessary for the good-faith assertion of 76.3 the party's rights in the proceeding and will not contribute 76.4 unnecessarily to the length and expense of the proceeding; 76.5 (2) the party from whom fees, costs, and disbursements are 76.6 sought has the means to pay them; and 76.7 (3) the party to whom fees, costs, and disbursements are 76.8 awarded does not have the means to pay them. 76.9 (b) Fees, costs, and disbursements may be awarded at any 76.10 point during or after a proceeding under this chapter, including 76.11 if a proceeding is dismissed or abandoned. 76.12 (c) The court may assess costs and disbursements against 76.13 either party. 76.14 Subd. 2. [UNREASONABLE ACTIONS.] The court may, in its 76.15 discretion, assess additional fees, costs, and disbursements 76.16 against a party who unreasonably contributes to the length or 76.17 expense of the proceeding. 76.18 Subd. 3. [COLLECTION.] The court may authorize the 76.19 collection of money awarded by execution, or out of property 76.20 sequestered, or in any other manner within the power of the 76.21 court. An award of attorney fees survives the proceeding. If 76.22 the award is not paid by the party directed to pay it, the award 76.23 may be enforced as provided by this subdivision or by a separate 76.24 civil action brought in the attorney's own name. 76.25 Sec. 8. [517C.10] [EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION.] 76.26 Subdivision 1. [DOCUMENTATION.] The parties must timely 76.27 serve and file documentation of earnings and income. 76.28 Documentation of earnings and income includes, but is not 76.29 limited to, pay stubs for the most recent three months, employer 76.30 statements, or statement of receipts and expenses if 76.31 self-employed. Documentation of earnings and income also 76.32 includes copies of each parent's most recent federal tax 76.33 returns, W-2 forms, 1099 forms, reemployment compensation 76.34 statements, workers' compensation statements, and all other 76.35 documents evidencing the receipt of income that provide 76.36 verification of income over a longer period. 77.1 Subd. 2. [ANNUAL EXCHANGE OF TAX RETURNS.] An obligor and 77.2 obligee must annually provide all other parties with a copy of 77.3 his or her federal tax return filed with the Internal Revenue 77.4 Service. 77.5 Subd. 3. [NOTICE OF ADDRESS OR RESIDENCE CHANGE.] An 77.6 obligor must notify other parties of a change of address or 77.7 residence within 60 days of the address or residence change. 77.8 Subd. 4. [NOTICE TO PUBLIC AUTHORITY; PUBLIC ASSISTANCE.] 77.9 The petitioner must notify the public authority of all 77.10 proceedings for dissolution, legal separation, determination of 77.11 parentage, or for the custody of a child, if either party is 77.12 receiving public assistance or applies for it subsequent to the 77.13 commencement of the proceeding. The notice must contain the 77.14 full names of the parties to the proceeding, their social 77.15 security account numbers, and their birth dates. 77.16 Subd. 5. [FAILURE OF NOTICE.] If the court in a 77.17 dissolution, legal separation, or determination of parentage 77.18 proceeding, finds before issuing the order for judgment and 77.19 decree, that notification has not been given to the public 77.20 authority, the court must set child support according to the 77.21 guidelines in this chapter. In those proceedings in which no 77.22 notification has been made pursuant to this section and in which 77.23 the public authority determines that the judgment is lower than 77.24 the child support required by the guidelines in this chapter, it 77.25 must move the court for a redetermination of the support 77.26 payments ordered so that the support payments comply with the 77.27 guidelines. 77.28 Sec. 9. [517C.11] [PRIVACY PROTECTION; PERSONAL 77.29 PROTECTION.] 77.30 Subdivision 1. [SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS; TAX RETURNS.] The 77.31 social security numbers and tax returns required under this 77.32 chapter are not accessible to the public, except that they must 77.33 be disclosed to the other parties to a proceeding as provided in 77.34 section 517C.10. 77.35 Subd. 2. [MODIFICATION OF CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS.] The court 77.36 may modify or limit the information exchange requirements of 78.1 this chapter by order if necessary to protect a party from 78.2 contact by another party. 78.3 Subd. 3. [ACCESS TO ADDRESS FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS.] (a) 78.4 If the public authority is a party or is providing services in a 78.5 support case, a party may obtain an ex parte order under this 78.6 subdivision. The party may obtain an ex parte order requiring 78.7 the public authority to serve legal documents on the other party 78.8 by mail if the party submits a sworn affidavit to the court 78.9 stating that: 78.10 (1) the party needs to serve legal process in a support 78.11 proceeding and does not have access to the address of the other 78.12 party; 78.13 (2) the party has made reasonable efforts to locate the 78.14 other party; and 78.15 (3) the other party is not represented by counsel. 78.16 (b) The public authority must serve legal documents 78.17 provided by the moving party at the last known address of the 78.18 other party upon receipt of a court order under paragraph (a). 78.19 The public authority must provide for appropriate service and 78.20 must certify to all parties the date of service by mail. The 78.21 public authority's proof of service must not include the place 78.22 or address of service. 78.23 (c) The state court administrator must prepare and make 78.24 available forms for use in seeking access to an address under 78.25 this subdivision. 78.26 Sec. 10. [517C.12] [INCOME.] 78.27 Subdivision 1. [SOURCES.] For purposes of this chapter, 78.28 income includes any form of periodic payment to an individual 78.29 including, but not limited to: 78.30 (1) wages; 78.31 (2) salaries; 78.32 (3) payments to an independent contractor; 78.33 (4) workers' compensation; 78.34 (5) reemployment compensation; 78.35 (6) annuity; 78.36 (7) military and naval retirement; 79.1 (8) pension and disability payments; and 79.2 (9) in-kind payments received by the obligor in the course 79.3 of employment, self-employment, or operation of a business if 79.4 the payments reduce the obligor's living expenses. 79.5 Subd. 2. [COMMISSIONS; BONUSES.] If the court finds that a 79.6 party's commissions or bonuses are reliable and predictable, the 79.7 court may include them in income calculations. 79.8 Subd. 3. [SELF-EMPLOYMENT; INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS.] (a) 79.9 Income from self-employment is equal to gross receipts minus 79.10 ordinary and necessary expenses. Ordinary and necessary 79.11 expenses include what would otherwise be the employer's share of 79.12 the contributions under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act 79.13 (FICA), United States Code, title 26, subtitle C, chapter 21, 79.14 subchapter A, sections 3101 to 3126. Ordinary and necessary 79.15 expenses do not necessarily include amounts allowed by the 79.16 Internal Revenue Service for accelerated depreciation expenses 79.17 or investment tax credits or any other business expenses 79.18 determined by the court to be inappropriate for determining 79.19 income for purposes of child support. The person seeking to 79.20 deduct an expense, including depreciation, has the burden of 79.21 proving, if challenged, that the expense is ordinary and 79.22 necessary. Income calculated under this section may be 79.23 different from taxable income. 79.24 Subd. 4. [PUBLIC ASSISTANCE EXCLUSIONS.] Benefits received 79.25 under chapter 256J and Title IV-A of the Social Security Act are 79.26 not income under this section. 79.27 Subd. 5. [OVERTIME.] (a) Income does not include 79.28 compensation received by a party for employment in excess of a 79.29 40-hour work week if: 79.30 (1) the excess employment is not within the normal range of 79.31 hours worked, given the party's employment history; 79.32 (2) the excess employment is voluntary and not a condition 79.33 of employment; 79.34 (3) the excess employment is in the nature of additional, 79.35 part-time or overtime employment compensable by the hour or 79.36 fraction of an hour; and 80.1 (4) the party's compensation structure has not been changed 80.2 for the purpose of affecting a child support obligation. 80.3 (b) The court may presume that a party with seasonal or 80.4 intermittent income who works periods in excess of a 40-hour 80.5 work week, but who works a substantially normal number of hours 80.6 over the course of a year, is working within the normal range of 80.7 hours worked. 80.8 Subd. 6. [INCOME OF A SPOUSE OR OTHER HOUSEHOLD 80.9 MEMBER.] (a) Income must not include the income of a party's 80.10 spouse or other household member. The court must not consider 80.11 the income or resources provided by a spouse or other household 80.12 member when determining all the earnings, income, and resources 80.13 of a parent under section 517C.17. 80.14 (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), the court may issue an 80.15 order permitting discovery of a spouse or other household 80.16 member's income information if there is probable cause to 80.17 believe the spouse or other household member is being used to 80.18 shelter income from a party. If the court finds that income was 80.19 improperly or unfairly sheltered, it may impute income to the 80.20 party or otherwise adjust the support amount in a just and 80.21 proper manner. However, the court may not under any 80.22 circumstances consider income or resources properly attributable 80.23 to a spouse or other household member when setting support. 80.24 Sec. 11. [517C.125] [NET INCOME.] 80.25 (a) "Net income" means total monthly income under section 80.26 517C.12 minus: 80.27 (1) federal income tax; 80.28 (2) state income tax; 80.29 (3) social security deductions; 80.30 (4) reasonable pension deductions; 80.31 (5) union dues; 80.32 (6) cost of dependent health insurance coverage; 80.33 (7) cost of individual or group health and hospitalization 80.34 coverage or an amount for actual medical expenses; and 80.35 (8) a child support or maintenance order that an obligor 80.36 currently pays. 81.1 (b) Standard deductions apply to paragraph (a), clauses (1) 81.2 and (2). The use of tax tables is recommended in determining 81.3 the amounts under paragraph (a), clauses (1) and (2). 81.4 Sec. 12. [517C.13] [IMPUTED INCOME.] 81.5 Subdivision 1. [NONAPPEARANCE OF A PARTY.] If a parent 81.6 under the jurisdiction of the court does not appear at a court 81.7 hearing after proper notice of the time and place of the 81.8 hearing, the court must set income for that parent based on 81.9 credible evidence before the court or in accordance with 81.10 subdivision 3. Credible evidence may include documentation of 81.11 current or recent income, testimony of the other parent 81.12 concerning recent earnings and income levels, and the parent's 81.13 wage reports filed with the Minnesota department of economic 81.14 security under section 268.044. 81.15 Subd. 2. [VOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT OR UNDEREMPLOYMENT.] (a) 81.16 If the court finds that a parent is voluntarily unemployed or 81.17 underemployed or was voluntarily unemployed or underemployed 81.18 during the period for which past support is being sought, 81.19 support must be calculated based on a determination of imputed 81.20 income. 81.21 (b) A parent is not considered voluntarily unemployed or 81.22 underemployed upon a showing by the parent that: 81.23 (1) the unemployment or underemployment is temporary and 81.24 will ultimately lead to an increase in income; 81.25 (2) the unemployment or underemployment represents a bona 81.26 fide career change that outweighs the adverse effect of that 81.27 parent's diminished income on the child; 81.28 (3) the parent is a recipient of public assistance under 81.29 section 256.741; or 81.30 (4) the parent is physically or mentally incapacitated. 81.31 (c) Imputed income means the estimated earning ability of a 81.32 parent based on the parent's prior earnings history, education, 81.33 and job skills, and on availability of jobs within the community 81.34 for an individual with the parent's qualifications. 81.35 Subd. 3. [INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION.] If there is 81.36 insufficient information to determine actual income or to impute 82.1 income pursuant to subdivision 1 or 2, the court may calculate 82.2 support based on full-time employment of 40 hours per week at 82.3 150 percent of the federal minimum wage or the Minnesota minimum 82.4 wage, whichever is higher. 82.5 Sec. 13. [517C.14] [PRESUMPTIVE CHILD SUPPORT ORDER; 82.6 GENERAL.] 82.7 Subdivision 1. [REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION.] The guidelines in 82.8 sections 517C.12 to 517C.16 are a rebuttable presumption and 82.9 must be used in all cases when establishing or modifying child 82.10 support. 82.11 Subd. 2. [MINIMUM SUPPORT AMOUNT.] If the obligor's net 82.12 monthly income is $550 or below, the court must order child 82.13 support based on the obligor's ability to provide support at the 82.14 obligor's income level, or at higher levels, if the obligor has 82.15 the earning ability. 82.16 Subd. 3. [CHILD SUPPORT CAP.] (a) The dollar amount of the 82.17 income limit for application of the table under section 517C.16 82.18 must be adjusted on July 1 of every even-numbered year to 82.19 reflect cost-of-living changes. The supreme court must select 82.20 the index for the adjustment from the indices listed in section 82.21 517C.31, subdivision 3. The state court administrator must make 82.22 the changes in the dollar amount required by this subdivision 82.23 available to courts and the public on or before April 30 of the 82.24 year in which the amount is to change. 82.25 (b) A court may order a basic needs obligation in a child 82.26 support order in an amount that exceeds the limit in paragraph 82.27 (a) if it finds that a child has a disability or other 82.28 substantial, demonstrated need for the additional support and 82.29 that the additional support will directly benefit the child. 82.30 Subd. 4. [CHILD'S INSURANCE BENEFIT.] In establishing or 82.31 modifying child support, if a child receives a child's insurance 82.32 benefit under United States Code, title 42, section 402, because 82.33 the obligor is entitled to old age or disability insurance 82.34 benefits, the amount of support ordered must be offset by the 82.35 amount of the child's benefit. The court must make findings 82.36 regarding the obligor's income from all sources, the child 83.1 support amount calculated under this chapter, the amount of the 83.2 child's benefit, and the obligor's child support obligation. A 83.3 benefit received by the child in a given month in excess of the 83.4 child support obligation must not be treated as a payment of 83.5 arrears or a future payment. 83.6 Sec. 14. [517C.15] [MEDICAL SUPPORT.] 83.7 Subdivision 1. [ERISA COMPLIANCE.] Compliance with this 83.8 section constitutes compliance with a qualified medical child 83.9 support order as described in the federal Employee Retirement 83.10 Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) as amended by the federal 83.11 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (OBRA). 83.12 Subd. 2. [DENTAL INSURANCE AND EXPENSES; OTHER 83.13 EXPENSES.] Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise: 83.14 (1) "health insurance" includes dental insurance; and 83.15 (2) "medical expenses" includes, but is not limited to, 83.16 necessary dental, orthodontia, and eye care, including 83.17 prescription lenses. 83.18 Subd. 3. [ORDER.] (a) A child support order must: 83.19 (1) expressly assign or reserve the responsibility for 83.20 maintaining health insurance for the child; 83.21 (2) expressly assign or reserve the division of uninsured 83.22 medical expenses; and 83.23 (3) contain the names, last known addresses, and social 83.24 security numbers of the obligor, obligee, and the child unless 83.25 the court prohibits the inclusion of an address or social 83.26 security number and orders the obligee to provide the address 83.27 and social security number to the administrator of the health 83.28 plan. 83.29 Subd. 4. [COVERAGE.] (a) The court must order the party 83.30 with the better group dependent health insurance coverage or 83.31 health insurance plan to name the minor child as beneficiary on 83.32 a health insurance plan that is available to the party: 83.33 (1) on a group basis; 83.34 (2) through an employer or union; or 83.35 (3) through a group health plan governed under ERISA and 83.36 included within the definitions relating to health plans found 84.1 in section 62A.011, 62A.048, or 62E.06, subdivision 2. 84.2 (b) "Health insurance" or "health insurance coverage" as 84.3 used in this section means coverage that is comparable to or 84.4 better than a number two qualified plan as defined in section 84.5 62E.06, subdivision 2. Health insurance or health insurance 84.6 coverage as used in this section does not include medical 84.7 assistance provided under chapter 256, 256B, 256J, 256K, or 256D. 84.8 (c) If more than one plan is available, the child must be 84.9 enrolled in the least costly health insurance plan otherwise 84.10 available to the obligor that is comparable to a number two 84.11 qualified plan. 84.12 Subd. 5. [DIVISION OF COSTS.] (a) Unless otherwise agreed 84.13 by the parties and approved by the court, the court must order 84.14 that the cost of health insurance and medical expenses be 84.15 divided between the obligor and obligee based on their 84.16 proportionate share of their total net income under section 84.17 517C.125, if the court finds that the obligee: 84.18 (1) is not receiving public assistance for the child; and 84.19 (2) has the financial ability to contribute to the health 84.20 insurance costs and medical expenses for the child. 84.21 (b) The court must order the obligor to pay for a portion 84.22 or all of the child's medical expenses not covered by the 84.23 required health insurance, if the court finds: 84.24 (1) the available dependent health insurance does not pay 84.25 all of the child's reasonable and necessary medical expenses, 84.26 including any existing or anticipated extraordinary medical 84.27 expenses; and 84.28 (2) the obligor has the financial ability to contribute to 84.29 the payment of these medical expenses. 84.30 Subd. 6. [EMPLOYER OR GROUP INSURANCE NOT AVAILABLE.] If 84.31 the court finds that dependent health insurance is not available 84.32 to the obligor or obligee on a group basis or through an 84.33 employer or union, or that group insurance is not accessible to 84.34 the obligee, the court may require the obligor to: 84.35 (1) obtain other dependent health insurance; 84.36 (2) be liable for reasonable and necessary medical expenses 85.1 of the child; or 85.2 (3) pay no less than $50 per month to be applied to the 85.3 child's medical expenses or to the cost of health insurance 85.4 dependent coverage. 85.5 Subd. 7. [OBLIGOR LIABILITY.] (a) An obligor who fails to 85.6 maintain health insurance for the child's benefit as ordered or 85.7 fails to provide other medical support as ordered is liable to 85.8 the obligee for medical expenses incurred from the effective 85.9 date of the court order, including health insurance premiums 85.10 paid by the obligee because of the obligor's failure to obtain 85.11 coverage as ordered. 85.12 (b) Proof of failure to maintain insurance or noncompliance 85.13 with an order to provide other medical support constitutes a 85.14 showing of increased need by the obligee pursuant to section 85.15 517C.28 and provides a basis for a modification of the obligor's 85.16 child support order. 85.17 (c) Payments for services rendered to the dependents that 85.18 are directed to the obligor, in the form of reimbursement by the 85.19 health insurance carrier or employer, must be endorsed over to 85.20 and forwarded to the vendor, obligee, or public authority when 85.21 the reimbursement is not owed to the obligor. An obligor 85.22 retaining insurance reimbursement not owed to the obligor may be 85.23 found in contempt of court and held liable for the amount of the 85.24 reimbursement. 85.25 (d) Upon written verification by the health insurance 85.26 carrier or employer of the amounts paid to the obligor, the 85.27 reimbursement amount is subject to all enforcement remedies 85.28 available under this chapter. 