1.1 	A bill for an act
1.2 	relating to transportation; modifying various requirements governing traffic 
1.3 	regulations related to motor vehicle equipment; modifying motor vehicle 
1.4 	registration sticker requirements; making technical and conforming changes;
1.5 	amending Minnesota Statutes 2024, sections 168.012, subdivisions 1c, 13; 
1.6 	168.0135, subdivision 1; 168.017, subdivision 5; 168.09, subdivision 1; 168.12, 
1.7 	subdivisions 1, 2f, 5; 168.123, subdivision 1; 168.124, subdivision 3; 168.125, 
1.8 	subdivision 1b; 168.127, subdivision 5; 168.15; 168.16; 168.187, subdivision 12; 
1.9 	168.27, subdivision 28; 168.29; 168.31, subdivision 4; 168B.035, subdivision 3; 
1.10 	169.04; 169.045, subdivision 7a; 169.19, subdivision 7; 169.222, subdivision 6; 
1.11 	169.225, subdivision 5; 169.47; 169.541, subdivision 1; 169.55, subdivision 2; 
1.12 	169.57, subdivisions 1, 2; 169.58, subdivision 6; 169.59, subdivision 4; 169.62; 
1.13 	169.64, subdivisions 1, 2, 4a, 6, 10; 169.71, subdivisions 1, 4, 4a, by adding a 
1.14 	subdivision; 169.79, subdivisions 1, 7; 169.999, subdivision 1; proposing coding 
1.15 	for new law in Minnesota Statutes, chapter 169; repealing Minnesota Statutes 
1.16 	2024, sections 168.37, subdivision 3; 169.219; 169.48; 169.49; 169.50, subdivisions 
1.17 	1, 2, 3; 169.55, subdivision 1; 169.56; 169.57, subdivision 3; 169.59, subdivisions 
1.18 	1, 2; 169.61; 169.63; 169.65; 169.66; 169.69; 169.693; 169.71, subdivisions 2, 3; 
1.19 	169.79, subdivision 8; 169.974, subdivision 7; 169.98, subdivision 5.
1.20 	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA:

1.21 	ARTICLE 1
1.22 	TRAFFIC REGULATIONS; MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT

1.23 	Section 1. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.04, is amended to read:
1.24 	169.04 LOCAL AUTHORITY.
1.25 	(a) The provisions of this chapter shall not be deemed to do not prevent local authorities, 
1.26 	with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction, and with the consent of the 
1.27 	commissioner, with respect to state trunk highways, within the corporate limits of a 
1.28 	municipality, or within the limits of a town in a county in this state now having or which 
2.1 	may hereafter have, a population of 500,000 or more, and a land area of not more than 600 
2.2 	square miles, and within the reasonable exercise of the police power from:
2.3 	(1) regulating the standing or parking of vehicles;
2.4 	(2) regulating traffic by means of police officers or traffic-control signals;
2.5 	(3) regulating or prohibiting processions or assemblages on the highways;
2.6 	(4) designating particular highways as one-way roadways and requiring that all vehicles, 
2.7 	except emergency vehicles, when on an emergency run, thereon be moved in one specific 
2.8 	direction;
2.9 	(5) designating any highway as a through highway and requiring that all vehicles stop 
2.10 	before entering or crossing the same, or designating any intersection as a stop intersection, 
2.11 	and requiring all vehicles to stop at one or more entrances to such intersections;
2.12 	(6) restricting the use of highways as authorized in sections 169.80 to 169.88;
2.13 	(7) regulating speed limits through the use of a speed safety camera system implemented 
2.14 	under section 169.147; and
2.15 	(8) regulating traffic control through the use of a red light camera system implemented 
2.16 	under section 169.147; and
2.17 	(9) regulating motor vehicles on the basis of noise.
2.18 	(b) No ordinance or regulation enacted under paragraph (a), clause (4), (5), or (6), shall 
2.19 	be is effective until signs giving notice of such the local traffic regulations are posted upon 
2.20 	and kept posted upon or at the entrance to the highway or part thereof affected as may be 
2.21 	most appropriate.
2.22 	(c) No An ordinance or regulation enacted under paragraph (a), clause (3), or any other 
2.23 	provision of law shall must not prohibit:
2.24 	(1) the use of motorcycles or vehicles utilizing flashing red lights for the purpose of 
2.25 	escorting funeral processions, oversize buildings, heavy equipment, parades or similar 
2.26 	processions or assemblages on the highways; or
2.27 	(2) the use of motorcycles or vehicles that are owned by the funeral home and that utilize 
2.28 	flashing red lights for the purpose of escorting funeral processions.
2.29 	(d) Ordinances or regulations enacted under paragraph (a), clauses (7) and (8), are 
2.30 	effective after August 1, 2025, and before August 1, 2029.

