2007 Minnesota Statutes

277.21 LEVY AND DISTRAINT.
    Subdivision 1. Collection authority of the county treasurer. If a tax assessed on personal
property or manufactured homes and collectible under this chapter is not paid when due, the
county treasurer shall, as soon as practicable, take action the county treasurer considers necessary
and reasonable to collect the delinquent tax. By mutual agreement, the county treasurer may use
the services of the district court or the central collection unit of the county to effect collection. In
addition, by inclusion and not limitation, the county treasurer may request a writ of execution to
enforce any tax judgment or may levy and seize property under authority granted by this section.
Taxes may be collected by the county treasurer within five years after the date of assessment of the
tax, or if a lien has been filed, within the period the lien is enforceable, or if the tax judgment has
been filed, within the statutory period of enforcement of a valid tax judgment, by a levy upon all
property and rights to property of the person liable for the payment of the tax. However, the right to
levy does not extend to property that is exempt from execution under sections 550.37, 550.38, and
550.39, but manufactured homes otherwise exempt per section 550.37, subdivision 12, are subject
to levy and sale under this section. The term "levy" includes the power of distraint and seizure by
any means. For this purpose, the term "tax" includes penalty, interest, and costs properly payable.
    Subd. 2. Notice and demand; jeopardy collection. At least 30 days before a levy is made,
notice and demand for payment of the amount due must be given to the person liable for the
payment or collection of the tax. If the county treasurer has reason to believe that collection of
the tax is in jeopardy, notice and demand for immediate payment of the tax may be made by the
county treasurer. If the tax is not paid, the county treasurer may proceed to collect by levy without
regard to the 30-day period or the due date.
If collection of tax on personal property or manufactured homes is in jeopardy because of
removal from the county or other reasons before the time that the taxes are calculated for the
property for the current tax year, the county auditor shall immediately determine the amount of tax
by applying the latest available levy rate and market value and shall notify the county treasurer
of the amount of tax in jeopardy. The county treasurer may levy and seize the property without
regard to prior notice or due date.
The notice required under this subdivision must be sent to the taxpayer's last known address
and must include a brief statement that states in simple and nontechnical terms:
(1) the administrative appeals available to the taxpayer with respect to the levy and sale; and
(2) the alternatives available to the taxpayer that can prevent a levy, including an installment
payment agreement under section 277.23.
    Subd. 3. Manner of execution and sale. In making the execution of the levy and in
collecting the taxes due in a manner consistent with the provisions of this chapter, the county
treasurer has all of the powers in chapter 550, and the powers given to the commissioner of
revenue in sections 270C.68, 270C.69, and 270C.70, for purposes of effecting an execution
against property in this state. The sale of property levied upon, and the time and manner of
redemption therefrom, must be consistent with authority granted to the commissioner of revenue
to collect state taxes under sections 270C.67 to 270C.72. The seal of the court, subscribed by the
court administrator, as provided in section 550.04, is not required. The levy for collection of taxes
may be made, whether or not a legal action for collection of the taxes has been commenced.
    Subd. 4. Stay of sale. (a) Except for a jeopardy collection under subdivision 2, property shall
not be seized for collection of tax until the time has expired for filing an appeal of the assessment
with the Tax Court under this chapter, or section 273.125 in the case of a manufactured home. If
a jeopardy assessment has been made, the owner may file an appeal with the Tax Court within
30 days after the notice of assessment is issued by the county. The notice shall advise the owner
of the right of appeal. If a timely appeal has been filed, no sale may be made unless the taxes
remain unpaid for a period of more than 30 days after final determination of the appeal by the Tax
Court or by the appropriate judicial forum.
(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), seized property may be sold if:
(1) the taxpayer consents in writing to the sale; or
(2) the county treasurer determines that the property is perishable or may become greatly
reduced in price or value by keeping, or that the property cannot be kept without great expense.
    Subd. 5. Probate proceedings. If a levy has been made to collect taxes under this section
and the property seized is properly included in a formal proceeding commenced under sections
524.3-401 to 524.3-505 and maintained under full supervision of the court, the property may not
be sold until the probate proceedings are completed or until the court so orders.
    Subd. 6. Bond or security to release a seizure. The property seized must be returned to the
owner if the owner gives a surety bond equal to the appraised value of the owner's interest in the
property, or deposits with the county treasurer security in a form and amount that is necessary to
ensure payment of the liability, but not more than twice the liability.