85.29 Subd. 8. [SUBSTITUTE COVERAGE; ADDITIONAL SUPPORT.] For 85.30 the purpose of enforcement, the costs of individual or group 85.31 health insurance coverage, all medical expenses ordered by the 85.32 court to be paid by the obligor, including health insurance 85.33 premiums paid by the obligee because of the obligor's failure to 85.34 obtain coverage as ordered, or liabilities established pursuant 85.35 to this section, are considered additional child support. 85.36 Subd. 9. [OBLIGEE CONTEMPT.] An obligee who fails to apply 86.1 payments received to the medical expenses of the dependents may 86.2 be found in contempt of court. 86.3 Subd. 10. [SPOUSAL OR EX-SPOUSAL COVERAGE.] The court must 86.4 require the obligor to provide dependent health insurance for 86.5 the obligee's benefit if it is available at no additional cost 86.6 to the obligor. If coverage is available at no additional cost 86.7 to the obligor, the provisions of this section apply. 86.8 Subd. 11. [EMPLOYER AND OBLIGOR RESPONSIBILITY.] If 86.9 medical support is required to be withheld, an obligor must 86.10 notify an employer at the time of hiring. If an employee 86.11 discloses that medical support is required to be withheld, the 86.12 employer must begin withholding according to the terms of the 86.13 order and the income withholding provisions of this chapter. If 86.14 an individual discloses an obligation to obtain dependent health 86.15 insurance coverage and coverage is available through the 86.16 employer, the employer must make all application processes known 86.17 to the individual upon hiring and enroll the employee and 86.18 dependent in the plan. 86.19 Subd. 12. [NOTICE TO EMPLOYER BY COURT OR OBLIGEE.] (a) 86.20 The court may send notice of the medical support order to the 86.21 obligor's employer, union, or health insurance carrier. 86.22 (b) The obligee or public authority may send notice of the 86.23 medical support order to the obligor's employer, union, or 86.24 health insurance carrier if: 86.25 (1) the obligor fails to provide written proof to the 86.26 obligee or the public authority, within 30 days of the effective 86.27 date of the court order, that the insurance has been obtained; 86.28 (2) the obligee or the public authority serves written 86.29 notice of its intent to enforce medical support on the obligor 86.30 by mail at the obligor's last known address; and 86.31 (3) the obligor fails within 15 days after the mailing of 86.32 the notice to provide written proof to the obligee or the public 86.33 authority that the insurance coverage existed as of the date of 86.34 mailing. 86.35 (c) The employer or union must forward a copy of the order 86.36 to the health insurance plan offered by the employer. 87.1 Subd. 13. [ORDER BINDING ON EMPLOYER.] (a) The order is 87.2 binding on the employer or union and the health insurance plan 87.3 when service under subdivision 12 has been made. In the case of 87.4 an obligor who changes employment and is required to provide 87.5 health insurance coverage for the child, a new employer that 87.6 provides health insurance coverage must enroll the child in the 87.7 obligor's health plan upon receipt of an order or notice for 87.8 health insurance. 87.9 Subd. 14. [EMPLOYER REQUIREMENTS.] (a) An employer or 87.10 union that is included under ERISA may not deny enrollment based 87.11 on exclusionary clauses described in section 62A.048. 87.12 Enrollment is not subject to the underwriting policies described 87.13 in section 62A.048. 87.14 (b) Upon application of the obligor according to the order 87.15 or notice, the employer or union and its health insurance plan 87.16 must enroll the child as a beneficiary in the group insurance 87.17 plan and withhold any required premium from the obligor's income 87.18 or wages. 87.19 (c) If more than one plan is offered by the employer or 87.20 union, the child must be enrolled in the least costly health 87.21 insurance plan otherwise available to the obligor that is 87.22 comparable to a number two qualified plan. 87.23 (d) If the obligor is not enrolled in a health insurance 87.24 plan, the employer or union must also enroll the obligor in the 87.25 chosen plan if enrollment of the obligor is necessary in order 87.26 to obtain dependent coverage under the plan. 87.27 (e) Enrollment of dependents and the obligor must be 87.28 immediate and not dependent upon open enrollment periods. 87.29 (f) The obligor's failure to execute the documents 87.30 necessary to enroll the dependent in the group health insurance 87.31 plan will not affect the obligation of the employer or union and 87.32 group health insurance plan to enroll the dependent in a plan. 87.33 Information and authorization provided by the public authority, 87.34 obligee, or a guardian is valid for the purposes of meeting the 87.35 health plan's enrollment requirements. 87.36 (g) Insurance coverage for an eligible child must not be 88.1 terminated except as authorized in subdivision 21. 88.2 Subd. 15. [EMPLOYER LIABILITY.] An employer or union that 88.3 willfully fails to comply with a medical support order is liable 88.4 for medical expenses incurred by the dependents during the 88.5 period of time the dependents were eligible to be enrolled in 88.6 the insurance program, and for other premium costs incurred 88.7 because the employer or union willfully failed to comply with 88.8 the order. An employer or union that fails to comply with the 88.9 order is subject to contempt under section 517C.57 and is also 88.10 subject to a fine of $500 to be paid to the obligee or public 88.11 authority. Fines paid to the public authority are designated 88.12 for child support enforcement services. 88.13 Subd. 16. [REIMBURSEMENT; CLAIMS.] The obligee's signature 88.14 is a valid authorization to a health insurance plan for purposes 88.15 of processing an insurance reimbursement payment to a provider 88.16 of medical services or to the obligee if medical services have 88.17 been prepaid by the obligee. 88.18 Subd. 17. [CORRESPONDENCE.] The health insurance plan must 88.19 send copies of all correspondence regarding the insurance 88.20 coverage to both parents. 88.21 Subd. 18. [NOTICE OF TERMINATION.] When an order for 88.22 dependent insurance coverage is in effect and the obligor's 88.23 employment is terminated, or the insurance coverage is 88.24 terminated, the health insurance plan must notify the obligee 88.25 within ten days of the termination date with notice of 88.26 conversion privileges. 88.27 Subd. 19. [RELEASE OF INFORMATION.] (a) When an order for 88.28 dependent insurance coverage is in effect, the obligor's 88.29 employer, union, or insurance agent must release to the obligee 88.30 or the public authority, upon request, information on the 88.31 dependent coverage, including the health insurance carrier's or 88.32 employer's name. The employer, union, or health insurance plan 88.33 must provide the obligee with insurance identification cards and 88.34 all necessary written information to enable the obligee to 88.35 utilize the insurance benefits for the covered dependents. 88.36 Notwithstanding any other law, information reported pursuant to 89.1 section 268.044 must be released to the public authority. 89.2 (b) The public authority is authorized to release to the 89.3 obligor's health insurance carrier or employer information 89.4 necessary to obtain or enforce medical support. 89.5 Subd. 20. [CONTEST.] (a) The obligor may contest the 89.6 child's enrollment in an available health plan on the limited 89.7 grounds that the enrollment is improper due to a mistake of fact 89.8 or on grounds permitted under section 517C.28. If the obligor 89.9 chooses to contest the enrollment, no later than 15 days after 89.10 the employer notifies the obligor of the enrollment, the obligor 89.11 must: 89.12 (1) file a request for a contested hearing under section 89.13 484.702; 89.14 (2) serve a copy of the request for a contested hearing on 89.15 the public authority and the obligee; and 89.16 (3) secure a date for the contested hearing no later than 89.17 45 days after the notice of enrollment. 89.18 (b) The enrollment must remain in place during the time 89.19 period in which the obligor contests the withholding. 89.20 Subd. 21. [DISENROLLMENT.] (a) A minor child that an 89.21 obligor is required to cover as a beneficiary pursuant to this 89.22 section is eligible for insurance coverage as a dependent of the 89.23 obligor until the child is emancipated or until further order of 89.24 the court. 89.25 (b) The health insurance carrier or employer may not 89.26 disenroll or eliminate coverage of the child unless: 89.27 (1) the health insurance carrier or employer is provided 89.28 satisfactory written evidence that the court order is no longer 89.29 in effect; 89.30 (2) the child is or will be enrolled in comparable health 89.31 insurance coverage through another health insurance plan that 89.32 will take effect no later than the effective date of the 89.33 disenrollment; 89.34 (3) the employer has eliminated family health coverage for 89.35 all of its employees; or 89.36 (4) the required premium has not been paid by or on behalf 90.1 of the child. 90.2 (c) If disenrollment or elimination of the child's coverage 90.3 under this subdivision is based upon nonpayment of premium, the 90.4 health insurance plan must provide 30 days' written notice to 90.5 the obligee prior to the disenrollment or elimination of 90.6 coverage. 90.7 Sec. 15. [517C.155] [CHILD CARE SUPPORT.] 90.8 (a) The court must review an obligee's work-related and 90.9 education-related child care costs and allocate the costs to 90.10 each parent in proportion to each parent's net income, as 90.11 determined under section 517C.125. The allocation of costs must 90.12 occur after the transfer of child support and spousal 90.13 maintenance, unless the allocation would be substantially unfair 90.14 to either parent. There is a presumption of substantial 90.15 unfairness if, after the sum total of child support, spousal 90.16 maintenance, and child care costs is subtracted from the 90.17 obligor's income, the income is at or below 100 percent of the 90.18 federal poverty guidelines. 90.19 (b) The cost of child care for purposes of this section is 90.20 75 percent of the actual cost paid for child care, to reflect 90.21 the approximate value of state and federal tax credits available 90.22 to the obligee. The actual cost paid for child care is the 90.23 total amount received by the child care provider from the 90.24 obligee or any public agency for the obligor's child or children. 90.25 (c) The court must require verification of employment or 90.26 school attendance and documentation of child care expenses from 90.27 the obligee and the public authority, if applicable. 90.28 (d) If child care expenses fluctuate during the year 90.29 because of seasonal employment or school attendance of the 90.30 obligee or extended periods of parenting time with the obligor, 90.31 the court must determine child care expenses based on an average 90.32 monthly cost. 90.33 (e) The amount allocated for child care expenses is 90.34 considered child support but is not subject to a cost-of-living 90.35 adjustment under section 517C.31. 90.36 (f) The amount allocated for child care expenses terminates 91.1 when either party notifies the public authority that the child 91.2 care costs have ended and without any legal action on the part 91.3 of either party. The public authority must verify the 91.4 information received under this paragraph before authorizing 91.5 termination. The termination is effective as of the date of the 91.6 notification. In other cases where there is a substantial 91.7 increase or decrease in child care expenses, the parties may 91.8 modify the order under section 517C.28. 91.9 (g) The court may allow the parent with whom the child does 91.10 not reside to care for the child while the parent with whom the 91.11 child resides is working, as provided in section 517B.27, 91.12 subdivision 8. Allowing the parent with whom the child does not 91.13 reside to care for the child under section 517B.27, subdivision 91.14 8, is not a reason to deviate from the guidelines. 91.15 Sec. 16. [517C.16] [CHILD SUPPORT; BASIC NEEDS.] 91.16 (a) The court must derive a basic needs child support 91.17 obligation by multiplying the obligor's monthly net income by 91.18 the percentage indicated in the following table: 91.19 Obligor's Net Number of Children 91.20 Income per Month 91.21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 or 91.22 more 91.23 $551 - 600 16% 19% 22% 25% 28% 30% 32% 91.24 $601 - 650 17% 21% 24% 27% 29% 32% 34% 91.25 $651 - 700 18% 22% 25% 28% 31% 34% 36% 91.26 $701 - 750 19% 23% 27% 30% 33% 36% 38% 91.27 $751 - 800 20% 24% 28% 31% 35% 38% 40% 91.28 $801 - 850 21% 25% 29% 33% 36% 40% 42% 91.29 $851 - 900 22% 27% 31% 34% 38% 41% 44% 91.30 $901 - 950 23% 28% 32% 36% 40% 43% 46% 91.31 $951 - 1000 24% 29% 34% 38% 41% 45% 48% 91.32 $1001- 5000 25% 30% 35% 39% 43% 47% 50% 91.33 or the amount 91.34 in effect under 91.35 section 517C.14, 91.36 subdivision 3. 92.1 (b) If the obligor's monthly net income is $550 or below, 92.2 the court must order a minimum child support amount under 92.3 section 517C.14, subdivision 2. 92.4 (c) If the obligor's monthly net income exceeds the income 92.5 limit currently in effect under section 517C.14, subdivision 3, 92.6 the basic needs child support amount must be the same dollar 92.7 amount provided for in paragraph (a) for an obligor with a 92.8 monthly net income equal to the income limit in effect. 92.9 Sec. 17. [517C.17] [DEVIATIONS.] 92.10 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL FACTORS.] In addition to the child 92.11 support guidelines, the court must take into consideration the 92.12 following factors in setting or modifying child support or in 92.13 determining whether to deviate from the guidelines: 92.14 (1) all earnings, income, and resources of the parents, 92.15 including real and personal property, but excluding income from 92.16 excess employment of the obligor or obligee that meets the 92.17 criteria of section 517C.12, subdivision 5; 92.18 (2) the financial needs and resources, physical and 92.19 emotional condition, and educational needs of the child to be 92.20 supported; 92.21 (3) the standard of living the child would have enjoyed had 92.22 the marriage not been dissolved, but recognizing that the 92.23 parents now have separate households; 92.24 (4) which parent receives the income taxation dependency 92.25 exemption and the financial benefit the parent receives from it; 92.26 (5) the parents' debts as provided in subdivision 2; and 92.27 (6) the obligor's receipt of public assistance under the 92.28 AFDC program formerly codified under sections 256.72 to 256.82 92.29 or 256B.01 to 256B.40 and chapter 256J or 256K. 92.30 Subd. 2. [DEBT.] In establishing or modifying a support 92.31 obligation, the court may consider debts owed to private 92.32 creditors, but only if: 92.33 (1) the right to support has not been assigned under 92.34 section 256.741; 92.35 (2) the court determines that the debt was reasonably 92.36 incurred for necessary support of the child or parent or for the 93.1 necessary generation of income. If the debt was incurred for 93.2 the necessary generation of income, the court may consider only 93.3 the amount of debt that is essential to the continuing 93.4 generation of income; and 93.5 (3) the party requesting a departure produces a sworn 93.6 schedule of the debts, with supporting documentation, showing 93.7 goods or services purchased, the recipient of them, the amount 93.8 of the original debt, the outstanding balance, the monthly 93.9 payment, and the number of months until the debt will be fully 93.10 paid. 93.11 (b) A schedule prepared under paragraph (a), clause (3), 93.12 must contain a statement that the debt will be fully paid after 93.13 the number of months shown in the schedule, barring emergencies 93.14 beyond the party's control. 93.15 (c) Any further departure below the guidelines that is 93.16 based on a consideration of debts owed to private creditors must 93.17 not exceed 18 months in duration. After 18 months the support 93.18 must increase automatically to the level ordered by the court. 93.19 This section does not prohibit one or more step increases in 93.20 support to reflect debt retirement during the 18-month period. 93.21 (d) If payment of debt is ordered pursuant to this section, 93.22 the payment must be ordered to be in the nature of child support. 93.23 Subd. 3. [EVIDENCE.] The court may receive evidence on the 93.24 factors in this section to determine if the guidelines should be 93.25 exceeded or modified in a particular case. 93.26 Subd. 4. [NO DEVIATION WHEN PAYMENTS ARE MADE TO THE 93.27 PUBLIC AUTHORITY EXCEPT FOR EXTREME HARDSHIP.] If the child 93.28 support payments are assigned to the public authority, the court 93.29 may not deviate downward from the child support guidelines 93.30 unless the court specifically finds that the failure to deviate 93.31 downward would impose an extreme hardship on the obligor. 93.32 Subd. 5. [NO DEPARTURE BASED ON JOINT LEGAL CUSTODY.] An 93.33 award of joint legal custody is not a reason for departure from 93.34 the guidelines. 93.35 Sec. 18. [517C.18] [WRITTEN FINDINGS.] 93.36 Subdivision 1. [NO DEVIATION.] If the court does not 94.1 deviate from the guidelines, the court must make written 94.2 findings concerning the amount of the obligor's income used as 94.3 the basis for the guidelines calculation and any other 94.4 significant evidentiary factors affecting the determination of 94.5 child support. 94.6 Subd. 2. [DEVIATION.] (a) If the court deviates from the 94.7 guidelines, the court must make written findings giving the 94.8 amount of support calculated under the guidelines, the reasons 94.9 for the deviation, and must specifically address the criteria in 94.10 section 517C.17 and how the deviation serves the best interests 94.11 of the child. 94.12 (b) The court may deviate from the guidelines if both 94.13 parties agree and the court makes written findings that it is in 94.14 the best interests of the child, except that in cases where 94.15 child support payments are assigned to the public authority 94.16 under section 256.741, the court may deviate downward only as 94.17 provided in section 517C.17, subdivision 4. Nothing in this 94.18 section prohibits the court from deviating in other cases. 94.19 Subd. 3. [WRITTEN FINDINGS REQUIRED IN EVERY CASE.] The 94.20 provisions of this section apply whether or not the parties are 94.21 each represented by independent counsel and have entered into a 94.22 written agreement. The court must review stipulations presented 94.23 to it for conformity to the guidelines. The court is not 94.24 required to conduct a hearing, but the parties must provide the 94.25 documentation of earnings required under section 517C.10. 94.26 Sec. 19. [517C.19] [GUIDELINES REVIEW.] 94.27 No later than 2004 and every four years after that, the 94.28 department of human services must conduct a review of the child 94.29 support guidelines. 94.30 Sec. 20. [517C.20] [EDUCATION TRUST FUND.] 94.31 The parties may agree to designate a sum of money above 94.32 court-ordered child support as a trust fund for the costs of 94.33 post-secondary education. 94.34 Sec. 21. [517C.25] [MODIFICATION; GENERAL.] 94.35 Subdivision 1. [AUTHORITY.] After a child support order is 94.36 established, the court may, on motion of a party, modify the 95.1 order respecting the amount and payment of support. The court 95.2 may make an order respecting any matters it had authority to 95.3 address in the original proceeding, except as otherwise provided 95.4 in section 517C.29. A party or the public authority also may 95.5 make a motion for contempt of court if the obligor is in arrears 95.6 in support payments. 95.7 Subd. 2. [GUIDELINES REMAIN APPLICABLE.] On a motion for 95.8 modification of support, the guidelines in this chapter remain 95.9 applicable. 95.10 Subd. 3. [EVIDENTIARY HEARING NOT REQUIRED.] The court 95.11 need not hold an evidentiary hearing on a motion for 95.12 modification of child support. 95.13 Subd. 4. [FORM.] The state court administrator must 95.14 prepare and make available to courts, obligors, and obligees a 95.15 form to be submitted in support of a motion for a modification 95.16 of child support or for contempt of court. 95.17 Sec. 22. [517C.26] [REOPENING AN ORDER.] 95.18 Subdivision 1. [FACTORS.] Upon the motion of a party, the 95.19 court may rescind a child support order or judgment and may 95.20 issue a new order or grant other relief as may be just for the 95.21 following reasons: 95.22 (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; 95.23 (2) newly discovered evidence that could not have been 95.24 discovered by due diligence in time to move for a new trial 95.25 under the rules of civil procedure; 95.26 (3) fraud, whether denominated intrinsic or extrinsic, 95.27 misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party; 95.28 (4) the judgment or order is void; 95.29 (5) the judgment has been satisfied, released, or 95.30 discharged; 95.31 (6) the judgment is based on a prior order that has been 95.32 reversed or otherwise vacated; or 95.33 (7) it is no longer equitable that the order should have 95.34 prospective application. 