3.1 	Sec. 2. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.47, is amended to read:
3.2 	169.47 UNSAFE EQUIPMENT.
3.3 		Subdivision 1.Misdemeanor; exceptions. (a) It is unlawful and punishable as hereinafter
3.4 	a violation as provided under section 169.89, subdivision 1, for any person to drive or for 
3.5 	the owner to cause or knowingly permit to be driven on any highway any vehicle or 
3.6 	combination of vehicles which is in such unsafe condition as to endanger any person, or 
3.7 	which does not contain those parts or is not at all times equipped with such lamps and other 
3.8 	equipment in proper condition and adjustment as required in this chapter, or which is 
3.9 	equipped in any manner in violation of this chapter, or for any person to do any act forbidden 
3.10 	or fail to perform any act required under this chapter.
3.11 	(b) The provisions of this chapter with respect to equipment on vehicles do not apply to 
3.12 	implements of husbandry, road machinery, or road rollers except as otherwise provided in 
3.13 	this chapter.
3.14 	(c) For purposes of this section, a specialized vehicle resembling a low-slung trailer 
3.15 	having a short bed or platform shall be deemed to be is an implement of husbandry when 
3.16 	such the vehicle is used exclusively to transport implements of husbandry, provided, however, 
3.17 	that no such vehicle shall operate. A person must not operate a vehicle under this paragraph
3.18 	on the highway before sunrise or after sunset unless proper lighting is affixed to the 
3.19 	implement being drawn.

