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SF 2445

as introduced - 92nd Legislature (2021 - 2022) Posted on 04/21/2021 08:39am

KEY: stricken = removed, old language.
underscored = added, new language.

Current Version - as introduced

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A bill for an act
relating to public safety; expanding the right to use deadly force during declared
states of emergency; amending Minnesota Statutes 2020, section 609.065; proposing
coding for new law in Minnesota Statutes, chapter 609.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA:

Section 1.

Minnesota Statutes 2020, section 609.065, is amended to read:


609.065 JUSTIFIABLE TAKING OF LIFE.

new text begin Except as provided for in section 609.067, new text end the intentional taking of the life of another
is not authorized by section 609.06, except when necessary in resisting or preventing an
offense which the actor reasonably believes exposes the actor or another to great bodily
harm or death, or preventing the commission of a felony in the actor's place of abode.

Sec. 2.

new text begin [609.067] JUSTIFIABLE TAKING OF LIFE DURING A STATE OF
EMERGENCY.
new text end

new text begin Subdivision 1. new text end

new text begin Definitions. new text end

new text begin (a) For purposes of this section, the terms in this subdivision
have the meanings given them.
new text end

new text begin (b) "Business" means a private place of employment that is operated in a commercial
building.
new text end

new text begin (c) "Court order" means an order for protection issued under section 518B.01, a
restraining order issued under section 609.748, a no contact order issued under section
629.75, or a substantively similar order issued by any court in this state, another state, the
United States, or any subordinate jurisdiction of the United States.
new text end

new text begin (d) "Deadly force" means force used by an individual with the purpose of causing, or
which the individual should reasonably know creates a substantial risk of causing, great
bodily harm or death. The intentional discharge of a firearm by an individual at another
person, or at a vehicle in which another person is believed to be, constitutes deadly force.
A threat to cause great bodily harm or death, by the production of a weapon or otherwise,
constitutes reasonable force and not deadly force when the individual's objective is limited
to creating an expectation that the individual will use deadly force only if authorized by
law.
new text end

new text begin (e) "Dwelling" means a building defined under section 609.556, subdivision 3, an
overnight stopping accommodation of any kind, or a place of abode, that an individual
temporarily or permanently is occupying or intending to occupy as a habitation or home.
A dwelling includes but is not limited to a building or conveyance and that building's or
conveyance's curtilage and any attached or adjacent deck, porch, appurtenance, or other
structure, whether the building or conveyance is used temporarily or permanently for these
purposes, is mobile or immobile, or is a motor vehicle, watercraft, motor home, tent, or the
equivalent.
new text end

new text begin (f) "Good faith" includes honesty in fact in the conduct of the act concerned.
new text end

new text begin (g) "Great bodily harm" has the meaning given in section 609.02, subdivision 8.
new text end

new text begin (h) "Imminent" means the actor infers from all the facts and circumstances that the course
of conduct has commenced.
new text end

new text begin (i) "Substantial bodily harm" has the meaning given in section 609.02, subdivision 7a.
new text end

new text begin (j) "Vehicle" means a conveyance of any type.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 2. new text end

new text begin Circumstances when authorized. new text end

new text begin (a) The use of deadly force by an individual
is justified during a state of emergency declared under either section 12.29 or 12.31 when
the act is undertaken:
new text end

new text begin (1) to resist or prevent the commission of a crime of violence, as that term is defined in
section 624.712, subdivision 5, in the individual's dwelling or a business owned by the
individual; or
new text end

new text begin (2) to resist or prevent what the individual reasonably believes is an offense or attempted
offense that imminently exposes the individual or another person to substantial bodily harm,
great bodily harm, or death.
new text end

new text begin (b) The use of deadly force is not authorized under this section if the individual knows
that the person against whom force is being used is a licensed peace officer from this state,
another state, the United States, or any subordinate jurisdiction of the United States who is
acting lawfully.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 3. new text end

new text begin Degree of force; retreat. new text end

new text begin An individual taking defensive action pursuant to
subdivision 2 may use all force and means, including deadly force, which the individual in
good faith believes is required to succeed in defense. The individual may meet force with
superior force when the individual's objective is defensive, the individual is not required to
retreat, and the individual may continue defensive actions against an assailant until the
danger has ended.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 4. new text end

new text begin Presumptions. new text end

new text begin (a) An individual using deadly force is presumed to possess a
reasonable belief that there exists an imminent threat of substantial bodily harm, great bodily
harm, or death to the individual or another person, if the individual knows or has reason to
know that:
new text end

new text begin (1) the person against whom the defensive action is being taken is unlawfully entering
or attempting to enter by force or by stealth, or has unlawfully entered by force or by stealth
and remains within the dwelling or occupied vehicle of the individual or a business owned
by the individual; or
new text end

new text begin (2) the person against whom the defensive action is being taken is in the process of
removing, or attempting to remove, the individual or another person from the dwelling or
occupied vehicle of the individual or a business owned by the individual.
new text end

new text begin (b) An individual is not entitled to the benefit of the presumption in paragraph (a) if the
individual knows that the person against whom the defensive action is being taken:
new text end

new text begin (1) is a lawful resident of the dwelling or a lawful possessor of the vehicle, or is otherwise
lawfully permitted to enter the dwelling, business, or vehicle; or
new text end

new text begin (2) is a person who has lawful custody of the person being removed from the dwelling,
business, or vehicle or whose removal from the dwelling, business, or vehicle is being
attempted.
new text end

new text begin A person who is prohibited by a court order from contacting another individual or from
entering a dwelling or possessing a vehicle of another individual is not a lawful resident of
that individual's dwelling and is not a lawful possessor of that individual's vehicle.
new text end

new text begin (c) An individual using defensive force is not entitled to the benefit of the presumption
in paragraph (a) if the individual is presently engaged in a crime or attempting to escape
from the scene of a crime, or is presently using the dwelling or occupied vehicle in
furtherance of a crime.
new text end

new text begin (d) An individual is not entitled to the benefit of the presumption in paragraph (a) if the
individual knows or has reason to know that the person against whom the defensive action
is being taken is a licensed peace officer from this state, another state, the United States, or
any subordinate jurisdiction of the United States who is acting lawfully.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 5. new text end

new text begin Criminal investigation; immunity from prosecution. new text end

new text begin (a) An individual who
uses force, including deadly force, according to this section or as otherwise provided by
law in defense of the individual, the individual's dwelling, a business owned by the individual,
or another individual is justified in using such force and is immune from any criminal
prosecution for that act.
new text end

new text begin (b) A law enforcement agency may arrest an individual using force under circumstances
described in this section only after considering any claims or circumstances supporting
self-defense or lawful defense of another individual.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 6. new text end

new text begin Justifiable use of force; burden of proof. new text end

new text begin In a criminal trial, when there is
any evidence of justifiable use of force under this section or section 609.06, the state has
the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant's actions were not
justifiable.
new text end

new text begin Subd. 7. new text end

new text begin Short title. new text end

new text begin This section may be cited as the "Defense of Dwelling, Business,
and Person Act of 2021."
new text end

new text begin EFFECTIVE DATE. new text end

new text begin This section is effective August 1, 2021, and applies to uses of
deadly force occurring on or after that date.
new text end