95.35 Subd. 2. [PROCEDURE; EFFECT.] The motion must be made 95.36 within a reasonable time, and, for a reason under subdivision 1, 96.1 clause (1), (2), or (3), not more than one year after the 96.2 judgment and decree, order, or proceeding was entered or taken. 96.3 A motion under this section does not affect the finality of an 96.4 order or suspend its operation. This section does not limit the 96.5 power of a court to entertain an independent action to relieve a 96.6 party from an order or proceeding or to grant relief to a party 96.7 not actually personally notified as provided in the rules of 96.8 civil procedure, or to set aside a judgment for fraud upon the 96.9 court. 96.10 Sec. 23. [517C.27] [CHANGE IN CUSTODY OR PARENTING TIME.] 96.11 Subdivision 1. [OFFICIAL CHANGE IN CUSTODY.] If an obligee 96.12 has been granted sole physical custody of a child, the child 96.13 subsequently lives with the obligor, and temporary sole physical 96.14 custody has been approved by the court or by a court-appointed 96.15 referee, the court may suspend the obligor's child support 96.16 obligation pending the final custody determination. The court's 96.17 order denying the suspension of child support must include a 96.18 written explanation of the reasons why continuation of the child 96.19 support obligation would be in the best interests of the child. 96.20 Subd. 2. [UNOFFICIAL CHANGE IN CUSTODY.] The court may 96.21 conclude that an obligor has satisfied a child support 96.22 obligation by providing a home, care, and support for the child 96.23 while the child is living with the obligor, if the court finds 96.24 that the child was integrated into the family of the obligor 96.25 with the consent of the obligee and child support payments were 96.26 not assigned to the public authority. 96.27 Subd. 3. [30-DAY CHANGE.] A support order issued under 96.28 this chapter may provide that during any period of time of 30 96.29 consecutive days or longer that the child is residing with the 96.30 obligor, the amount of support otherwise due under the order may 96.31 be reduced. 96.32 Sec. 24. [517C.28] [SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE IN CIRCUMSTANCES, 96.33 EARNINGS, OR NEEDS.] 96.34 Subdivision 1. [FACTORS.] The terms of a child support 96.35 order may be modified upon a showing of one or more of the 96.36 following: 97.1 (1) substantially increased or decreased earnings of a 97.2 party; 97.3 (2) substantially increased or decreased need of a party or 97.4 the child that is the subject of these proceedings; 97.5 (3) receipt of assistance under the AFDC program formerly 97.6 codified under sections 256.72 to 256.87 or 256B.01 to 256B.40 97.7 or chapter 256J or 256K; 97.8 (4) a change in the cost of living for either party, as 97.9 measured by the federal Bureau of Statistics, that makes the 97.10 terms unreasonable and unfair; 97.11 (5) extraordinary medical expenses of the child not 97.12 provided for under section 517C.15; 97.13 (6) the addition of work-related or education-related child 97.14 care expenses of the obligee or a substantial increase or 97.15 decrease in existing work-related or education-related child 97.16 care expenses; or 97.17 (7) upon the emancipation of a child if there is still a 97.18 child under the order. A child support obligation for two or 97.19 more children that is not a support obligation in a specific 97.20 amount per child continues in the full amount until modified or 97.21 until the emancipation of the last child for whose benefit the 97.22 order was made. 97.23 Subd. 2. [PRESUMPTIONS.] It is presumed that there has 97.24 been a substantial change in circumstances under subdivision 1 97.25 and the terms of a current support order are rebuttably presumed 97.26 to be unreasonable and unfair if: 97.27 (1) when applied to the current circumstances of the 97.28 parties, the presumptive child support amount derived under this 97.29 chapter is at least 20 percent and at least $50 per month higher 97.30 or lower than the current support order; 97.31 (2) the medical support provisions of the order established 97.32 under section 517C.15 are not enforceable by the public 97.33 authority or the obligee; 97.34 (3) health insurance coverage ordered under section 517C.15 97.35 is not available to the child for whom the order is established 97.36 by the parent ordered to provide it; or 98.1 (4) the existing support obligation is in the form of a 98.2 statement of percentage and not a specific dollar amount. 98.3 Subd. 3. [SUBSEQUENT CHILD.] The needs of a subsequent 98.4 child must not be factored into a support guidelines 98.5 calculation. The fact that an obligor had an additional child 98.6 after the entry of a child support order is not grounds for a 98.7 modification to decrease the amount of support owed. However, 98.8 the fact that an obligor has a subsequent child must be 98.9 considered in response to a request by an obligee for a 98.10 modification to increase child support. In order to deviate 98.11 from the presumptive support amount derived under this chapter 98.12 to consider the needs of a subsequent child, the trial court 98.13 must: 98.14 (1) find the obligor's total ability to contribute to 98.15 dependent children, taking into account the obligor's income and 98.16 reasonable expenses exclusive of child care. The obligor's 98.17 expenses must be: 98.18 (i) reduced as appropriate to take into account 98.19 contributions to those costs by other adults who share the 98.20 obligor's current household; and 98.21 (ii) apportioned between the parent and a subsequent child 98.22 with regard to shared benefits, including, but not limited to, 98.23 housing and transportation; 98.24 (2) find the total needs of all the obligor's children, and 98.25 if these needs are less than the obligor's ability to pay, the 98.26 needs may become the obligor's child support obligation. When 98.27 considering the needs of a subsequent child, the trial court 98.28 must reduce those amounts as appropriate to take into account 98.29 the ability to contribute to those needs by another parent of 98.30 the child; 98.31 (3) make specific findings on the needs of the child or 98.32 children who are the subject of the support order under 98.33 consideration; and 98.34 (4) exercise discretion to fairly determine the current 98.35 support obligation and the contribution left available for other 98.36 children, considering that the support obligation being 99.1 determined should be in an amount at least equal to the 99.2 contribution for a subsequent child. 99.3 Sec. 25. [517C.29] [MODIFICATION EFFECTIVE DATE.] 99.4 Subdivision 1. [DATE OF MOTION DETERMINATIVE.] A 99.5 modification of support, including interest that accrued 99.6 pursuant to section 548.091, may be made effective no sooner 99.7 than the date of service of notice of the motion for 99.8 modification on the responding parties. 99.9 Subd. 2. [RETROACTIVE MODIFICATION PERMITTED ONLY IN 99.10 LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.] Notwithstanding subdivision 1, 99.11 modification may be applied to an earlier period if the court 99.12 makes express findings that: 99.13 (1) the party seeking modification was precluded from 99.14 serving a motion by reason of a significant physical or mental 99.15 disability, a material misrepresentation of another party, or 99.16 fraud upon the court; and the party seeking modification, when 99.17 no longer precluded, promptly served a motion; 99.18 (2) the party seeking modification was a recipient of 99.19 federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Title II Older 99.20 Americans Insurance, Survivor's Disability Insurance (OASDI), 99.21 other disability benefits, or public assistance based upon need 99.22 during the period for which retroactive modification is sought; 99.23 (3) the order the party seeks to amend was entered by 99.24 default, the party shows good cause for not appearing, and the 99.25 record contains no factual evidence, or clearly erroneous 99.26 evidence, regarding the obligor's ability to pay; or 99.27 (4) the party seeking modification was institutionalized or 99.28 incarcerated for an offense other than nonsupport of a child 99.29 during the period for which retroactive modification is sought 99.30 and lacked the financial ability to pay the support ordered 99.31 during that time period. In determining whether to allow the 99.32 retroactive modification, the court must consider whether and 99.33 when a request was made to the public authority for support 99.34 modification. 99.35 Subd. 3. [CHILD CARE EXCEPTION.] The court may provide 99.36 that a reduction in the amount allocated for child care expenses 100.1 based on a substantial decrease in the expenses is effective as 100.2 of the date the expenses decreased. 100.3 Sec. 26. [517C.30] [TERMINATION OF CHILD SUPPORT.] 100.4 Subdivision 1. [DEATH OF OBLIGOR.] Unless otherwise agreed 100.5 in writing or expressly provided in the order, provisions for 100.6 the support of a child are not terminated by the death of a 100.7 parent obligated to support the child. When a parent obligated 100.8 to pay support dies, the amount of support may be modified, 100.9 revoked, or commuted to a lump sum payment, to the extent just 100.10 and appropriate in the circumstances. 100.11 Subd. 2. [AUTOMATIC TERMINATION.] (a) Unless a court order 100.12 provides otherwise, a child support obligation in a specific 100.13 amount per child terminates automatically and without any action 100.14 by the obligor to reduce, modify, or terminate the order upon 100.15 the emancipation of the child. 100.16 (b) A child support obligation for two or more children 100.17 that is not a support obligation in a specific amount per child 100.18 continues in the full amount until the emancipation of the last 100.19 child for whose benefit the order was made, or until further 100.20 order of the court. 100.21 (c) The obligor may request a modification of the obligor's 100.22 child support order upon the emancipation of a child if there 100.23 are still minor children under the order. The child support 100.24 obligation shall be determined based on the income of the 100.25 parties at the time the modification is sought. 100.26 Sec. 27. [517C.31] [COST-OF-LIVING ADJUSTMENTS.] 100.27 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL.] An order establishing, 100.28 modifying, or enforcing child support must provide for a 100.29 biennial adjustment in the amount to be paid based on a change 100.30 in the cost of living. Cost-of-living adjustments are 100.31 compounded. 100.32 Subd. 2. [WAIVER.] A court may waive the requirement of 100.33 the cost-of-living clause if it expressly finds that the 100.34 obligor's occupation or income, or both, does not provide for 100.35 cost-of-living adjustment or that the order for child support 100.36 has a provision such as a step increase that has the effect of a 101.1 cost-of-living clause. 101.2 Subd. 3. [INDEX; AMOUNT.] (a) An order that provides for a 101.3 cost-of-living adjustment must specify the cost-of-living index 101.4 to be applied. The court may use the Consumer Price Index for 101.5 All Urban Consumers, Minneapolis-St. Paul (CPI-U), the Consumer 101.6 Price Index for Wage Earners and Clerical, Minneapolis-St. Paul 101.7 (CPI-W), or another cost-of-living index published by the 101.8 department of labor that the court specifically finds is more 101.9 appropriate. 101.10 (b) The court may increase the amount by more than the 101.11 cost-of-living adjustment by agreement of the parties or by 101.12 making further findings. 101.13 Subd. 4. [EFFECTIVE DATE.] If payment is made to the 101.14 public authority, an adjustment is effective on May 1 of the 101.15 year it is made. If payment is not made to the public 101.16 authority, an adjustment may be made in any month but no 101.17 adjustment may be made sooner than two years after the date of 101.18 the dissolution decree. A support order must specify the 101.19 effective date of cost-of-living adjustments. 101.20 Subd. 5. [NOTICE.] A cost-of-living adjustment may not be 101.21 made unless: 101.22 (1) the support order requires it; and 101.23 (2) the obligee or public authority notifies the obligor of 101.24 the adjustment by mail at the obligor's last known address at 101.25 least 20 days before the effective date of the adjustment. The 101.26 notice must inform the obligor of the effective date of the 101.27 adjustment, the right to contest the adjustment, and the 101.28 procedures to contest the adjustment. 101.29 Subd. 6. [PROCEDURE FOR CONTESTING ADJUSTMENT.] (a) To 101.30 contest a cost-of-living adjustment initiated by the public 101.31 authority or an obligee who has applied for or is receiving 101.32 child support collection services from the public authority, 101.33 other than income withholding-only services, the obligor must: 101.34 (1) file a motion contesting the cost-of-living adjustment 101.35 with the court administrator; and 101.36 (2) serve the motion by first-class mail on the public 102.1 authority and the obligee. 102.2 The obligor must file and serve the motion before the effective 102.3 date of the adjustment. The hearing must take place in the 102.4 expedited child support process under section 484.702. 102.5 (b) To contest a cost-of-living adjustment initiated by an 102.6 obligee who is not receiving child support collection services 102.7 from the public authority, or for an obligee who receives income 102.8 withholding-only services from the public authority, the obligor 102.9 must: 102.10 (1) file a motion contesting the cost-of-living adjustment 102.11 with the court administrator; and 102.12 (2) serve the motion by first-class mail on the obligee. 102.13 The obligor must file and serve the motion before the effective 102.14 date of the adjustment. The hearing must take place in district 102.15 court. 102.16 (c) Upon receipt of a motion contesting the cost-of-living 102.17 adjustment, the public authority or court must stay the 102.18 cost-of-living adjustment pending further order of the court. 102.19 Subd. 7. [HEARING.] (a) At a hearing under this section, 102.20 if the obligor establishes an insufficient increase in income to 102.21 fulfill the adjusted child support obligation, the court or 102.22 child support magistrate may direct that all or part of the 102.23 adjustment not take effect. 102.24 (b) At a hearing under this section, if the obligor does 102.25 not establish an insufficient increase in income, the adjustment 102.26 must take effect as of the date originally specified in the 102.27 support order. 102.28 Subd. 8. [FORM.] The state court administrator must 102.29 prepare and make available to the court and obligors a form to 102.30 be submitted in support of a request for a hearing under this 102.31 section. 102.32 Subd. 9. [RULES.] The commissioner of human services may 102.33 promulgate rules for child support adjustments under this 102.34 section in accordance with the rulemaking provisions of chapter 102.35 14. 102.36 Sec. 28. [517C.35] [ASSIGNMENT.] 103.1 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL.] The court must direct that all 103.2 payments ordered for support be made to the public authority if 103.3 the obligee is receiving or has applied for public assistance. 103.4 Amounts received by the public authority greater than the amount 103.5 granted to the obligee must be remitted to the obligee pursuant 103.6 to federal requirements. 103.7 Subd. 2. [JUDGMENTS.] The court administrator must enter 103.8 and docket a judgment obtained by operation of law under section 103.9 548.091, subdivision 1, in the name of the public authority to 103.10 the extent that the obligation has been assigned. When arrears 103.11 are reduced to judgment and section 548.091 is not applicable, 103.12 the court must grant judgment in favor of, and in the name of, 103.13 the public authority to the extent that the arrears are 103.14 assigned. The public authority must file notice of an 103.15 assignment with the court administrator, who must enter the 103.16 notice in the docket. The public authority may then enforce a 103.17 judgment entered before the assignment of rights as if the 103.18 judgment were granted to it, and in its name, to the extent that 103.19 the arrears in that judgment are assigned. 103.20 Subd. 3. [PROPERTY LIEN.] The court may make any child 103.21 support order a lien or charge upon the property of the obligor, 103.22 either at the time of the entry of the judgment or by subsequent 103.23 order upon proper application. 103.24 Sec. 29. [517C.36] [PARTY STATUS.] 103.25 Subdivision 1. [WHEN A PARTY RECEIVES PUBLIC 103.26 ASSISTANCE.] The public authority is joined as a party if the 103.27 obligee is receiving, or subsequently applies for, public 103.28 assistance and rights are assigned under section 256.741, 103.29 subdivision 2. 103.30 Subd. 2. [NO PUBLIC ASSISTANCE; APPLICATION FOR SERVICES.] 103.31 If the obligee is not receiving public assistance, but has 103.32 applied for child support collection services, the public 103.33 authority has a pecuniary interest, as well as an interest in 103.34 the welfare of a child. The public authority may intervene as a 103.35 matter of right in those cases to ensure that child support 103.36 orders are obtained, enforced, and provide for an appropriate 104.1 and accurate level of child, medical, and child care support. 104.2 If the public authority participates in a case where the action 104.3 taken by the public authority requires the use of an attorney's 104.4 services, the public authority must be represented by an 104.5 attorney consistent with the provisions in section 517C.37. 104.6 Sec. 30. [517C.37] [ROLE OF THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY.] 104.7 Subdivision 1. [PUBLIC AUTHORITY DOES NOT REPRESENT 104.8 OBLIGOR OR OBLIGEE.] The provision of services under the child 104.9 support enforcement program that includes services by an 104.10 attorney or an attorney's representative employed by, under 104.11 contract to, or representing the public authority does not 104.12 create an attorney-client relationship with any party other than 104.13 the public authority. Attorneys employed by or under contract 104.14 with the public authority have an affirmative duty to inform 104.15 applicants and recipients of services under the child support 104.16 enforcement program that no attorney-client relationship exists 104.17 between the attorney and the applicant or recipient. This 104.18 section applies to all legal services provided by the child 104.19 support enforcement program. 104.20 Subd. 2. [WRITTEN NOTICE.] The public authority must 104.21 provide written notice to an applicant or recipient of services 104.22 that: 104.23 (1) no attorney-client relationship exists between the 104.24 attorney and the applicant or recipient; 104.25 (2) the rights of the individual as a subject of data are 104.26 controlled by section 13.04, subdivision 2; and 104.27 (3) the individual has a right to have an attorney 104.28 represent the individual. 104.29 Subd. 3. [POWER TO REPRESENT OTHER PUBLIC 104.30 AUTHORITIES.] The public authority may act on behalf of a public 104.31 authority from another jurisdiction. This includes the 104.32 authority to represent the legal interests of, or execute 104.33 documents on behalf of, the other public authority in connection 104.34 with the establishment, enforcement, and collection of child 104.35 support and collection on judgments. 104.36 Sec. 31. [517C.38] [SERVICE FEES.] 105.1 Subdivision 1. [OBLIGOR FEE.] When the public authority 105.2 provides child support collection services either to a public 105.3 assistance recipient or to a party who does not receive public 105.4 assistance, the public authority may upon written notice to the 105.5 obligor charge a monthly collection fee equivalent to the full 105.6 monthly cost to the county of providing collection services, in 105.7 addition to the amount of the child support ordered by the 105.8 court. The fee must be deposited in the county general fund. 105.9 The service fee assessed is limited to ten percent of the 105.10 monthly court-ordered child support and must not be assessed to 105.11 obligors who are current in payment of the monthly court-ordered 105.12 child support. 