3.20 	Sec. 3. [169.482] VEHICLE LIGHTS.
3.21 		Subdivision 1.Times for vehicle lights; general requirements. (a) Where the term 
3.22 	"when vehicle lights are required," "when lighted lamps on vehicles are required," or a 
3.23 	similar term is used in this chapter, the referenced requirements apply during the following 
3.24 	times:
3.25 	(1) from sunset to sunrise;
3.26 	(2) in weather conditions that impair visibility, including but not limited to rain, snow, 
3.27 	sleet, hail, smoke, and fog; and
3.28 	(3) any other periods in which there is not sufficient light to render persons and vehicles 
3.29 	on the highway clearly discernible at a distance of 500 feet ahead of the vehicle.
3.30 	(b) Where the term "when vehicle lights are required," "when lighted lamps on vehicles 
3.31 	are required," or a similar term is used in this chapter, the referenced requirements include 
3.32 	activating the relevant lamp or light so that it projects a visible light.
4.1 		Subd. 2.Times for vehicle lights; pupil transportation. For a school bus engaged in 
4.2 	pupil transportation, in addition to the periods specified under subdivision 1, vehicle lights 
4.3 	including headlamps and taillamps are required from a half hour before sunrise to a half 
4.4 	hour after sunset. During the period specified under this subdivision, the operator of a school 
4.5 	bus must use the lower beam of a headlamp unless conditions warrant otherwise.
4.6 		Subd. 3.Headlamps. (a) When vehicle lights are required:
4.7 	(1) a motor vehicle must be operated with at least one headlamp on the front of the 
4.8 	vehicle; and
4.9 	(2) a commercial motor vehicle must be operated with at least two headlamps, including 
4.10 	at least one on each side of the front of the vehicle.
4.11 	(b) A motorcycle must be operated with not more than four headlamps on the front of 
4.12 	the vehicle.
4.13 		Subd. 4.Taillamps. When vehicle lights are required:
4.14 	(1) a motor vehicle must be operated with at least one taillamp on the rear of the vehicle;
4.15 	(2) a vehicle combination must be operated with at least one taillamp on the rear of the 
4.16 	last vehicle in the combination; and
4.17 	(3) a commercial motor vehicle, other than a truck-tractor, manufactured or assembled 
4.18 	after January 1, 1960, must be operated with at least two taillamps mounted on the rear and 
4.19 	on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable.
4.20 		Subd. 5.Lamps on other vehicles. (a) This subdivision does not apply to the operator 
4.21 	of a vehicle for which lights or lamp requirements are specifically established under this 
4.22 	chapter, including but not limited to a motor vehicle under subdivision 3 or 4 and a bicycle 
4.23 	under section 169.222, subdivision 6.
4.24 	(b) When vehicle lights are required, a vehicle, including but not limited to an 
4.25 	animal-drawn vehicle, must be operated with:
4.26 	(1) at least one lamp projecting a light to the front of the vehicle; and
4.27 	(2) at least one lamp projecting a light to the rear of the vehicle.
4.28 	(c) A reflector may be used instead of either lamp required under paragraph (b). The 
4.29 	reflector must meet the requirements under subdivision 7, paragraph (b), clause (2).
4.30 		Subd. 6.Auxiliary lights. (a) A motor vehicle may be operated with one or more auxiliary 
4.31 	lights on the front of the vehicle only if:
5.1 	(1) the highest-intensity portion of the beam of light is aimed:
5.2 	(i) directly ahead of the vehicle or to the middle of the vehicle; and
5.3 	(ii) to project below the typical eye level of an oncoming motor vehicle operator at a 
5.4 	distance of 100 feet directly to the front;
5.5 	(2) the beam of light is not so bright as to impede the vision of an oncoming motor 
5.6 	vehicle operator; and
5.7 	(3) the auxiliary light is mounted no more than 42 inches above the ground, except as 
5.8 	provided in paragraphs (b) and (c).
5.9 	(b) A motor vehicle equipped with a snowplow blade on the front that obstructs the 
5.10 	headlamps required under subdivision 3 may be operated with no more than two auxiliary 
5.11 	lights mounted above the height specified under paragraph (a), clause (3). Auxiliary lights 
5.12 	authorized under this paragraph must not be used when a snowplow blade is not mounted 
5.13 	on the vehicle.
5.14 	(c) A motor vehicle may be operated with no more than two auxiliary lights mounted 
5.15 	above the height specified under paragraph (a), clause (3), if the auxiliary lights are 
5.16 	completely covered with an opaque material.
5.17 	(d) For purposes of this subdivision, "auxiliary lights" includes but is not limited to 
5.18 	auxiliary low-beam headlamps, auxiliary driving lamps, spot lamps, and fog lamps.
5.19 		Subd. 7.Reflectors. (a) A motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer sold as new on or after 
5.20 	January 1, 1960, must be operated with at least two reflectors.
5.21 	(b) The reflectors under this subdivision must be:
5.22 	(1) mounted as close as practicable to the outermost edges of the vehicle at a height of 
5.23 	at least 20 inches and no more than 60 inches above the ground; and
5.24 	(2) visible from a distance of 300 to 50 feet, or 500 to 50 feet for a commercial motor 
5.25 	vehicle, directly to the rear of the vehicle at night, as viewed by a motor vehicle that displays 
5.26 	lighted headlamps.
5.27 	(c) The reflectors under this subdivision may be integrated into the taillamp or mounted 
5.28 	separately.
5.29 		Subd. 8.Lower and upper beams. (a) The operator of a motor vehicle who is within 
5.30 	1,000 feet of an oncoming motor vehicle must use the lower beam of a headlamp. The lower 
5.31 	beam and any other lamp or light directed to the front of the vehicle must be aimed so that 
6.1 	the highest-intensity portion of the beam of light projects below the typical eye level of an 
6.2 	oncoming vehicle operator.
6.3 	(b) Except when engaged in the act of overtaking and passing, the operator of a motor 
6.4 	vehicle who follows another vehicle within 200 feet to the rear must not use the upper beam 
6.5 	of a headlamp.
6.6 		Subd. 9.Light standards and measurement. (a) When lighted, the beam of light from 
6.7 	a headlamp, lamp, or light that is required to be directed to the front of a vehicle under 
6.8 	subdivision 3 or 5 must:
6.9 	(1) be aimed in a manner and have sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at 
6.10 	a safe distance in advance of the vehicle at night;
6.11 	(2) be aimed so that the highest-intensity portion is directly ahead of the vehicle or to 
6.12 	the middle of the vehicle; and
6.13 	(3) project a white light visible from a distance of at least 500 feet directly to the front 
6.14 	of the vehicle.
6.15 	(b) When lighted, a taillamp, lamp, or light that is required to be directed to the rear of 
6.16 	a vehicle under subdivision 4 or 5 must project a red light visible from a distance of at least 
6.17 	500 feet directly to the rear of the vehicle.
6.18 	(c) Unless explicitly provided otherwise, a condition or requirement that relates to 
6.19 	visibility and distance of a lighted lamp, a light, or a reflector for a vehicle is measured:
6.20 	(1) on a straight, level, unlighted highway under normal atmospheric conditions; and
6.21 	(2) to the center of the lamp, light, or reflector.
6.22 		Subd. 10.Certain violations; negligence. Notwithstanding section 169.96, a violation 
6.23 	of a vehicle lighting requirement under this chapter that occurs as a result of a condition 
6.24 	specified in subdivision 1, paragraph (a), clause (2), is not negligence per se or prima facie 
6.25 	evidence of negligence.