    Subd. 7. Injunction. Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary, if a levy or sale
under this section would irreparably injure rights in property that the court determines to be
superior to rights of the taxing districts in the property, the district court may grant an injunction
to prohibit the enforcement of the levy or to prohibit a sale.
    Subd. 8. Personal liability. A person who fails or refuses to surrender without reasonable
cause any property or rights to property subject to levy, upon demand by the county treasurer, is
personally liable to the treasurer in an amount equal to the value of the property or rights not so
surrendered, but not exceeding the amount of taxes for the collection of which the levy has been
made. Any amount recovered under this subdivision must be credited against the tax liability for
the collection of which the levy was made.
    Subd. 9. Penalty. In addition to the personal liability imposed by subdivision 8, if a person
required to surrender property or rights to property fails or refuses to surrender the property or
rights to property without reasonable cause, the person is liable for a penalty equal to 25 percent
of the amount recoverable under subdivision 8. No part of the penalty may be credited against
the tax liability for the collection of which the levy was made.
    Subd. 10. Person defined. The term "person" as used in subdivision 8 includes an officer or
employee of a corporation or a member or employee of a partnership who, as an officer, employee,
or member is under a duty to surrender the property or rights to property or to discharge the
obligation. The county attorney shall take appropriate action against any person who has failed
to comply with subdivision 8 or 9.
    Subd. 11. Optional remedy. An action taken by the county treasurer under this section does
not constitute an election to pursue a remedy to the exclusion of any other remedy.
    Subd. 12. Equitable relief. Upon the seizure of property of a person, that person may, upon
giving 48-hours notice to the county treasurer and to the court, bring a claim for equitable relief
before the district court for the release of the property to the taxpayer upon terms and conditions
the court considers equitable.
    Subd. 13. Levy and sale by sheriff. If a tax collectible under this chapter is not paid as
provided in subdivision 1 or 2, the county treasurer may, within the time prescribed for collection
in subdivision 1, delegate authority by issuing a warrant to the sheriff of a county in the state of
Minnesota directing the sheriff as the county treasurer's agent to levy on and sell the real and
personal property of the person liable for the payment of the tax and to return the warrant and pay
to the county treasurer the money collected within 120 days from the date of the warrant.
The sheriff shall proceed under authority of the warrant to levy on and seize any property and
rights to property in the county belonging to the person liable for the payment of the tax, except
that the right to levy and seizure does not extend to property that is exempt from execution under
sections 550.37, 550.38, and 550.39, but manufactured homes otherwise exempt under section
550.37, subdivision 12, are subject to levy under this section. The sheriff shall sell so much of the
property levied on as is necessary to satisfy the amount of the warrant and the sheriff's costs.
Sales procedures, and the time and manner of redemption from them, must be consistent
with the procedures in sections 270C.7101 to 270C.7109 for warrants issued by the commissioner
of revenue. The sale proceeds, less the sheriff's costs, must be turned over to the county treasurer
who issued the warrant. The proceeds must be applied as provided in section 270C.7108.
    Subd. 14. Priority of levy. Notwithstanding section 52.12, a levy by the county treasurer
made under this section on a taxpayer's funds on deposit in a financial institution located in this
state, has priority over an unexercised right of setoff of the financial institution to apply the levied
funds toward the balance of an outstanding loan or loans owed by the taxpayer to the financial
institution. A claim by the financial institution that it exercised its right to setoff before the levy
must be substantiated by evidence of the date of the setoff, and must be verified by the sworn
statement of a responsible corporate officer of the financial institution. Furthermore, for purposes
of determining the priority of a levy made under this section, the levy must be treated as if it
were an execution made under chapter 550.
    Subd. 15. Effect of honoring levy. A person in possession of, or obligated with respect
to, property or rights to property subject to levy on which a levy has been made who, upon
demand by the county treasurer or agent, surrenders the property or rights to property, or pays a
liability under subdivision 8, must be discharged from any obligation or liability to the person
liable for the payment or collection of the delinquent tax with respect to the property or rights
to property so surrendered or paid.
    Subd. 16. Notice of levy. Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, the notice of a levy
authorized by this section may be served by mail or by delivery by an employee or agent of
the county treasurer.
History: 1991 c 291 art 15 s 5; 1994 c 465 art 2 s 1; 1995 c 189 s 8; 1996 c 277 s 1;
1997 c 31 art 3 s 12; 2005 c 151 art 2 s 17