105.13 Subd. 2. [OBLIGEE FEE.] An application fee of $25 must be 105.14 paid by the person who applies for child support and maintenance 105.15 collection services, except persons who are receiving public 105.16 assistance as defined in section 256.741, persons who transfer 105.17 from public assistance to nonpublic assistance status, and minor 105.18 parents and parents enrolled in a public secondary school, area 105.19 learning center, or alternative learning program approved by the 105.20 commissioner of children, families, and learning. 105.21 Subd. 3. [TAX INTERCEPT FEES.] Fees assessed by state and 105.22 federal tax agencies for collection of overdue support owed to 105.23 or on behalf of a person not receiving public assistance must be 105.24 imposed on the person for whom these services are provided. The 105.25 public authority upon written notice to the obligee must assess 105.26 a fee of $25 to the person not receiving public assistance for 105.27 each successful federal tax interception. The fee must be 105.28 withheld prior to the release of the funds received from each 105.29 interception and must be deposited in the general fund. 105.30 Subd. 4. [COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL LAW.] The limitations of 105.31 this section on the assessment of fees do not apply to the 105.32 extent they are inconsistent with the requirements of federal 105.33 law for receiving funds for the programs under Title IV-A and 105.34 Title IV-D of the Social Security Act, United States Code, title 105.35 42, sections 601 to 613 and 651 to 662. 105.36 Sec. 32. [517C.39] [PUBLIC AUTHORITY PROCEDURES FOR CHILD 106.1 SUPPORT AND PARENTAGE ORDERS.] 106.2 The public authority may use the provisions of sections 106.3 517C.40 to 517C.44 when support rights are assigned under 106.4 section 256.741, subdivision 2, or when the public authority is 106.5 providing services under an application for child support 106.6 collection services. 106.7 Sec. 33. [517C.40] [NONATTORNEY EMPLOYEE DUTIES.] 106.8 Subdivision 1. [DUTIES PERFORMED UNDER SUPERVISION OF 106.9 COUNTY ATTORNEY.] (a) The county attorney must review and 106.10 approve as to form and content all pleadings and other legal 106.11 documents prepared by nonattorney employees of the public 106.12 authority for use in the expedited child support process. 106.13 (b) Under the direction of, and in consultation with, the 106.14 county attorney, nonattorney employees of the public authority 106.15 may perform the following legal duties: 106.16 (1) meet and confer with parties by mail, telephone, 106.17 electronic, or other means regarding legal issues; 106.18 (2) explain to parties the purpose, procedure, and function 106.19 of the expedited child support process and the role and 106.20 authority of nonattorney employees of the public authority 106.21 regarding legal issues; 106.22 (3) prepare pleadings, including, but not limited to, 106.23 summonses and complaints, notices, motions, subpoenas, orders to 106.24 show cause, proposed orders, administrative orders, and 106.25 stipulations and agreements; 106.26 (4) issue administrative subpoenas; 106.27 (5) prepare judicial notices; 106.28 (6) negotiate settlement agreements; 106.29 (7) attend and participate as a witness in hearings and 106.30 other proceedings and, if requested by the child support 106.31 magistrate, present evidence, agreements and stipulations of the 106.32 parties, and any other information deemed appropriate by the 106.33 magistrate; 106.34 (8) participate in other activities and perform other 106.35 duties delegated by the county attorney; and 106.36 (9) exercise other powers and perform other duties as 107.1 permitted by statute or court rule. 107.2 Subd. 2. [DUTIES PERFORMED AUTONOMOUSLY.] Nonattorney 107.3 employees of the public authority may perform the following 107.4 duties without direction from the county attorney: 107.5 (1) gather information on behalf of the public authority; 107.6 (2) prepare financial worksheets; 107.7 (3) obtain income information from the department of 107.8 economic security and other sources; 107.9 (4) serve documents on parties; 107.10 (5) file documents with the court; 107.11 (6) meet and confer with parties by mail, telephone, 107.12 electronic, or other means regarding nonlegal issues; 107.13 (7) explain to parties the purpose, procedure, and function 107.14 of the expedited child support process and the role and 107.15 authority of nonattorney employees of the public authority 107.16 regarding nonlegal issues; and 107.17 (8) perform other routine nonlegal duties as assigned. 107.18 Subd. 3. [PRACTICE OF LAW.] Performance of the duties 107.19 prescribed in subdivisions 1 and 2 by nonattorney employees of 107.20 the public authority does not constitute the unauthorized 107.21 practice of law for purposes of section 481.02. 107.22 Sec. 34. [517C.41] [FINANCIAL WORKSHEET.] 107.23 Subdivision 1. [PREPARATION.] In cases involving 107.24 establishment or modification of a child support order, a 107.25 nonattorney employee of the public authority must prepare a 107.26 financial worksheet that contains: 107.27 (1) names and addresses of the parties; 107.28 (2) social security numbers of the parties; 107.29 (3) number of members in each party's household and 107.30 dependents of the parties; 107.31 (4) names and addresses of the parties' employers; 107.32 (5) net income of the parties as defined in this chapter; 107.33 (6) amounts and sources of any other earnings and income of 107.34 the parties; 107.35 (7) health insurance coverage of parties; 107.36 (8) types and amounts of public assistance the parties 108.1 receive; and 108.2 (9) any other information relevant to the determination of 108.3 child or medical support under this chapter. 108.4 Subd. 2. [INCOME INFORMATION.] In preparing the financial 108.5 worksheet, the nonattorney employee of the public authority must 108.6 obtain income information available to the public authority from 108.7 the department of economic security and serve this information 108.8 on the parties. The information must be filed with the court or 108.9 child support magistrate at least five days before a hearing 108.10 involving child support, medical support, or child care 108.11 reimbursement issues. 108.12 Sec. 35. [517C.42] [NONCONTESTED MATTERS.] 108.13 Under the direction of the county attorney and based on 108.14 agreement of the parties, nonattorney employees may prepare a 108.15 stipulation, findings of fact, conclusions of law, and proposed 108.16 order. The documents must be approved and signed by the county 108.17 attorney as to form and content before submission to the court 108.18 or child support magistrate for approval. 108.19 Sec. 36. [517C.43] [ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY; PARENTAGE; 108.20 SUPPORT.] 108.21 Subdivision 1. [POWERS.] The public authority may take the 108.22 following actions relating to establishment of paternity or to 108.23 establishment, modification, or enforcement of support orders, 108.24 without the necessity of obtaining an order from a judicial or 108.25 administrative tribunal: 108.26 (1) recognize and enforce orders of child support agencies 108.27 of other states; 108.28 (2) upon request for genetic testing by a child, parent, or 108.29 an alleged parent, and using the procedure in subdivision 2, 108.30 order the child, parent, or alleged parent to submit to blood or 108.31 genetic testing for the purpose of establishing paternity; 108.32 (3) subpoena financial or other information needed to 108.33 establish, modify, or enforce a child support order and sanction 108.34 a party for failure to respond to a subpoena; 108.35 (4) upon notice to the obligor, obligee, and the 108.36 appropriate court, direct the obligor or other payor to change 109.1 the payee to the central collections unit under section 517C.50; 109.2 (5) order income withholding of child support under section 109.3 517C.52 and sanction an employer or payor of funds under section 109.4 393.07, subdivision 9a, for failing to comply with an income 109.5 withholding notice; 109.6 (6) secure assets to satisfy a support debt or arrears by: 109.7 (i) intercepting or seizing periodic or lump-sum payments 109.8 from state or local agencies, including reemployment 109.9 compensation, workers' compensation payments, judgments, 109.10 settlements, lotteries, and other lump-sum payments; 109.11 (ii) attaching and seizing assets of the obligor held in 109.12 financial institutions or public or private retirement funds; 109.13 and 109.14 (iii) imposing liens in accordance with section 548.091, 109.15 and, in appropriate cases, forcing the sale of property and the 109.16 distribution of proceeds; 109.17 (7) for the purpose of securing overdue support, increase 109.18 the amount of the monthly support payments by an additional 109.19 amount equal to 20 percent of the monthly support payment to 109.20 include amounts for debts or arrears; and 109.21 (8) subpoena an employer or payor of funds to provide 109.22 promptly information on the employment, compensation, and 109.23 benefits of an individual employed by that employer as an 109.24 employee or contractor, and sanction an employer or payor of 109.25 funds under section 393.07, subdivision 9a, for failure to 109.26 respond to the subpoena as provided by law. 109.27 Subd. 2. [GENETIC TESTING.] (a) A request for genetic 109.28 testing by a child, parent, or alleged parent must be supported 109.29 by a sworn statement by the person requesting genetic testing 109.30 that: 109.31 (1) alleges paternity and sets forth facts establishing a 109.32 reasonable possibility of the requisite sexual contact between 109.33 the parties; or 109.34 (2) denies paternity and sets forth facts establishing a 109.35 reasonable possibility of the nonexistence of sexual contact 109.36 between the alleged parties. 110.1 (b) The order for genetic tests may be served anywhere 110.2 within the state and served outside the state in the same manner 110.3 as prescribed by law for service of subpoenas issued by the 110.4 district court of this state. 110.5 (c) If the child, parent, or alleged parent fails to comply 110.6 with the genetic testing order, the public authority may seek to 110.7 enforce that order in district court through a motion to compel 110.8 testing. 110.9 (d) No results obtained through genetic testing done in 110.10 response to an order issued under this section may be used in a 110.11 criminal proceeding. 110.12 Subd. 3. [SUBPOENAS.] (a) Subpoenas may be served anywhere 110.13 within the state and served outside the state in the same manner 110.14 as prescribed by law for service of process of subpoenas issued 110.15 by the district court of this state. When a subpoena under this 110.16 subdivision is served on a third-party recordkeeper, written 110.17 notice of the subpoena must be mailed to the person who is the 110.18 subject of the subpoenaed material at the person's last known 110.19 address within three days of the day the subpoena is served. 110.20 This notice provision does not apply if there is reasonable 110.21 cause to believe the giving of the notice may lead to 110.22 interference with the production of the subpoenaed documents. 110.23 (b) A person served with a subpoena may make a written 110.24 objection to the public authority or court before the time 110.25 specified in the subpoena for compliance. The public authority 110.26 or the court may cancel or modify the subpoena, if appropriate. 110.27 The public authority must pay the reasonable costs of producing 110.28 the documents, if requested. 110.29 (c) Subpoenas are enforceable in the same manner as 110.30 subpoenas of the district court. Upon motion of the county 110.31 attorney, the court may issue an order directing the production 110.32 of the records. A person who fails to comply with the court 110.33 order is subject to civil or criminal contempt of court. 110.34 Subd. 4. [DUE PROCESS.] The administrative actions under 110.35 this section are subject to due process safeguards, including 110.36 requirements for notice, opportunity to contest the action, and 111.1 opportunity to appeal the order to a judge, judicial officer, or 111.2 child support magistrate. 111.3 Sec. 37. [517C.44] [SHARING OF INFORMATION; DATA.] 111.4 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL.] The public authority may share 111.5 available and relevant information on the parties in order to 111.6 perform its duties under this chapter or under supreme court 111.7 rules governing the expedited child support hearing process 111.8 under section 484.702, subject to the limitations of subdivision 111.9 3, section 256.87, subdivision 8, and section 257.70. 111.10 Subd. 2. [DATA DISCLOSED TO AN ATTORNEY OF THE PUBLIC 111.11 AUTHORITY.] (a) Data disclosed by an applicant for, or recipient 111.12 of, child support services to an attorney employed by, or under 111.13 contract with, the public authority is private data on an 111.14 individual. However, the data may be disclosed under section 111.15 13.46, subdivision 2, clauses (1) to (3) and (6) to (19), and in 111.16 order to obtain, modify, or enforce child support, medical 111.17 support, and parentage determinations. 111.18 (b) An attorney employed by, or under contract with, the 111.19 public authority may disclose additional information received 111.20 from an applicant for, or recipient of, services for other 111.21 purposes with the consent of the individual applicant for, or 111.22 recipient of, child support services. 111.23 Subd. 3. [PROHIBITED DISCLOSURE.] In all proceedings under 111.24 this chapter in which public assistance is assigned under 111.25 section 256.741, or the public authority provides services to a 111.26 party or parties to the proceedings, notwithstanding statutory 111.27 or other authorization for the public authority to release 111.28 private data on the location of a party to the action, 111.29 information on the location of one party may not be released by 111.30 the public authority to the other party if: 111.31 (1) the public authority has knowledge that a protective 111.32 order with respect to the other party has been entered; or 111.33 (2) the public authority has reason to believe that the 111.34 release of the information may result in physical or emotional 111.35 harm to the other party. 111.36 Sec. 38. [517C.45] [SUFFICIENCY OF NOTICE.] 112.1 Automated child support notices sent by the public 112.2 authority which do not require service are sufficient notice 112.3 when issued and mailed by first class mail to the person's last 112.4 known address. 112.5 Sec. 39. [517C.50] [CHILD SUPPORT PAYMENT CENTER; CENTRAL 112.6 COLLECTIONS UNIT.] 112.7 Subdivision 1. [CREATION.] (a) The commissioner of human 112.8 services must create and maintain a central collections unit to 112.9 receive, process, and disburse payments, and to maintain a 112.10 record of payments in cases when: 112.11 (1) the public authority is a party; 112.12 (2) the public authority provides child support enforcement 112.13 services to a party; or 112.14 (3) payment is collected through income withholding. 112.15 (b) The commissioner may contract for services to carry out 112.16 these provisions if the commissioner first meets and negotiates 112.17 with the affected exclusive representatives. 112.18 Subd. 2. [CREDITOR COLLECTIONS.] The central collections 112.19 unit under this section is not a third party under chapters 550, 112.20 552, and 571 for purposes of creditor collection efforts against 112.21 child support and maintenance order obligors or obligees, and is 112.22 not subject to creditor levy, attachment, or garnishment. 112.23 Subd. 3. [CREDIT FOR PAYMENT.] Payments made to the public 112.24 authority that are not collected through income withholding must 112.25 be credited as of the date the payment is received by the 112.26 central collections unit. 112.27 Sec. 40. [517C.51] [MANDATORY PAYMENT OF OBLIGATIONS TO 112.28 CENTRAL COLLECTIONS UNIT.] 112.29 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL.] All payments described in 112.30 section 517C.50 must be made to the central collections unit. 112.31 Subd. 2. [LOCAL PAYMENT; TRANSMITTAL.] The public 112.32 authority must provide a location for obligors to pay child 112.33 support in each local jurisdiction. When the public authority 112.34 receives a payment it must transmit the funds to the central 112.35 collections unit within one working day. 112.36 Subd. 3. [INCENTIVES.] Notwithstanding a rule to the 113.1 contrary, incentives must be paid to the county providing 113.2 services and maintaining the case to which the payment is 113.3 applied. Incentive payments awarded for the collection of child 113.4 support must be based solely upon payments processed by the 113.5 central collections unit. Incentive payments received by the 113.6 county under this subdivision must be used for county child 113.7 support collection efforts. 113.8 Subd. 4. [ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER.] The central 113.9 collections unit may receive and disburse funds electronically. 113.10 Subd. 5. [REQUIRED CONTENT OF ORDER.] A tribunal issuing 113.11 an order that establishes or modifies a payment must issue an 113.12 income withholding order in conformity with section 517C.52. 113.13 The automatic income withholding order must include the name of 113.14 the obligor, the obligor's social security number, the obligor's 113.15 date of birth, and the name and address of the obligor's 113.16 employer. The street mailing address and the electronic mail 113.17 address for the central collections unit must be included in 113.18 each automatic income withholding order issued by a tribunal. 113.19 Subd. 6. [TRANSMITTAL OF ORDER TO THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY BY 113.20 THE TRIBUNAL.] The tribunal must transmit a copy of the order 113.21 establishing or modifying the payment, and a copy of the 113.22 automatic income withholding order, to the public authority 113.23 within two working days of the approval of the order by the 113.24 judge or child support magistrate or other person or entity 113.25 authorized to sign the automatic withholding order. 113.26 Subd. 7. [TRANSMITTAL OF FUNDS FROM THE OBLIGOR OR PAYOR 113.27 OF FUNDS TO THE CENTRAL COLLECTIONS UNIT.] The obligor or other 113.28 payor of funds must identify the obligor on the check or 113.29 remittance by name, payor number, and social security number, 113.30 and must comply with section 517C.52. 113.31 Subd. 8. [SANCTION FOR CHECKS DRAWN ON INSUFFICIENT 113.32 FUNDS.] A notice may be directed to a person or entity 113.33 submitting a check drawn on insufficient funds stating that 113.34 future payments must be made by cash or certified funds. The 113.35 central collections unit and the public authority may refuse a 113.36 check from a person or entity that has been given notice that 114.1 payments must be in cash or certified funds. 114.2 Subd. 9. [ADMISSIBILITY OF PAYMENT RECORDS.] A copy of the 114.3 record of payments maintained by the central collections unit is 114.4 admissible evidence in all tribunals as proof of payments made 114.5 through the central collections unit without the need of 114.6 testimony to prove authenticity. 114.7 Subd. 10. [TRANSITION PROVISIONS.] (a) The commissioner of 114.8 human services must develop a plan for the implementation of the 114.9 central collections unit. The plan must require that payments 114.10 be redirected to the central collections unit. Payments may be 114.11 redirected in groups according to county of origin, county of 114.12 payment, method of payment, type of case, or any other 114.13 distinguishing factor designated by the commissioner. 114.14 (b) Notice that payments must be made to the central 114.15 collections unit must be provided to the obligor and to the 114.16 payor of funds at least 30 days before payments are redirected 114.17 to the central collections unit. After the notice has been 114.18 provided to the obligor or payor of funds, mailed payments 114.19 received by the public authority must be forwarded to the 114.20 central collections unit. A notice must be sent to the obligor 114.21 or payor of funds stating that payment application may be 114.22 delayed and must provide directions to submit future payments to 114.23 the central collections unit. 114.24 Subd. 11. [COLLECTIONS UNIT RECOUPMENT ACCOUNT.] The 114.25 commissioner of human services may establish a revolving account 114.26 to cover funds issued in error due to insufficient funds or 114.27 other reasons. Appropriations for this purpose and all 114.28 recoupments against payments from the account must be deposited 114.29 in the collections unit's recoupment account and are 114.30 appropriated to the commissioner. An unexpended balance in the 114.31 account does not cancel, but is available until expended. 