6.26 	Sec. 4. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.55, subdivision 2, is amended to read:
6.27 		Subd. 2.Implement of husbandry. (a) At the times when lighted lamps on vehicles
6.28 	When vehicle lights are required:
6.29 	(1) every self-propelled implement of husbandry must be equipped with at least one 
6.30 	lamp displaying a white light to the front, and at least one lamp displaying a red light to the 
6.31 	rear;
7.1 	(2) every self-propelled implement of husbandry must also display two red reflectors 
7.2 	visible to the rear;
7.3 	(3) every combination of a self-propelled and towed implement of husbandry must be 
7.4 	equipped with at least one lamp mounted to indicate as nearly as practicable the extreme 
7.5 	left projection of the combination and displaying a white or amber light to the front and a 
7.6 	red or amber light to the rear of the self-propelled implement of husbandry; and
7.7 	(4) the last unit of every combination of implements of husbandry must display two red 
7.8 	reflectors visible to the rear.
7.9 	(b) An implement of husbandry is not subject to the requirements under section 169.482, 
7.10 	subdivisions 4 and 7, if the vehicle:
7.11 	(1) is towed by a motor vehicle at a speed of not more than 30 miles per hour;
7.12 	(2) displays a slow-moving vehicle emblem; and
7.13 	(3) complies with paragraph (a), clause (4).
7.14 	(b) (c) The reflectors under this subdivision must be of the type approved for use upon 
7.15 	commercial vehicles. The reflectors must be:
7.16 	(1) mounted as close as practicable to the extreme edges of the implement of husbandry. 
7.17 	The reflectors must be; and
7.18 	(2) reflex reflectors that are visible at night from all distances within 600 feet to 100 feet 
7.19 	when directly in front of lawful lower beams of headlamps.

7.20 	Sec. 5. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.57, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
7.21 		Subdivision 1.Stoplights Stop lamps. (a) Any vehicle may be equipped and when 
7.22 	required under this chapter, shall be equipped with at least two stop lamps on the rear which 
7.23 	shall emit a red or yellow light and which shall be actuated upon application of the service 
7.24 	(foot) brake and which may, but need not be, incorporated with the tail lamps and which 
7.25 	shall be plainly visible and understandable from a distance of 100 feet to the rear during 
7.26 	normal sunlight and at night.
7.27 	(a) A motor vehicle must be operated with at least one stop lamp on the rear.
7.28 	(b) A stop lamp under this subdivision must:
7.29 	(1) activate upon application of the service (foot) brake; and
7.30 	(2) when activated, emit a red or yellow light that is visible from a distance of at least 
7.31 	100 feet directly to the rear of the vehicle in both normal sunlight and at night.
8.1 	(c) A stop lamp under this subdivision may be integrated into the taillamp or mounted 
8.2 	separately.
8.3 	(b) No person shall (d) A person must not sell or offer for sale or operate on the highways
8.4 	any motor vehicle registered in this state and manufactured or assembled after January 1, 
8.5 	1960, unless it is equipped with (1) at least two stop lamps meeting the requirements of this 
8.6 	subdivision, except that, or (2) for a motorcycle, motor-driven cycle motorized bicycle, or 
8.7 	truck-tractor manufactured or assembled after said date shall be equipped with, at least one 
8.8 	stop lamp meeting the requirements of this subdivision.

8.9 	Sec. 6. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.57, subdivision 2, is amended to read:
8.10 		Subd. 2.Turn signal. (a) Any vehicle may be equipped, and when required under this 
8.11 	chapter shall be equipped, with a lamp or lamps or mechanical signal device of such color 
8.12 	as may be approved by the commissioner of public safety and capable of clearly indicating 
8.13 	any intention to turn either to the right or to the left and shall be visible and understandable 
8.14 	during both daytime and nighttime from a distance of 100 feet both to the front and rear.
8.15 	(a) When activated, a turn signal equipped on a vehicle must:
8.16 	(1) be capable of clearly indicating an intention of the vehicle operator to turn either to 
8.17 	the right or to the left; and
8.18 	(2) emit a light that is visible from a distance of at least 100 feet directly to the front and 
8.19 	to the rear of the vehicle in both normal sunlight and at night.
8.20 	(b) It is unlawful for any person to sell or offer for sale any new motor vehicle, excepting 
8.21 	motorcycles, motor scooters, and bicycles with motor attached, unless it is equipped with 
8.22 	turn signals meeting the requirements of this chapter, except for a motorcycle or motorized 
8.23 	bicycle.

8.24 	Sec. 7. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.64, subdivision 2, is amended to read:
8.25 		Subd. 2.Colored light. (a) Unless otherwise authorized by the commissioner of public 
8.26 	safety, no vehicle shall be equipped, nor shall any person drive a person must not operate
8.27 	or move any vehicle or equipment upon any highway with any lamp or device displaying 
8.28 	a red light or any colored light other than those required or permitted in this chapter.
8.29 	(b) A vehicle manufactured for use as an emergency vehicle may display and use colored 
8.30 	lights that are not otherwise required or permitted in this chapter, provided that if the vehicle 
8.31 	is owned and operated according to as provided under section 168.10, is owned and operated 
8.32 	solely as a collector's item and not for general transportation purposes, and is registered 
9.1 	under section 168.10, subdivision 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1g, or 1h. A person may not activate the 
9.2 	colored lights authorized under this paragraph on streets or highways except as part of a 
9.3 	parade or other special event.

9.4 	Sec. 8. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.71, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
9.5 		Subdivision 1.Prohibitions generally; exceptions General visibility. (a) A person 
9.6 	shall not drive or operate any motor vehicle with:
9.7 	(1) a windshield cracked or discolored to an extent to limit or obstruct proper vision;
9.8 	(2) any objects suspended between the driver and the windshield, other than:
9.9 	(i) sun visors;
9.10 	(ii) rearview mirrors;
9.11 	(iii) driver feedback and safety monitoring equipment when mounted immediately behind, 
9.12 	slightly above, or slightly below the rearview mirror;
9.13 	(iv) global positioning systems or navigation systems when mounted or located near the 
9.14 	bottommost portion of the windshield;
9.15 	(v) electronic toll collection devices; and
9.16 	(vi) an identifying device as provided in section 169.58, subdivision 5, when the device 
9.17 	is mounted or located near the bottommost portion of the windshield; or
9.18 	(3) any sign, poster, or other nontransparent material upon the front windshield, 
9.19 	sidewings, or side or rear windows of the vehicle, other than a certificate or other paper 
9.20 	required to be so displayed by law or authorized by the state director of the Division of 
9.21 	Emergency Management or the commissioner of public safety.
9.22 	(b) Paragraph (a), clauses (2) and (3), do not apply to law enforcement vehicles.
9.23 	(c) Paragraph (a), clause (2), does not apply to authorized emergency vehicles.
9.24 	(a) A person must not operate a motor vehicle in which:
9.25 	(1) the windshield is in an unsafe condition that poses a danger of injury to vehicle 
9.26 	occupants;
9.27 	(2) the operator's clear view through the windshield, or a side window on either side of 
9.28 	the driver's seat, is materially obstructed or substantially reduced in a manner that poses a 
9.29 	hazard to safe operation; or
10.1 	(3) nontransparent material is affixed to a side window or rear window, except for a law 
10.2 	enforcement vehicle or as otherwise authorized by law.
10.3 	(b) For purposes of this subdivision, safe operation under paragraph (a), clause (2), 
10.4 	includes but is not limited to the operator's ability to readily identify the roadway, official 
10.5 	traffic-control devices, vehicles in motion or a part of traffic, stopped or parked vehicles, 
10.6 	and vulnerable road users.