114.32 Subd. 12. [UNCLAIMED SUPPORT FUNDS.] (a) If the public 114.33 authority cannot disburse support payments to an obligee because 114.34 the obligee cannot be located, the public authority must 114.35 continue its efforts to locate the obligee for one year from the 114.36 date it determines that the obligee cannot be located. 115.1 (b) If the public authority is unable to locate the obligee 115.2 after one year, the public authority must mail a written notice 115.3 to the obligee at the obligee's last known address that gives 115.4 the obligee 60 days to contact the public authority. 115.5 (c) If the obligee does not contact the public authority 115.6 within 60 days from the date of notice, the public authority 115.7 must: 115.8 (1) close the nonpublic assistance portion of the case; 115.9 (2) disburse unclaimed support funds to pay public 115.10 assistance arrears. If public assistance arrears remain after 115.11 disbursing the unclaimed support funds, the public authority may 115.12 continue enforcement and collection of child support until all 115.13 public assistance arrears have been paid. If there are not 115.14 public assistance arrears, or unclaimed support funds remain 115.15 after paying public assistance arrears, the public authority 115.16 must return the remaining unclaimed support funds to the 115.17 obligor; and 115.18 (3) when all public assistance arrears are paid to the 115.19 public authority, mail a written notice of termination of income 115.20 withholding and case closure to the obligor at the obligor's 115.21 last known address. The notice must indicate that the obligor's 115.22 support obligation will remain in effect until further order of 115.23 the court and to contact the public authority for assistance to 115.24 modify the order. The public authority must include a copy of 115.25 the form prepared by the state court administrator's office 115.26 under section 517C.25, subdivision 4, with the notice. 115.27 (d) If the public authority cannot locate the obligor to 115.28 return unclaimed support funds, the public authority must 115.29 continue its efforts to locate the obligor for one year from the 115.30 date it determines that the obligor cannot be located. If the 115.31 public authority is unable to locate the obligor after one year, 115.32 the funds must be treated as unclaimed property according to 115.33 federal law and chapter 345. 115.34 Sec. 41. [517C.52] [INCOME WITHHOLDING; GENERAL.] 115.35 Subdivision 1. [APPLICATION.] Sections 517C.52 to 517C.62 115.36 apply to all support orders issued by a court or an 116.1 administrative tribunal and orders for or notices of withholding 116.2 issued by the public authority according to section 517C.43, 116.3 subdivision 1, clause (5). 116.4 Subd. 2. [ORDER.] (a) Every support order must address 116.5 income withholding. Whenever a support order is initially 116.6 entered or modified, the full amount of the support order must 116.7 be withheld from the income of the obligor and forwarded to the 116.8 public authority. Sections 517C.51 to 517C.62 apply regardless 116.9 of the source of income of the person obligated to pay the child 116.10 support. 116.11 (b) A payor of funds must implement income withholding 116.12 according to sections 517C.51 to 517C.62 upon receipt of an 116.13 order for or notice of withholding. The notice of withholding 116.14 must be on a form provided by the commissioner of human services. 116.15 Subd. 3. [NOTICE; INCOME WITHHOLDING AND COLLECTION 116.16 SERVICES.] (a) The commissioner of human services must prepare 116.17 and make available to the courts a notice of services that 116.18 explains child support and maintenance collection services 116.19 available through the public authority, including income 116.20 withholding. Upon receiving a petition for dissolution of 116.21 marriage or legal separation, the court administrator must 116.22 promptly send the notice of services to the petitioner and 116.23 respondent at the addresses stated in the petition. 116.24 (b) Upon receipt of a support order requiring income 116.25 withholding, a petitioner or respondent, who is not a recipient 116.26 of public assistance and does not receive child support 116.27 collection services from the public authority, must apply to the 116.28 public authority for either full child support collection 116.29 services or for services only to withhold income. 116.30 (c) For those persons applying for services only to 116.31 withhold income, a monthly service fee of $15 must be charged to 116.32 the obligor. This fee is in addition to the amount of the 116.33 support order and must be withheld through income withholding. 116.34 The public authority must explain the service options in this 116.35 section to the affected parties and encourage the application 116.36 for full child support collection services. 117.1 Subd. 4. [CONTRACT FOR SERVICE.] To carry out income 117.2 withholding, the public authority may contract for services, 117.3 including the use of electronic funds transfer. 117.4 Subd. 5. [ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION.] Orders or notices for 117.5 income withholding may be transmitted for enforcement purposes 117.6 by electronic means. 117.7 Subd. 6. [TIMING OF AUTOMATED ENFORCEMENT REMEDIES.] The 117.8 public authority must make reasonable efforts to ensure that 117.9 automated enforcement remedies take into consideration the time 117.10 periods allowed under sections 517C.52 to 517C.62. 117.11 Sec. 42. [517C.53] [WAIVER OF INCOME WITHHOLDING.] 117.12 (a) If child support is not assigned to the public 117.13 authority, the court may waive income withholding requirements 117.14 if it finds there are no arrears as of the date of the hearing 117.15 and: 117.16 (1) one party demonstrates and the court finds there is 117.17 good cause to waive the requirements of sections 517C.51 to 117.18 517C.62 or to terminate an order for or notice of income 117.19 withholding previously entered; or 117.20 (2) all parties reach an agreement and the agreement is 117.21 approved by the court after a finding that the agreement is 117.22 likely to result in regular and timely payments. The court's 117.23 findings waiving the requirements of this paragraph must include 117.24 a written explanation of the reasons why income withholding 117.25 would not be in the best interests of the child. 117.26 (b) In addition to the other requirements in this section, 117.27 if the case involves a modification of support, the court must 117.28 make a finding that support has been timely made. 117.29 (c) If the court waives income withholding, the obligee or 117.30 obligor may at any time request subsequent income withholding 117.31 under section 517C.59. 117.32 Sec. 43. [517C.54] [PAYOR OF FUNDS RESPONSIBILITIES.] 117.33 Subdivision 1. [ACTIVATION.] An order for or notice of 117.34 withholding is binding on a payor of funds upon receipt. 117.35 Withholding must begin no later than the first pay period that 117.36 occurs after 14 days following the date of receipt of the order 118.1 for or notice of withholding. In the case of a financial 118.2 institution, preauthorized transfers must occur in accordance 118.3 with a court-ordered payment schedule. 118.4 Subd. 2. [PROCEDURE.] A payor of funds must withhold from 118.5 the income payable to the obligor the amount specified in the 118.6 order or notice of withholding and amounts specified under 118.7 sections 517C.58 and 517C.63 and must remit the amounts withheld 118.8 to the public authority within seven business days of the date 118.9 the obligor is paid the remainder of the income. The payor of 118.10 funds must include with the remittance the social security 118.11 number of the obligor, the case type indicator as provided by 118.12 the public authority, and the date the obligor is paid the 118.13 remainder of the income. The obligor is considered to have paid 118.14 the amount withheld as of the date the obligor received the 118.15 remainder of the income. A payor of funds may combine all 118.16 amounts withheld from one pay period into one payment to each 118.17 public authority, but must separately identify each obligor 118.18 making payment. 118.19 Subd. 3. [RETALIATION PROHIBITED.] A payor of funds must 118.20 not discharge, or refuse to hire, or otherwise discipline an 118.21 employee as a result of wage or salary withholding authorized by 118.22 this chapter. 118.23 Subd. 4. [UPDATED ORDERS.] If more than one order for or 118.24 notice of withholding exists involving the same obligor and 118.25 child, the public authority must enforce the most recent order 118.26 or notice. An order for or notice of withholding that was 118.27 previously implemented according to this chapter ends as of the 118.28 date of the most recent order. The public authority must notify 118.29 the payor of funds to withhold under the most recent withholding 118.30 order or notice. 118.31 Subd. 5. [NOTIFICATION OF TERMINATION.] When an order for 118.32 or notice of withholding is in effect and the obligor's 118.33 employment is terminated, the obligor and the payor of funds 118.34 must notify the public authority of the termination within ten 118.35 days of the termination date. The termination notice must 118.36 include the obligor's home address and the name and address of 119.1 the obligor's new payor of funds, if known. 119.2 Subd. 6. [EXPENSES.] A payor of funds may deduct $1 from 119.3 the obligor's remaining salary for each payment made pursuant to 119.4 an order for or notice of withholding under this chapter to 119.5 cover the expenses of withholding. 119.6 Sec. 44. [517C.55] [LUMP-SUM PAYMENTS.] 119.7 Subdivision 1. [APPLICATION.] (a) This section applies to 119.8 lump-sum payments of $500 or more including, but not limited to, 119.9 severance pay, accumulated sick pay, vacation pay, bonuses, 119.10 commissions, or other pay or benefits. 119.11 (b) The Consumer Credit Protection Act, United States Code, 119.12 title 15, section 1673(b), does not apply to lump-sum payments. 119.13 Subd. 2. [PAYOR OF FUNDS RESPONSIBILITIES.] Before 119.14 transmitting a lump-sum payment to an obligor, a payor of funds 119.15 who has been served with an order for or notice of income 119.16 withholding under this chapter must: 119.17 (1) notify the public authority of the lump-sum payment 119.18 that is to be paid to the obligor; and 119.19 (2) hold the lump-sum payment for 30 days after the date 119.20 the lump-sum payment would otherwise have been paid to the 119.21 obligor, notwithstanding sections 176.221, 176.225, 176.521, 119.22 181.08, 181.101, 181.11, 181.13, and 181.145, and Minnesota 119.23 Rules, part 1415.2000, subpart 10. 119.24 Subd. 3. [PUBLIC AUTHORITY OPTIONS.] (a) The public 119.25 authority may direct the payor of funds to pay the lump-sum 119.26 payment, up to the amount of judgments or arrears, to the public 119.27 authority if: 119.28 (1) a judgment entered pursuant to section 548.091, 119.29 subdivision 1a, exists against the obligor, or other support 119.30 arrears exist; and 119.31 (2) a portion of the judgment or arrears remains unpaid. 119.32 (b) If no judgment or arrears exist, the public authority 119.33 may seek a court order directing the payor of funds to transmit 119.34 all or a portion of the lump-sum payment to the public authority 119.35 for future support. To obtain a court order under this 119.36 paragraph, the public authority must show a past willful 120.1 nonpayment of support by the obligor. 120.2 Sec. 45. [517C.56] [PAYOR OF FUNDS LIABILITY.] 120.3 Subdivision 1. [LIABILITY TO OBLIGEE.] A payor of funds is 120.4 liable to the obligee for amounts required to be withheld. A 120.5 payor of funds that fails to withhold or transfer funds in 120.6 accordance with this chapter is liable to the obligee for 120.7 interest on the funds at the rate applicable to judgments under 120.8 section 549.09, computed from the date the funds were required 120.9 to be withheld or transferred. A payor of funds is liable for 120.10 reasonable attorney fees of the obligee or public authority 120.11 incurred in enforcing the liability under this paragraph. A 120.12 payor of funds that has failed to comply with the requirements 120.13 of sections 517C.51 to 517C.62 is subject to contempt sanctions 120.14 under section 517C.57. If the payor of funds is an employer or 120.15 independent contractor and violates this subdivision, a court 120.16 may award the obligor twice the wages lost as a result of this 120.17 violation. If a court finds a payor of funds violated this 120.18 subdivision, the court must impose a civil fine of not less than 120.19 $500. The liabilities under this subdivision apply to 120.20 intentional noncompliance by a payor of funds with the 120.21 requirements of sections 517C.51 to 517C.62. 120.22 Subd. 2. [NONLIABILITY FOR COMPLIANCE.] A payor of funds 120.23 is not subject to civil liability to any individual or agency 120.24 for taking action in compliance with an income withholding order 120.25 or notice of withholding that appears regular on its face 120.26 according to this chapter or chapter 518C. 120.27 Sec. 46. [517C.57] [EMPLOYER CONTEMPT.] 120.28 Subdivision 1. [ORDERS BINDING.] Notices or orders for 120.29 income withholding or medical support issued pursuant to this 120.30 chapter are binding on the employer, trustee, or other payor of 120.31 funds after the order or notice has been transmitted to the 120.32 employer, trustee, or payor of funds. 120.33 Subd. 2. [CONTEMPT ACTION.] (a) An obligee or the public 120.34 authority may initiate a contempt action against an employer, 120.35 trustee, or payor of funds, within the action that created the 120.36 support obligation, by serving an order to show cause upon the 121.1 employer, trustee, or payor of funds. 121.2 (b) The employer, trustee, or payor of funds is presumed to 121.3 be in contempt: 121.4 (1) if the employer, trustee, or payor of funds has 121.5 intentionally failed to withhold support after receiving the 121.6 order or notice for income withholding or notice of enforcement 121.7 of medical support; or 121.8 (2) upon presentation of pay stubs or similar documentation 121.9 showing that the employer, trustee, or payor of funds withheld 121.10 support and demonstrating that the employer, trustee, or payor 121.11 of funds intentionally failed to remit support to the public 121.12 authority. 121.13 Subd. 3. [SANCTIONS.] The employer, trustee, or payor of 121.14 funds is liable to the obligee or the public authority for 121.15 amounts required to be withheld that were not paid. The court 121.16 may enter judgment against the employer, trustee, or payor of 121.17 funds for support not withheld or remitted. An employer, 121.18 trustee, or payor of funds found guilty of contempt must be 121.19 punished by a fine of not more than $250 as provided in chapter 121.20 588. The court may also impose other contempt sanctions 121.21 authorized under chapter 588. 121.22 Sec. 47. [517C.58] [PRIORITY OF INCOME WITHHOLDING ORDERS; 121.23 MAXIMUM WITHHOLDING.] 121.24 Subdivision 1. [PRIORITY.] (a) An order for or notice of 121.25 withholding under this chapter or execution or garnishment upon 121.26 a judgment for child support arrears or preadjudicated expenses 121.27 has priority over an attachment, execution, garnishment, or wage 121.28 assignment and is not subject to the statutory limitations on 121.29 amounts levied against the income of the obligor. Amounts 121.30 withheld from an employee's income must not exceed the maximum 121.31 permitted under the Consumer Credit Protection Act, United 121.32 States Code, title 15, section 1673(b). 121.33 Subd. 2. [MULTIPLE ORDERS.] If a single employee is 121.34 subject to multiple withholding orders or multiple notices of 121.35 withholding for the support of more than one child, the payor of 121.36 funds must comply with all of the orders or notices to the 122.1 extent that the total amount withheld from the obligor's income 122.2 does not exceed the limits imposed under the Consumer Credit 122.3 Protection Act, United States Code, title 15, section 1673(b), 122.4 giving priority to amounts designated in each order or notice as 122.5 current support as follows: 122.6 (1) if the total of the amounts designated in the orders 122.7 for or notices of withholding as current support exceeds the 122.8 amount available for income withholding, the payor of funds must 122.9 allocate to each order or notice an amount for current support 122.10 equal to the amount designated in that order or notice as 122.11 current support, divided by the total of the amounts designated 122.12 in the orders or notices as current support, multiplied by the 122.13 amount of the income available for income withholding; and 122.14 (2) if the total of the amounts designated in the orders 122.15 for or notices of withholding as current support does not exceed 122.16 the amount available for income withholding, the payor of funds 122.17 must pay the amounts designated as current support, and must 122.18 allocate to each order or notice an amount for past due support, 122.19 equal to the amount designated in that order or notice as past 122.20 due support, divided by the total of the amounts designated in 122.21 the orders or notices as past due support, multiplied by the 122.22 amount of income remaining available for income withholding 122.23 after the payment of current support. 122.24 Sec. 48. [517C.59] [SUBSEQUENT INCOME WITHHOLDING.] 122.25 Subdivision 1. [APPLICATION.] This section applies to 122.26 support orders that do not contain provisions for income 122.27 withholding. 122.28 Subd. 2. [WHEN THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY IS A PARTY.] If the 122.29 public authority is a party, income withholding under this 122.30 section takes effect without prior judicial notice to the 122.31 obligor and without the need for judicial or administrative 122.32 hearing. Withholding must be initiated when: 122.33 (1) the obligor requests it in writing to the public 122.34 authority; 122.35 (2) the obligee or obligor serves on the public authority a 122.36 copy of the notice of income withholding, a copy of the court's 123.1 order, an application, and the fee to use the public authority's 123.2 collection services; or 123.3 (3) the public authority commences withholding under 123.4 section 517C.43. 123.5 Subd. 3. [WHEN THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY IS NOT A PARTY.] If 123.6 the public authority is not a party, income withholding under 123.7 this section must be initiated when an obligee requests it by 123.8 making a written motion to the court and the court finds that 123.9 previous support has not been paid on a timely consistent basis 123.10 or that the obligor has threatened expressly or otherwise to 123.11 stop or reduce payments. 123.12 Subd. 4. [NOTICE.] Within two days after the public 123.13 authority commences withholding under this section, the public 123.14 authority must send to the obligor at the obligor's last known 123.15 address, notice that withholding has commenced. The notice must 123.16 include the information provided to the payor of funds in the 123.17 notice of withholding. 123.18 Subd. 5. [CONTEST.] (a) The obligor may contest 123.19 withholding under this section on the limited grounds that the 123.20 withholding or the amount withheld is improper due to mistake of 123.21 fact. An obligor who chooses to contest the withholding must do 123.22 so no later than 15 days after the employer commences 123.23 withholding, by doing all of the following: 123.24 (1) file a request for an expedited child support hearing 123.25 under section 484.702, and include in the request the alleged 123.26 mistake of fact; 123.27 (2) serve a copy of the request for contested hearing upon 123.28 the public authority and the obligee; and 123.29 (3) secure a date for the contested hearing no later than 123.30 45 days after receiving notice that withholding has commenced. 123.31 (b) The income withholding must remain in place while the 123.32 obligor contests the withholding. 123.33 (c) If the court finds a mistake in the amount of the 123.34 arrears to be withheld, the court must continue the income 123.35 withholding, but it must correct the amount of the arrears to be 123.36 withheld. 124.1 Sec. 49. [517C.60] [INCOME WITHHOLDING; ARREARS ORDER.] 124.2 (a) In addition to ordering income withholding for current 124.3 support the court may order the payor of funds to withhold 124.4 amounts to satisfy the obligor's previous arrears in support 124.5 order payments. Use of this remedy does not exclude the use of 124.6 other remedies to enforce judgments. The employer or payor of 124.7 funds must withhold from the obligor's income an additional 124.8 amount equal to 20 percent of the monthly child support 124.9 obligation until the arrears are paid. 124.10 (b) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, funds from 124.11 income sources included in section 517C.12, subdivision 1, 124.12 whether periodic or lump-sum, are not exempt from attachment or 124.13 execution upon a judgment for child support arrears. 124.14 (c) Absent an order to the contrary, if arrears exist at 124.15 the time a support order would otherwise terminate, income 124.16 withholding continues in effect or may be implemented in an 124.17 amount equal to the support order plus an additional 20 percent 124.18 of the monthly child support obligation, until all arrears have 124.19 been paid in full. 124.20 Sec. 50. [517C.61] [INTERSTATE INCOME WITHHOLDING.] 124.21 (a) Upon receipt of an order for support entered in another 124.22 state and the specified documentation from an authorized agency, 124.23 the public authority must implement income withholding. A payor 124.24 of funds in this state must withhold income under court orders 124.25 for withholding issued by other states or territories. 124.26 (b) An employer receiving an income withholding notice from 124.27 another state must withhold and distribute the funds as directed 124.28 in the withholding notice and must apply the law of the 124.29 obligor's principal place of employment when determining: 124.30 (1) the employer's fee for processing an income withholding 124.31 notice; 124.32 (2) the maximum amount permitted to be withheld from the 124.33 obligor's income; and 124.34 (3) deadlines for implementing and forwarding the child 124.35 support payment. 124.36 (c) An obligor may contest withholding under this section 125.1 pursuant to section 518C.506. 125.2 Sec. 51. [517C.62] [ORDER TERMINATING INCOME WITHHOLDING.] 125.3 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL PROCEDURE.] (a) An order 125.4 terminating income withholding must specify the effective date 125.5 of the order and reference the initial order or decree that 125.6 establishes the support obligation. An order terminating income 125.7 withholding must be entered if: 125.8 (1) the obligor serves written notice of the application 125.9 for termination of income withholding by mail upon the obligee 125.10 at the obligee's last known mailing address, and a duplicate 125.11 copy of the application is served on the public authority; 125.12 (2) the application for termination of income withholding 125.13 specifies the event that terminates the support obligation, the 125.14 effective date of the termination of the support obligation, and 125.15 the applicable provisions of the order or decree that 125.16 established the support obligation; and 125.17 (3) the application includes the complete name of the 125.18 obligor's payor of funds, the business mailing address, the 125.19 court action and court file number, and the support and 125.20 collections file number, if known. 125.21 (b) The obligee or the public authority may request a 125.22 contested hearing on the issue of whether income withholding 125.23 should continue. The request must be made within 20 days of 125.24 receiving an application for termination of income withholding. 125.25 The request must clearly specify the basis for continuing income 125.26 withholding. The obligee or public authority may make an ex 125.27 parte motion to stay the service of an order terminating income 125.28 withholding upon the obligor's payor of funds pending the 125.29 outcome of the contested hearing. 125.30 Subd. 2. [TERMINATION BY THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY.] (a) If the 125.31 public authority determines that income withholding is no longer 125.32 applicable, the public authority must notify the obligee and the 125.33 obligor of intent to terminate income withholding. 125.34 (b) Five days after notification to the obligee and 125.35 obligor, the public authority must issue a notice to the payor 125.36 of funds terminating income withholding. A court order is not 126.1 required unless the obligee has requested an expedited child 126.2 support hearing under section 484.702. 126.3 Sec. 52. [517C.63] [CHILD SUPPORT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT; 126.4 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.] 126.5 Subdivision 1. [APPLICATION.] If income withholding is 126.6 ineffective due to the obligor's method of obtaining income, the 126.7 court must order the obligor to identify a child support deposit 126.8 account owned solely by the obligor, or to establish an account, 126.9 in a financial institution located in this state for the purpose 126.10 of depositing court-ordered child support payments. The court 126.11 must order the obligor to execute an agreement with the 126.12 appropriate public authority for preauthorized transfers from 126.13 the obligor's child support account payable to an account of the 126.14 public authority. The court must order the obligor to disclose 126.15 to the court all deposit accounts owned by the obligor in whole 126.16 or in part in any financial institution. The court may order 126.17 the obligor to disclose to the court the opening or closing of 126.18 any deposit account owned in whole or in part by the obligor 126.19 within 30 days of the opening or closing. The court may order 126.20 the obligor to execute an agreement with the appropriate public 126.21 authority for preauthorized transfers from any deposit account 126.22 owned in whole or in part by the obligor to the obligor's child 126.23 support deposit account if necessary to satisfy court-ordered 126.24 child support payments. The court may order a financial 126.25 institution to disclose to the court the account number and any 126.26 other information regarding accounts owned in whole or in part 126.27 by the obligor. An obligor who fails to comply with this 126.28 subdivision, fails to deposit funds in at least one deposit 126.29 account sufficient to pay court-ordered child support, or stops 126.30 payment or revokes authorization of a preauthorized transfer is 126.31 subject to contempt of court procedures under chapter 588. 126.32 Subd. 2. [TRANSFERS.] A financial institution must execute 126.33 preauthorized transfers for the deposit accounts of the obligor 126.34 in the amount specified in the order and amounts required under 126.35 this section as directed by the public authority. A financial 126.36 institution is liable to the obligee if funds in any of the 127.1 obligor's deposit accounts identified in the court order equal 127.2 the amount stated in the preauthorization agreement but are not 127.3 transferred by the financial institution in accordance with the 127.4 agreement. 127.5 Sec. 53. [517C.64] [ESCROW ACCOUNT.] 127.6 Subdivision 1. [ESTABLISHMENT.] (a) When determining or 127.7 modifying a support order the court must not order income 127.8 withholding otherwise required under sections 517C.51 to 517C.62 127.9 if: 127.10 (1) the court finds there are no arrears as of the date of 127.11 the court hearing; 127.12 (2) the obligor establishes a savings account for a sum 127.13 equal to two months of the monthly child support obligation; and 127.14 (3) the obligor provides proof of the existence of the 127.15 account to the court and the public authority prior to the 127.16 issuance of the order. Proof of the establishment must include 127.17 the financial institution name and address, account number, and 127.18 the amount of deposit. 127.19 (b) An account established under paragraph (a) must: 127.20 (1) be at a financial institution; 127.21 (2) bear interest; and 127.22 (3) authorize the public authority as the sole drawer of 127.23 funds. 127.24 Subd. 2. [DEFAULT.] (a) If a child support payment is ten 127.25 days or more past due, the obligee may transmit a notice of 127.26 default to the public authority and apply for child support 127.27 collection services. The notice must be verified by the obligee 127.28 and must contain the title of the action, the court file number, 127.29 the full name and address of the obligee, the name and last 127.30 known address of the obligor, the obligor's last known employer 127.31 or other payor of funds, the date of the first unpaid amount, 127.32 the date of the last unpaid amount, and the total amount unpaid. 127.33 (b) Within three working days of receiving a notice of 127.34 default, the public authority must: 127.35 (1) withdraw the funds held at the financial institution 127.36 under this section; and 128.1 (2) send a copy of the notice of default and a notice of 128.2 intent to implement income withholding by mail to the obligor at 128.3 the obligor's last known address. 128.4 (c) The notice of intent to implement income withholding 128.5 must state that the support order will be served on the 128.6 obligor's employer or payor of funds unless within 15 days of 128.7 the date of the notice the obligor: 128.8 (1) requests a hearing on the issue of whether payment was 128.9 in default as of the date of the notice of default; and 128.10 (2) serves notice of the hearing request on the public 128.11 authority and the obligee. 128.12 Subd. 3. [DUTIES OF THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY.] (a) Within 128.13 three working days of withdrawing sums under subdivision 2, the 128.14 public authority must remit all amounts not assigned to the 128.15 public authority to the obligee as current support. 128.16 (b) The public authority must also serve a copy of the 128.17 court's order and the provisions of sections 517C.51 to 517C.62 128.18 and this section on the obligor's employer or other payor of 128.19 funds unless the obligor requests a hearing under subdivision 2, 128.20 paragraph (c). 128.21 (c) The public authority must inform the obligor's employer 128.22 or other payor of funds of the date the next support payment is 128.23 due. Income withholding must begin on that date and must 128.24 reflect the total credits of principal and interest amounts 128.25 received from the escrow account. 128.26 Subd. 4. [HEARING.] (a) If the obligor requests a hearing 128.27 under subdivision 2, paragraph (c), the court must hold a 128.28 hearing within 30 days of the date of the notice of default 128.29 under subdivision 2, paragraph (a). 128.30 (b) If the court finds that there was a default, the court 128.31 must order the immediate withholding of support from the 128.32 obligor's income. 128.33 (c) If the court finds that there was no default, the court 128.34 must order the reestablishment of the escrow account by either 128.35 the obligee or obligor and must not order income withholding. 128.36 Subd. 5. [TERMINATION OF ESCROW ACCOUNT.] (a) When the 129.1 support obligation ends under the terms of the order or decree 129.2 establishing the obligation and the sum held under this section 129.3 has not otherwise been released, the public authority must 129.4 release the sum and interest to the obligor if the obligor 129.5 transmits a notice of termination to the public authority. The 129.6 notice must be verified by the obligor and must indicate: 129.7 (1) the title of the action; 129.8 (2) the court file number; 129.9 (3) the full name and address of the obligee; 129.10 (4) the event that ends the support obligation; 129.11 (5) the effective date of the termination of support 129.12 obligation; and 129.13 (6) the applicable provisions of the order or decree that 129.14 established the support obligation. 129.15 (b) The public authority must send a copy of the notice of 129.16 termination to the obligee. 129.17 (c) The obligee or the public authority may request a 129.18 hearing on the issues of whether the support obligation 129.19 continues and whether the escrow account should continue. The 129.20 request must be made and served on the other parties within 20 129.21 days of receiving a notice of termination. 129.22 Sec. 54. [517C.65] [TRUSTEE.] 129.23 Subdivision 1. [APPOINTMENT.] Upon its own motion or upon 129.24 motion of either party, the court may appoint a trustee, when it 129.25 is deemed expedient, to receive money ordered to be paid as 129.26 child support for remittance to the person entitled to receive 129.27 the payments. The trustee may also receive property that is 129.28 part of an award for division of marital property. The trustee 129.29 must hold the property in trust to invest and pay over the 129.30 income in the manner the court directs, or to pay over the 129.31 principal sum in the proportions and at the times the court 129.32 orders. In all cases, the court must consider the situation and 129.33 circumstances of the recipient, and the children, if any. The 129.34 trust must give a bond, as the court requires, for the faithful 129.35 performance of the trust. If it appears that the recipient of 129.36 money ordered to be paid as support will receive public 130.1 assistance, the court must appoint the public authority as 130.2 trustee. 130.3 Subd. 2. [RECORDS.] The trustee must maintain records 130.4 listing the amount of payments, the date when payments are 130.5 required to be made, and the names and addresses of the parties 130.6 affected by the order. 130.7 Subd. 3. [COMMUNICATION.] The parties affected by the 130.8 order must inform the trustee of a change of address or of other 130.9 conditions that may affect the administration of the order. 130.10 Subd. 4. [LATE PAYMENT.] If a required support payment is 130.11 ten days or more overdue, the trustee must send the obligor 130.12 notice of the arrears by first class mail. If payment of the 130.13 sum due is not received by the trustee within ten days after 130.14 sending notice, the trustee must certify the amount due to the 130.15 public authority, whenever that authority is not the trustee. 130.16 If the public authority refers the arrears to the county 130.17 attorney, the county attorney may initiate enforcement 130.18 proceedings against the obligor for support. 130.19 Sec. 55. [517C.66] [OVERPAYMENTS.] 130.20 If child support is not assigned under section 256.741, and 130.21 an obligor has overpaid a child support obligation because of a 130.22 modification or error in the amount owed, the public authority 130.23 must: 130.24 (1) apply the amount of the overpayment to reduce the 130.25 amount of child support arrears or debts owed to the obligee; 130.26 and 130.27 (2) if an overpayment exists after the reduction of arrears 130.28 or debt, reduce the amount of the child support remitted to the 130.29 obligee by an amount no greater than 20 percent of the current 130.30 monthly support obligation and remit this amount to the obligor 130.31 until the overpayment is reduced to zero. 130.32 Sec. 56. [517C.67] [ALTERNATE NOTICE OF COURT ORDER.] 130.33 Whenever this chapter requires service of a court's order 130.34 on an employer, union, or payor of funds, service of a verified 130.35 notice of order may be made in lieu of the order. The verified 130.36 notice must contain the title of the action, the name of the 131.1 court, the court file number, the date of the court order, and 131.2 must recite the operative provisions of the order. 131.3 Sec. 57. [517C.70] [CHILD SUPPORT AND PARENTING TIME ARE 131.4 INDEPENDENT.] 131.5 (a) Failure by a party to make support payments is not a 131.6 defense to: 131.7 (1) interference with parenting time rights; or 131.8 (2) removing a child from this state without the permission 131.9 of the court or of a parent who has been given parenting time. 131.10 (b) Interference with parenting time rights or taking a 131.11 child from this state without permission of the court or of a 131.12 parent who has been given parenting time is not a defense to 131.13 nonpayment of support. 131.14 (c) If a party fails to make support payments, interferes 131.15 with parenting time rights, or removes a child from this state 131.16 without permission of the court or of a parent who has been 131.17 given parenting time, the other party may petition the court for 131.18 an appropriate order. 131.19 Sec. 58. [517C.71] [PAYMENT AGREEMENTS.] 131.20 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.] An obligor who has 131.21 child support arrears may enter into a payment agreement that 131.22 addresses payment of both current and overdue support. Payment 131.23 agreements must: 131.24 (1) be in writing; 131.25 (2) address both current support and arrears; and 131.26 (3) be approved by the court, a child support magistrate, 131.27 or the public authority. 131.28 Subd. 2. [CONSIDERATIONS.] In proposing or approving 131.29 proposed payment agreements for purposes of this chapter, the 131.30 court, a child support magistrate, or the public authority must 131.31 take into consideration the amount of the arrears, the amount of 131.32 the current support order, any pending request for modification, 131.33 and the earnings of the obligor. The court, child support 131.34 magistrate, or public authority must consider the individual 131.35 financial circumstances of each obligor in evaluating the 131.36 obligor's ability to pay a proposed payment agreement and must 132.1 propose a reasonable payment agreement tailored to the 132.2 individual financial circumstances of each obligor. 132.3 Sec. 59. [517C.72] [SEEK EMPLOYMENT ORDERS.] 132.4 Subdivision 1. [COURT ORDER.] (a) When the public 132.5 authority is enforcing a support order, the public authority may 132.6 seek a court order requiring an obligor to seek employment if: 132.7 (1) employment of the obligor cannot be verified; 132.8 (2) the obligor has child support arrears amounting to at 132.9 least three times the obligor's total monthly support payments; 132.10 and 132.11 (3) the obligor is not in compliance with a payment 132.12 agreement. 132.13 (b) Upon proper notice to the obligor, the court may enter 132.14 a seek employment order if it finds that the obligor has not 132.15 provided proof of gainful employment and has not consented to an 132.16 order for income withholding or entered into a payment agreement. 132.17 Subd. 2. [CONTENTS OF ORDER.] The order to seek employment 132.18 must: 132.19 (1) order that the obligor seek employment within a 132.20 determinate amount of time; 132.21 (2) order that the obligor file with the public authority a 132.22 weekly report of at least five new attempts to find employment 132.23 or of having found employment. The report must include the 132.24 names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the employers or 132.25 businesses with whom the obligor attempted to obtain employment 132.26 and the name of the individual contact at each employer or 132.27 business to whom the obligor made application for employment or 132.28 to whom an inquiry was directed; 132.29 (3) notify the obligor that failure to comply with the 132.30 order is evidence of a willful failure to pay support under 132.31 section 517C.74; 132.32 (4) order that the obligor provide the public authority 132.33 with verification of any reason for noncompliance with the 132.34 order; and 132.35 (5) specify the duration of the order, not to exceed three 132.36 months. 133.1 Sec. 60. [517C.73] [ORDER FOR COMMUNITY SERVICES.] 133.2 If the court finds that the obligor earns $400 or less per 133.3 month and does not have the ability to provide support based on 133.4 the guidelines and factors in this chapter, the court may order 133.5 the obligor to perform community services to fulfill the 133.6 obligor's support obligation. In ordering community services 133.7 under this section, the court must consider whether the obligor 133.8 has the physical capability to perform community services, and 133.9 must order community services that are appropriate for the 133.10 obligor's abilities. 133.11 Sec. 61. [517C.74] [CONTEMPT PROCEEDINGS FOR NONPAYMENT OF 133.12 SUPPORT.] 133.13 Subdivision 1. [GROUNDS.] If a person against whom an 133.14 order or decree for support has been entered under this chapter, 133.15 chapter 256, or a comparable law from another jurisdiction, has 133.16 child support arrears amounting to at least three times the 133.17 obligor's total monthly support obligation and is not in 133.18 compliance with a payment agreement, the person may be cited and 133.19 punished by the court for contempt under chapter 588 or this 133.20 section. Failure to comply with a seek employment order entered 133.21 under section 517C.72 is evidence of willful failure to pay 133.22 support. 133.23 Subd. 2. [COURT OPTIONS.] (a) If a court cites a person 133.24 for contempt under this section, and the obligor lives in a 133.25 county that contracts with the commissioner of human services 133.26 under section 256.997, the court may order the performance of 133.27 community service work up to 32 hours per week for six weeks for 133.28 each finding of contempt if the obligor: 133.29 (1) is able to work full time; 133.30 (2) works an average of less than 32 hours per week; and 133.31 (3) has actual weekly gross income averaging less than 40 133.32 times the federal minimum hourly wage under United States Code, 133.33 title 29, section 206(a)(1), or is voluntarily earning less than 133.34 the obligor has the ability to earn, as determined by the court. 133.35 (b) An obligor is presumed to be able to work full time. 133.36 The obligor has the burden of proving inability to work full 134.1 time. 134.2 Subd. 3. [RELEASE.] A person ordered to do community 134.3 service work under subdivision 2 may, during the six-week 134.4 period, apply to the court, an administrative law judge, or the 134.5 public authority to be released from the community service work 134.6 requirement if the person: 134.7 (1) provides proof to the court, an administrative law 134.8 judge, or the public authority that the person is gainfully 134.9 employed and submits to an order for income withholding under 134.10 section 517C.52; 134.11 (2) enters into a payment agreement; or 134.12 (3) provides proof to the court, an administrative law 134.13 judge, or the public authority that, after entry of the order, 134.14 the person's circumstances have so changed that the person is no 134.15 longer able to fulfill the terms of the community service order. 134.16 Subd. 4. [CONTINUING OBLIGATIONS.] The performance of 134.17 community service work does not relieve an obligor of a current 134.18 support obligation or arrears. 134.19 Sec. 62. [517C.745] [SECURITY; SEQUESTRATION; CONTEMPT.] 134.20 (a) In all cases when support payments are ordered, the 134.21 court may require sufficient security to be given for the 134.22 payment of them according to the terms of the order. Upon 134.23 neglect or refusal to give security, or upon failure to pay the 134.24 support, the court may sequester the obligor's personal estate 134.25 and the rents and profits of real estate of the obligor, and 134.26 appoint a receiver of them. The court may cause the personal 134.27 estate and the rents and profits of the real estate to be 134.28 applied according to the terms of the order. 134.29 (b) The obligor is presumed to have an income from a source 134.30 sufficient to pay the support order. A child support order 134.31 constitutes prima facie evidence that the obligor has the 134.32 ability to pay the award. If the obligor disobeys the order, it 134.33 is prima facie evidence of contempt. The court may cite the 134.34 obligor for contempt under this section, section 517C.74, or 134.35 chapter 588. 134.36 Sec. 63. [517C.75] [DRIVER'S LICENSE SUSPENSION.] 135.1 Subdivision 1. [FACTORS WARRANTING SUSPENSION.] An 135.2 obligor's driver's license must be suspended if: 135.3 (1) the obligor has child support arrears amounting to at 135.4 least three times the obligor's total monthly support obligation 135.5 and the obligor is not in compliance with a payment agreement; 135.6 or 135.7 (2) the obligor has failed, after receiving notice, to 135.8 comply with a subpoena relating to a paternity or child support 135.9 proceeding. 135.10 Subd. 2. [MOTION; HEARING; PROCEDURE.] (a) Upon the motion 135.11 of a party, the court must order the commissioner of public 135.12 safety to suspend an obligor's driver's license if the court 135.13 finds that a factor in subdivision 1 exists. 135.14 (b) The motion must be properly served and there must be an 135.15 opportunity for a hearing pursuant to court rules. If a hearing 135.16 is requested, the obligor must be served written notice of the 135.17 time and date of the hearing at least 14 days prior to the 135.18 hearing. The notice must specify the allegations against the 135.19 obligor. The notice may be served personally or by mail. 135.20 (c) The court's order must be stayed for 90 days in order 135.21 to allow the obligor to enter into a payment agreement. If the 135.22 obligor has not entered into or is not in compliance with a 135.23 payment agreement after the 90 days expire, the court's order 135.24 becomes effective and the commissioner of public safety must 135.25 suspend the obligor's driver's license. 135.26 (d) An obligee may not make a motion under this section 135.27 within 12 months of a denial of a previous motion under this 135.28 section. 135.29 (e) At a hearing regarding the obligor's failure to comply 135.30 with a subpoena, the only issues to be considered are mistake of 135.31 fact and whether the obligor received the subpoena. 135.32 Subd. 3. [SUSPENSION INITIATED BY THE PUBLIC 135.33 AUTHORITY.] (a) The public authority must direct the 135.34 commissioner of public safety to suspend an obligor's driver's 135.35 license if the public authority determines that a factor in 135.36 subdivision 1 exists. 136.1 (b) At least 90 days before directing the suspension of a 136.2 driver's license the public authority must attempt to notify the 136.3 obligor that it intends to seek suspension and that the obligor 136.4 must request a hearing within 30 days in order to contest the 136.5 suspension. The notice must be in writing and mailed to the 136.6 obligor at the obligor's last known address. 136.7 (c) If the obligor makes a written request for a hearing 136.8 within 30 days, a court hearing must be held. The public 136.9 authority must then make a motion to the court and schedule a 136.10 hearing. The matter must then proceed under subdivision 2. 136.11 (d) If the public authority does not receive a request for 136.12 a hearing within 30 days and the obligor does not enter into a 136.13 payment agreement within 90 days of the date of the notice, the 136.14 public authority must direct the commissioner of public safety 136.15 to suspend the obligor's driver's license. 136.16 Subd. 4. [FAILURE TO REMAIN IN COMPLIANCE WITH A PAYMENT 136.17 AGREEMENT.] The license of an obligor who fails to remain in 136.18 compliance with a payment agreement may be suspended. Notice to 136.19 the obligor of intent to suspend under this subdivision must be 136.20 served by first class mail at the obligor's last known address 136.21 and must include a notice of hearing. The notice must be served 136.22 upon the obligor not less than ten days before the date of the 136.23 hearing. If the obligor appears at the hearing and the judge 136.24 determines that the obligor has failed to comply with a payment 136.25 agreement, the judge must notify the department of public safety 136.26 to suspend the obligor's license. If the obligor fails to 136.27 appear at the hearing, the public authority may notify the 136.28 department of public safety to suspend the obligor's license. 136.29 Subd. 5. [REINSTATEMENT.] An obligor whose driver's 136.30 license or operating privileges are suspended may provide proof 136.31 to the public authority that the obligor is in compliance with 136.32 all payment agreements. Within 15 days of the receipt of that 136.33 proof, the public authority must inform the commissioner of 136.34 public safety that the obligor's driver's license or operating 136.35 privileges should no longer be suspended. 136.36 Subd. 6. [REPORT TO THE LEGISLATURE.] On January 15, 2003, 137.1 and every two years after that, the commissioner of human 137.2 services must submit a report to the legislature that identifies 137.3 the following information relevant to the implementation of this 137.4 section: 137.5 (1) the number of child support obligors notified of an 137.6 intent to suspend a driver's license; 137.7 (2) the amount collected in payments from the child support 137.8 obligors notified of an intent to suspend a driver's license; 137.9 (3) the number of cases paid in full and payment agreements 137.10 executed in response to notification of an intent to suspend a 137.11 driver's license; 137.12 (4) the number of cases in which there has been 137.13 notification and no payments or payment agreements; 137.14 (5) the number of driver's licenses suspended; and 137.15 (6) the cost of implementation and operation of the 137.16 requirements of this section. 137.17 Sec. 64. [517C.76] [OCCUPATIONAL LICENSE SUSPENSION.] 137.18 Subdivision 1. [FACTORS WARRANTING SUSPENSION.] An 137.19 obligor's occupational license must be suspended if: 137.20 (1) the obligor has child support arrears amounting to at 137.21 least three times the obligor's total monthly support obligation 137.22 and the obligor is not in compliance with a payment agreement; 137.23 or 137.24 (2) the obligor has failed, after receiving notice, to 137.25 comply with a subpoena relating to a paternity or child support 137.26 proceeding. 137.27 Subd. 2. [MOTION; HEARING; PROCEDURE.] (a) Upon the motion 137.28 of a party, the court must order a licensing board or agency to 137.29 suspend an obligor's license under section 214.101 if the court 137.30 finds that a factor in subdivision 1 exists. 137.31 (b) The motion must be properly served and there must be an 137.32 opportunity for a hearing pursuant to court rules. If a hearing 137.33 is requested, the obligor must be served written notice of the 137.34 time and date of the hearing at least 14 days prior to the 137.35 hearing. The notice must specify the allegations against the 137.36 obligor. The notice may be served personally or by mail. 138.1 (c) The court's order must be stayed for 90 days in order 138.2 to allow the obligor to enter into a payment agreement. If the 138.3 obligor has not entered into or is not in compliance with a 138.4 payment agreement after the 90 days expire, the court's order 138.5 becomes effective. 138.6 (d) At a hearing regarding the obligor's failure to comply 138.7 with a subpoena, the only issues to be considered are mistake of 138.8 fact and whether the obligor received the subpoena. 138.9 (e) If the obligor is a licensed attorney, the court must 138.10 report the matter to the lawyer's professional responsibility 138.11 board for appropriate action in accordance with the Rules of 138.12 Professional Conduct. 138.13 Subd. 3. [SUSPENSION INITIATED BY THE PUBLIC 138.14 AUTHORITY.] (a) The public authority must direct a licensing 138.15 board or agency to suspend an obligor's license under section 138.16 214.101 if the public authority determines that the factors in 138.17 subdivision 1 exist. 138.18 (b) At least 90 days before directing the suspension of an 138.19 occupational license, the public authority must attempt to 138.20 notify the obligor that it intends to seek suspension and that 138.21 the obligor must request a hearing within 30 days in order to 138.22 contest the suspension. The notice must be in writing and 138.23 mailed to the obligor at the obligor's last known address. 138.24 (c) If the obligor makes a written request for a hearing 138.25 within 30 days a court hearing must be held. The public 138.26 authority must then make a motion to the court and schedule a 138.27 hearing. The matter must then proceed under subdivision 2. 138.28 (d) If the public authority does not receive a request for 138.29 a hearing within 30 days and the obligor does not execute a 138.30 payment agreement within 90 days of the date of the notice, the 138.31 public authority must direct the licensing board or agency to 138.32 suspend the obligor's license. 138.33 (e) If the obligor is a licensed attorney, the public 138.34 authority may report the matter to the lawyer's professional 138.35 responsibility board for appropriate action in accordance with 138.36 the Rules of Professional Conduct. 139.1 Subd. 4. [FAILURE TO REMAIN IN COMPLIANCE WITH AN APPROVED 139.2 PAYMENT AGREEMENT.] The license of an obligor who fails to 139.3 remain in compliance with a payment agreement may be suspended. 139.4 Notice to the obligor of an intent to suspend under this 139.5 subdivision must be served by first class mail at the obligor's 139.6 last known address and must include a notice of hearing. The 139.7 notice must be served upon the obligor not less than ten days 139.8 before the date of the hearing. If the obligor appears at the 139.9 hearing and the judge determines that the obligor has failed to 139.10 comply with a payment agreement, the judge must notify the 139.11 licensing board or agency to suspend the obligor's license. If 139.12 the obligor fails to appear at the hearing, the public authority 139.13 may notify the licensing board or agency to suspend the 139.14 obligor's license. 139.15 Subd. 5. [REINSTATEMENT.] An obligor whose occupational 139.16 license is suspended may provide proof to the public authority 139.17 that the obligor is in compliance with all payment agreements. 139.18 Within 15 days of the receipt of that proof, the public 139.19 authority must inform the licensing board or agency or the 139.20 lawyer's professional responsibility board that the obligor is 139.21 no longer ineligible for license issuance, reinstatement, or 139.22 renewal under this section. 139.23 Sec. 65. [517C.77] [DATA ON SUSPENSIONS FOR SUPPORT 139.24 ARREARS.] 139.25 Notwithstanding section 13.03, subdivision 4, paragraph 139.26 (c), data on an occupational license suspension under section 139.27 517C.76 or a driver's license suspension under section 517C.75, 139.28 that are transferred by the department of human services to 139.29 respectively the department of public safety or a state, county, 139.30 or municipal occupational licensing agency must have the same 139.31 classification at the department of public safety or other 139.32 receiving agency under section 13.02, as other license 139.33 suspension data held by the receiving agency. The transfer of 139.34 the data does not affect the classification of the data in the 139.35 hands of the department of human services. 139.36 Sec. 66. [517C.78] [RECREATIONAL LICENSE SUSPENSION.] 140.1 Subdivision 1. [MOTION; FACTORS.] (a) A party may make a 140.2 motion to suspend the recreational license or licenses of an 140.3 obligor. The motion must be served on the obligor in person or 140.4 by first class mail at the obligor's last known address. There 140.5 must be an opportunity for a hearing. The court may direct the 140.6 commissioner of natural resources to suspend or bar receipt of 140.7 the obligor's recreational license or licenses if it finds that: 140.8 (1) the obligor has child support arrears amounting to at 140.9 least six times the obligor's total monthly support payments and 140.10 the obligor is not in compliance with a payment agreement; or 140.11 (2) the obligor has failed, after receiving notice, to 140.12 comply with a subpoena relating to a paternity or child support 140.13 proceeding. 140.14 (b) Prior to utilizing this section, the court must find 140.15 that other substantial enforcement mechanisms have been 140.16 attempted but have not resulted in compliance. 140.17 Subd. 2. [AFFECTED LICENSES.] For purposes of this 140.18 section, a recreational license includes all licenses, permits, 140.19 and stamps issued centrally by the commissioner of natural 140.20 resources under sections 97B.301, 97B.401, 97B.501, 97B.515, 140.21 97B.601, 97B.715, 97B.721, 97B.801, 97C.301, and 97C.305. 140.22 Subd. 3. [REINSTATEMENT.] An obligor whose recreational 140.23 license has been suspended or barred may provide proof to the 140.24 court that the obligor is in compliance with all payment 140.25 agreements. Within 15 days of receipt of that proof, the court 140.26 must notify the commissioner of natural resources that the 140.27 obligor's recreational license or licenses must no longer be 140.28 suspended nor may receipt be barred. 140.29 Sec. 67. [517C.79] [MOTOR VEHICLE LIEN.] 140.30 Subdivision 1. [FACTORS WARRANTING LIEN.] A lien must be 140.31 entered on any motor vehicle certificate of title subsequently 140.32 issued in the name of an obligor if the obligor has child 140.33 support arrears amounting to at least three times the obligor's 140.34 total monthly support obligation and the obligor is not in 140.35 compliance with a payment agreement. 140.36 Subd. 2. [MOTION; HEARING; PROCEDURE.] (a) Upon the motion 141.1 of a party, if the court finds that the factors in subdivision 1 141.2 exist, the court must order the commissioner of public safety to 141.3 enter a lien in the name of the obligee or in the name of the 141.4 state of Minnesota, as appropriate, under section 168A.05, 141.5 subdivision 8, on any motor vehicle certificate of title 141.6 subsequently issued in the name of the obligor. 141.7 (b) The motion must be properly served and there must be an 141.8 opportunity for a hearing pursuant to court rules. If a hearing 141.9 is requested, the obligor must be served written notice of the 141.10 time and date of the hearing at least 14 days prior to the 141.11 hearing. The notice must specify the allegations against the 141.12 obligor. The notice may be served personally or by mail. 141.13 (c) The court's order must be stayed for 90 days in order 141.14 to allow the obligor to enter into a payment agreement. If the 141.15 obligor has not entered into or is not in compliance with a 141.16 payment agreement after the 90 days expires, the court's order 141.17 becomes effective and the commissioner of public safety must 141.18 record the lien on any motor vehicle certificate of title 141.19 subsequently issued in the name of the obligor. 141.20 Subd. 3. [LIEN INITIATED BY THE PUBLIC AUTHORITY.] (a) If 141.21 the public authority determines that the factors in subdivision 141.22 1 exist, the public authority must direct the commissioner of 141.23 public safety to enter a lien in the name of the obligee or in 141.24 the name of the state of Minnesota, as appropriate, under 141.25 section 168A.05, subdivision 8, on any motor vehicle certificate 141.26 of title subsequently issued in the name of the obligor. 141.27 (b) At least 90 days before directing the entry of a lien 141.28 under this section the public authority must attempt to notify 141.29 the obligor that it intends to record a lien and that the 141.30 obligor must request a hearing within 30 days in order to 141.31 contest the action. The notice must be in writing and mailed to 141.32 the obligor at the obligor's last known address. 141.33 (c) If the obligor makes a written request for a hearing 141.34 within 30 days a court hearing must be held. The public 141.35 authority must then make a motion to the court and schedule a 141.36 hearing. The matter must then proceed under subdivision 2. 142.1 (d) If the public authority does not receive a request for 142.2 a hearing within 30 days and the obligor does not enter into a 142.3 payment agreement within 90 days of the date of the notice, the 142.4 public authority must direct the commissioner of public safety 142.5 to record the lien. 142.6 Subd. 4. [RELEASE.] An obligor may provide proof to the 142.7 court or the public authority that the obligor is in compliance 142.8 with all payment agreements or that the value of the motor 142.9 vehicle is less than the exemption provided under section 142.10 550.37. Within 15 days of the receipt of that proof, the court 142.11 or public authority must either: 142.12 (1) execute a release of security interest under section 142.13 168A.20, subdivision 4, and mail or deliver the release to the 142.14 owner or other authorized person; or 142.15 (2) in instances where a lien has not yet been entered, 142.16 direct the commissioner of public safety not to enter a lien on 142.17 any motor vehicle certificate of title subsequently issued in 142.18 the name of the obligor. 142.19 Subd. 5. [NONEXEMPT VALUE.] A lien recorded against a 142.20 motor vehicle certificate of title under this section and 142.21 section 168A.05, subdivision 8, attaches only to the nonexempt 142.22 value of the motor vehicle as determined in accordance with 142.23 section 550.37. The value of a motor vehicle must be determined 142.24 in accordance with the retail value described in the National 142.25 Auto Dealers Association Official Used Car Guide, Midwest 142.26 Edition, for the current year, or in accordance with the 142.27 purchase price as defined in section 297B.01, subdivision 8. 142.28 Sec. 68. [517C.80] [PUBLICATION OF NAMES OF DELINQUENT 142.29 CHILD SUPPORT OBLIGORS.] 142.30 Subdivision 1. [MAKING NAMES PUBLIC.] At least once each 142.31 year, the commissioner of human services, in consultation with 142.32 the attorney general, may publish a list of the names and other 142.33 identifying information of no more than 25 persons who: 142.34 (1) are child support obligors; 142.35 (2) are at least $10,000 in arrears; 142.36 (3) are not in compliance with a payment agreement 143.1 regarding both current support and arrears approved by the 143.2 court, a child support magistrate, or the public authority; 143.3 (4) cannot currently be located by the public authority for 143.4 the purposes of enforcing a support order; and 143.5 (5) have not made a support payment except tax intercept 143.6 payments, in the preceding 12 months. 143.7 Subd. 2. [IDENTIFYING INFORMATION.] Identifying 143.8 information may include the obligor's name, last known address, 143.9 amount owed, date of birth, photograph, the number of children 143.10 for whom support is owed, and any additional information about 143.11 the obligor that would assist in identifying or locating the 143.12 obligor. The commissioner and attorney general may use posters, 143.13 media presentations, electronic technology, and other means that 143.14 the commissioner and attorney general determine are appropriate 143.15 for dissemination of the information, including publication on 143.16 the Internet. The commissioner and attorney general may make 143.17 any or all of the identifying information regarding these 143.18 persons public. Information regarding an obligor who meets the 143.19 criteria in this section will only be made public subsequent to 143.20 that person's selection by the commissioner and attorney general. 143.21 Subd. 3. [NOTICE.] (a) Before making public the name of 143.22 the obligor, the department of human services must send a notice 143.23 to the obligor's last known address stating the department's 143.24 intention to make public information on the obligor. The notice 143.25 must also provide an opportunity to have the obligor's name 143.26 removed from the list by paying the arrears or by entering into 143.27 an agreement to pay the arrears, or by providing information to 143.28 the public authority that there is good cause not to make the 143.29 information public. The notice must include the final date when 143.30 the payment or agreement can be accepted. 143.31 (b) The department of human services must obtain the 143.32 written consent of the obligee to make the name of the obligor 143.33 public. 143.34 Subd. 4. [NAMES PUBLISHED IN ERROR.] If the commissioner 143.35 makes a name public under subdivision 1 in error, the 143.36 commissioner must also offer to publish a printed retraction and 144.1 a public apology acknowledging that the name was made public in 144.2 error. If the person whose name was made public in error elects 144.3 the public retraction and apology, the retraction and apology 144.4 must appear in the same medium and the same format as the 144.5 original notice where the name was listed in error. In addition 144.6 to the right of a public retraction and apology, a person whose 144.7 name was made public in error has a civil action for damages 144.8 caused by the error. 144.9 Sec. 69. [517C.81] [COLLECTION; ARREARS.] 144.10 Subdivision 1. [COLLECTION OF ARREARS TO CONTINUE AFTER 144.11 CHILD IS EMANCIPATED.] Remedies available for the collection and 144.12 enforcement of support in this chapter and chapters 256, 257, 144.13 and 518C also apply to cases in which a child for whom support 144.14 is owed is emancipated and the obligor owes past support or has 144.15 accumulated arrears. Child support arrears under this section 144.16 include arrears for child support, medical support, child care, 144.17 pregnancy and birth expenses, and unreimbursed medical expenses 144.18 as defined in section 517C.15. 144.19 Subd. 2. [RETROACTIVE APPLICATION.] This section applies 144.20 retroactively to support arrears that accrued on or before the 144.21 date of enactment and to all arrears accruing after the date of 144.22 enactment. 144.23 Subd. 3. [LIMITATIONS.] Past support or pregnancy and 144.24 confinement expenses ordered for which the obligor has specific 144.25 court ordered terms for repayment may not be enforced using 144.26 drivers' and occupational or professional license suspension, 144.27 credit bureau reporting, and additional income withholding under 144.28 section 517C.60, unless the obligor fails to comply with the 144.29 terms of the court order for repayment. 144.30 Subd. 4. [PAYMENT OF ARREARS.] Absent a court order to the 144.31 contrary, if an arrearage exists at the time a support order 144.32 would otherwise terminate and section 517C.60, does not apply, 144.33 the arrearage must be repaid in an amount equal to the current 144.34 support order until all arrears have been paid in full. 144.35 Subd. 5. [PAYMENT AGREEMENT.] If an arrearage exists 144.36 according to a support order which fails to establish a monthly 145.1 support obligation in a specific dollar amount, the public 145.2 authority, if it provides child support collection services, or 145.3 the obligee, may establish a payment agreement. The payment 145.4 agreement must equal what the obligor would pay for current 145.5 child support, plus an additional 20 percent of the current 145.6 child support obligation, until the obligor pays all arrears in 145.7 full. If the obligor fails to enter into or comply with a 145.8 payment agreement, the public authority, if it provides child 145.9 support collection services, or the obligee may file a motion 145.10 for a court order establishing repayment terms. 145.11 Sec. 70. [517C.82] [COLLECTION; REVENUE RECAPTURE.] 145.12 The public authority may submit debt under chapter 270A 145.13 only if the obligor is in arrears in court-ordered child support 145.14 or maintenance payments, or both, in an amount greater than the 145.15 obligor's total monthly support and maintenance payments or if 145.16 the debt has been entered and docketed as a judgment under 145.17 section 548.09, subdivision 2a. 145.18 Sec. 71. [517C.83] [CASE REVIEWER.] 145.19 The commissioner must make a case reviewer available to 145.20 obligors and obligees. The reviewer must be available to answer 145.21 questions concerning the collection process and to review the 145.22 collection activity taken. A reviewer who reasonably believes 145.23 that a particular action being taken is unreasonable or unfair 145.24 may make recommendations to the commissioner and the applicable 145.25 county in regard to the collection action. 145.26 Sec. 72. [517C.84] [ATTORNEY FEES; COLLECTION COSTS.] 145.27 Subdivision 1. [GENERAL.] (a) A child support obligee is 145.28 entitled to recover from the obligor reasonable attorney fees 145.29 and other collection costs incurred to enforce a child support 145.30 judgment, as provided in this section. 145.31 (b) In order to recover collection costs under this 145.32 section, the arrears must be at least $500 and must be at least 145.33 90 days past due. In addition, the arrears must be a docketed 145.34 judgment under sections 548.09 and 548.091. 145.35 (c) If the obligor pays in full the judgment rendered under 145.36 section 548.091 within 20 days of receipt of notice of entry of 146.1 judgment, the obligee is not entitled to recover attorney fees 146.2 or collection costs under this section. 146.3 Subd. 2. [ENFORCEMENT.] Attorney fees and collection costs 146.4 obtained under this section are considered child support and 146.5 entitled to the applicable remedies for collection and 146.6 enforcement of child support. 146.7 Subd. 3. [NOTICE TO PUBLIC AUTHORITY.] If the public 146.8 authority is a party to a case, an obligee must provide written 146.9 notice to the public authority within five days of: 146.10 (1) contracting with an attorney or collection entity to 146.11 enforce a child support judgment; or 146.12 (2) receipting payments received on a child support 146.13 judgment. 146.14 Subd. 4. [NOTICE TO OBLIGOR; HEARING.] (a) The obligee 146.15 must serve notice of the obligee's intent to recover attorney 146.16 fees and collections costs by certified or registered mail on 146.17 the obligor at the obligor's last known address. The notice 146.18 must include an itemization of the attorney fees and collection 146.19 costs being sought by the obligee. It must inform the obligor 146.20 that the fees and costs will become an additional judgment for 146.21 child support unless, within 20 days of mailing of the notice, 146.22 the obligor requests a hearing: 146.23 (1) on the reasonableness of the fees and costs; or 146.24 (2) to contest the child support judgment on grounds 146.25 limited to mistake of fact. 146.26 (b) If the obligor requests a hearing, the only issues to 146.27 be determined by the court are: 146.28 (1) whether the attorney fees or collection costs were 146.29 reasonably incurred by the obligee for the enforcement of a 146.30 child support judgment against the obligor; or 146.31 (2) the validity of the child support judgment on grounds 146.32 limited to mistake of fact. 146.33 (c) The fees and costs may not exceed 30 percent of the 146.34 arrears. The court may modify the amount of attorney fees and 146.35 costs as appropriate and must enter judgment accordingly. 146.36 (d) If the obligor fails to request a hearing within 20 147.1 days of mailing of the notice under paragraph (a), the amount of 147.2 the attorney fees or collection costs requested by the obligee 147.3 in the notice automatically becomes an additional judgment for 147.4 child support. 147.5 Subd. 5. [FORMS.] The commissioner of human services must 147.6 prepare and make available to the court and the parties forms 147.7 for use in providing for notice and requesting a hearing under 147.8 this section. 147.9 Sec. 73. [517C.99] [REQUIRED NOTICES.] 147.10 Subdivision 1. [REQUIREMENT.] Every court order or 147.11 judgment and decree that provides for child support, spousal 147.12 maintenance, custody, or parenting time must contain certain 147.13 notices as set out in subdivision 3. The information in the 147.14 notices must be concisely stated in plain language. The notices 147.15 must be in clearly legible print, but may not exceed two pages. 147.16 An order or judgment and decree without the notice remains 147.17 subject to all statutes. The court may waive all or part of the 147.18 notice required under subdivision 3 relating to change of 147.19 address notification and similar information if it finds it is 147.20 necessary to protect the welfare of a party or child. 147.21 Subd. 2. [COPIES OF LAWS AND FORMS.] The district court 147.22 administrator must make copies of the sections referred to in 147.23 subdivision 3 available at no charge and must provide forms to 147.24 request or contest attorney fees, collection costs, and 147.25 cost-of-living increases. 147.26 Subd. 3. [CONTENTS.] The required notices must be 147.27 substantially as follows: 147.28 IMPORTANT NOTICE 147.29 1. PAYMENTS TO PUBLIC AGENCY 147.30 According to Minnesota Statutes, section 517C.35, payments 147.31 ordered for maintenance and support must be paid to the 147.32 public agency responsible for child support enforcement as 147.33 long as the person entitled to receive the payments is 147.34 receiving or has applied for public assistance or has 147.35 applied for support and maintenance collection services. 147.36 MAIL PAYMENTS TO: 148.1 2. DEPRIVING ANOTHER OF CUSTODIAL OR PARENTAL RIGHTS -- A 148.2 FELONY 148.3 A person may be charged with a felony who conceals a minor 148.4 child or takes, obtains, retains, or fails to return a 148.5 minor child from or to the child's parent (or person with 148.6 custodial or visitation rights), according to Minnesota 148.7 Statutes, section 609.26. A copy of that section is 148.8 available from any district court clerk. 148.9 3. NONSUPPORT OF A SPOUSE OR CHILD -- CRIMINAL PENALTIES 148.10 A person who fails to pay court-ordered child support or 148.11 maintenance may be charged with a crime, which may include 148.12 misdemeanor, gross misdemeanor, or felony charges, 148.13 according to Minnesota Statutes, section 609.375. A copy 148.14 of that section is available from any district court clerk. 148.15 4. RULES OF SUPPORT, MAINTENANCE, PARENTING TIME 148.16 (a) Payment of support or spousal maintenance is to be as 148.17 ordered, and the giving of gifts or making purchases of 148.18 food, clothing, and the like will not fulfill the 148.19 obligation. 148.20 (b) Payment of support must be made as it becomes due, and 148.21 failure to secure or denial of parenting time is NOT an 148.22 excuse for nonpayment, but the aggrieved party must seek 148.23 relief through a proper motion filed with the court. 148.24 (c) Nonpayment of support is not grounds to deny parenting 148.25 time. The party entitled to receive support may apply for 148.26 support and collection services, file a contempt motion, or 148.27 obtain a judgment as provided in Minnesota Statutes, 148.28 section 548.091. 148.29 (d) The payment of support or spousal maintenance takes 148.30 priority over payment of debts and other obligations. 148.31 (e) A party who accepts additional obligations of support 148.32 does so with the full knowledge of the party's prior 148.33 obligation under this proceeding. 148.34 (f) Child support or maintenance is based on annual income, 148.35 and it is the responsibility of a person with seasonal 148.36 employment to budget income so that payments are made 149.1 throughout the year as ordered. 149.2 (g) If the obligor is laid off from employment or receives 149.3 a pay reduction, support may be reduced, but only if the 149.4 obligor serves and files a motion to reduce the support 149.5 with the court. Any reduction will take effect only if 149.6 ordered by the court and may only relate back to the time 149.7 that the motion is filed. If the obligor does not file a 149.8 motion, the support obligation will continue at the current 149.9 level. The court is not permitted to reduce support 149.10 retroactively, except as provided in Minnesota Statutes, 149.11 section 517C.29. 149.12 (h) Reasonable parenting time guidelines are contained in 149.13 Appendix B, which is available from the court administrator. 149.14 (i) The nonpayment of support may be enforced through the 149.15 denial of student grants; interception of state and federal 149.16 tax refunds; suspension of driver's, recreational, and 149.17 occupational licenses; referral to the department of 149.18 revenue or private collection agencies; seizure of assets, 149.19 including bank accounts and other assets held by financial 149.20 institutions; reporting to credit bureaus; interest 149.21 charging, income withholding, and contempt proceedings; and 149.22 other enforcement methods allowed by law. 149.23 5. PARENTAL RIGHTS REGARDING INFORMATION AND CONTACT 149.24 Unless otherwise provided by the court: 149.25 (a) Each party has the right of access to, and to receive 149.26 copies of, school, medical, dental, religious training, and 149.27 other important records and information about the minor 149.28 children. Each party has the right of access to 149.29 information regarding health or dental insurance available 149.30 to the minor children. Presentation of a copy of this 149.31 order to the custodian of a record or other information 149.32 about the minor children constitutes sufficient 149.33 authorization for the release of the record or information 149.34 to the requesting party. 149.35 (b) Each party must keep the other informed as to the name 149.36 and address of the school of attendance of the minor 150.1 children. Each party has the right to be informed by 150.2 school officials about the children's welfare, educational 150.3 progress and status, and to attend school and parent 150.4 teacher conferences. The school is not required to hold a 150.5 separate conference for each party. 150.6 (c) In case of an accident or serious illness of a minor 150.7 child, each party must notify the other party of the 150.8 accident or illness, and the name of the health care 150.9 provider and the place of treatment. 150.10 (d) Each party has the right of reasonable access and 150.11 telephone contact with the minor children. 150.12 6. WAGE AND INCOME DEDUCTION OF SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE 150.13 Child support and/or spousal maintenance may be withheld 150.14 from income, with or without notice to the person obligated 150.15 to pay, when the conditions of Minnesota Statutes, sections 150.16 517C.52 to 517C.62, have been met. A copy of those 150.17 sections is available from any district court clerk. 150.18 7. CHANGE OF ADDRESS OR RESIDENCE 150.19 Unless otherwise ordered, each party must notify the other 150.20 party, the court, and the public authority responsible for 150.21 collection, if applicable, of the following information 150.22 within ten days of any change: the residential and mailing 150.23 address, telephone number, driver's license number, social 150.24 security number, and name, address, and telephone number of 150.25 the employer. 150.26 8. COST-OF-LIVING INCREASE OF SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE 150.27 Child support and/or spousal maintenance may be adjusted 150.28 every two years based upon a change in the cost of living 150.29 (using Department of Labor Consumer Price Index .........., 150.30 unless otherwise specified in this order) when the 150.31 conditions of Minnesota Statutes, section 517C.31, are met. 150.32 Cost-of-living increases are compounded. A copy of 150.33 Minnesota Statutes, section 517C.31, and forms necessary to 150.34 request or contest a cost-of-living increase are available 150.35 from any district court clerk. 150.36 9. JUDGMENTS FOR UNPAID SUPPORT 151.1 If a person fails to make a child support payment, the 151.2 payment owed becomes a judgment against the person 151.3 responsible to make the payment by operation of law on or 151.4 after the date the payment is due, and the person entitled 151.5 to receive the payment or the public agency may obtain 151.6 entry and docketing of the judgment WITHOUT NOTICE to the 151.7 person responsible to make the payment under Minnesota 151.8 Statutes, section 548.091. Interest begins to accrue on a 151.9 payment or installment of child support whenever the unpaid 151.10 amount due is greater than the current support due, 151.11 according to Minnesota Statutes, section 548.091, 151.12 subdivision 1a. 151.13 10. JUDGMENTS FOR UNPAID SPOUSAL MAINTENANCE 151.14 A judgment for unpaid spousal maintenance may be entered 151.15 when the conditions of Minnesota Statutes, section 548.091, 151.16 are met. A copy of that section is available from any 151.17 district court clerk. 151.18 11. ATTORNEY FEES AND COLLECTION COSTS FOR ENFORCEMENT OF CHILD 151.19 SUPPORT 151.20 A judgment for attorney fees and other collection costs 151.21 incurred in enforcing a child support order will be entered 151.22 against the person responsible to pay support when the 151.23 conditions of Minnesota Statutes, section 517C.84, are 151.24 met. A copy of Minnesota Statutes, section 517C.84, and 151.25 forms necessary to request or contest these attorney fees 151.26 and collection costs are available from any district court 151.27 clerk. 151.28 12. PARENTING TIME EXPEDITOR PROCESS 151.29 On request of either party or on its own motion, the court 151.30 may appoint a parenting time expeditor to resolve parenting 151.31 time disputes under Minnesota Statutes, section 517B.28. A 151.32 copy of that section and a description of the expeditor 151.33 process is available from any district court clerk. 151.34 13. PARENTING TIME REMEDIES AND PENALTIES 151.35 Remedies and penalties for the wrongful denial of parenting 151.36 time are available under Minnesota Statutes, section 152.1 517B.27, subdivision 7. These include compensatory 152.2 parenting time, civil penalties, bond requirements, 152.3 contempt, and reversal of custody. A copy of that 152.4 subdivision and forms for requesting relief are available 152.5 from any district court clerk. 152.6 Sec. 74. [INSTRUCTION TO REVISOR.] 152.7 The revisor of statutes must correct internal 152.8 cross-references to sections that are now in Minnesota Statutes, 152.9 chapter 517C, throughout Minnesota Statutes and Minnesota Rules. 152.10 Sec. 75. [REPEALER.] 152.11 Minnesota Statutes 2000, sections 518.111; 518.171, 152.12 subdivisions 2, 2a, 3, 7, 9, and 10; 518.255; 518.54, 152.13 subdivisions 2, 4a, 13, and 14; 518.551, subdivisions 5a, 5b, 152.14 5c, 5d, 5f, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 13a, 14, and 15; 518.5513, 152.15 subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6; 518.553; 518.57; 518.575, 152.16 subdivision 2; 518.585; 518.5851, subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 152.17 and 6; 518.5852; 518.5853, subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 152.18 9, 10, and 11; 518.61; 518.6111, subdivisions 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 152.19 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18; 518.614; 518.615; 152.20 518.616; 518.617; and 518.618; Minnesota Statutes 2001 152.21 Supplement, sections 518.171, subdivisions 1, 4, 5, 6, and 8; 152.22 518.551, subdivisions 1, 5, and 5e; 518.5513, subdivision 5; 152.23 518.575, subdivision 1; 518.5851, subdivision 7; 518.5853, 152.24 subdivision 12; 518.6111, subdivisions 5 and 19; 518.6195; and 152.25 518.6196, are repealed. 152.26 Sec. 76. [EFFECTIVE DATE.] 152.27 This act is effective July 1, 2002.