10.7 	Sec. 9. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.71, is amended by adding a subdivision to 
10.8 	read:
10.9 		Subd. 2a.Windshield wipers. (a) The operator of a motor vehicle must use windshield 
10.10 	wipers when precipitation or other substance is on the outside of the windshield in a manner 
10.11 	that materially obstructs or substantially reduces the operator's clear view through the 
10.12 	windshield.
10.13 	(b) For purposes of paragraph (a), each windshield wiper:
10.14 	(1) constituted into the vehicle design by the manufacturer must operate; and
10.15 	(2) must be in reasonable working condition.

10.16 	Sec. 10. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.71, subdivision 4, is amended to read:
10.17 		Subd. 4.Glazing material; prohibitions. A person must not drive or operate any motor 
10.18 	vehicle required to be registered in the state of Minnesota upon any street or highway under 
10.19 	the following conditions if:
10.20 	(1) when the windshield is composed of, covered by, or treated with any material which
10.21 	that has the effect of making the windshield more reflective or in any other way reducing 
10.22 	light transmittance through the windshield;
10.23 	(2) when any window on the vehicle is composed of, covered by, or treated with any 
10.24 	material that has a highly reflective or mirrored appearance; or
10.25 	(3) when any side window or rear window on either side of the driver's seat is composed 
10.26 	of or treated with any material so as to obstruct that:
10.27 	(i) materially obstructs or substantially reduce reduces the driver's clear view through 
10.28 	the window or;
10.29 	(ii) has a light transmittance of less than 50 percent plus or minus three percent in the 
10.30 	visible light range; or
11.1 	(iii) has a luminous reflectance of more than 20 percent plus or minus three percent; or.
11.2 	(4) when any material has been applied after August 1, 1985, to any motor vehicle 
11.3 	window without an accompanying permanent marking which indicates the percent of 
11.4 	transmittance and the percent of reflectance afforded by the material. The marking must be 
11.5 	in a manner so as not to obscure vision and be readable when installed on the vehicle.

11.6 	Sec. 11. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.71, subdivision 4a, is amended to read:
11.7 		Subd. 4a.Glazing material; exceptions. (a) Subdivision 4 does not apply to glazing 
11.8 	materials that:
11.9 	(1) have not been modified since the original installation, nor to original replacement 
11.10 	windows and windshields, that were originally installed or replaced in conformity with 
11.11 	Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 205; or
11.12 	(2) are required to satisfy prescription or medical needs, provided:
11.13 	(i) the vehicle's driver or a passenger possesses a prescription or a physician's statement 
11.14 	of medical need;
11.15 	(ii) the prescription or statement specifically states the minimum percentage that light 
11.16 	transmittance may be reduced to satisfy the prescription or medical needs of the patient; 
11.17 	and
11.18 	(iii) the prescription or statement contains an expiration date, which must be no more 
11.19 	than two years after the date the prescription or statement was issued; or.
11.20 	(3) (b) The requirements under subdivision 4, clause (3), do not apply to glazing materials 
11.21 	that are applied to:
11.22 	(i) the rear windows of a pickup truck as defined in section 168.002, subdivision 26;
11.23 	(ii) the rear windows or the side windows on either side behind the driver's seat of a van 
11.24 	as defined in section 168.002, subdivision 40;
11.25 	(iii) the side and rear windows of:
11.26 	(1) a vehicle used to transport human remains by a funeral establishment holding a 
11.27 	license under section 149A.50;
11.28 	(iv) the side and rear windows of (2) a limousine as defined in section 168.002, 
11.29 	subdivision 15; or
11.30 	(v) the rear and side windows of (3) a police vehicle.
12.1 	(b) (c) For the purposes of paragraph (a), clause (2), a driver of a vehicle may rely on a 
12.2 	prescription or physician's statement of medical need issued to a person not present in the 
12.3 	vehicle if:
12.4 	(1) the prescription or physician's statement of medical need is issued to (i) the driver's 
12.5 	parent, child, grandparent, grandchild, sibling, or spouse, or (ii) a person for whom the 
12.6 	driver is a personal care attendant;
12.7 	(2) the prescription or physician's statement of medical need specifies the make, model, 
12.8 	and license plate of one or two vehicles that will have tinted windows; and
12.9 	(3) the driver is in possession of the prescription or physician's statement of medical 
12.10 	need.

12.11 	Sec. 12. REPEALER.
 12.12 	(a) Minnesota Statutes 2024, sections 169.48; 169.49; 169.50, subdivisions 1 and 3; 
12.13 	169.55, subdivision 1; 169.56; 169.61; 169.63; and 169.71, subdivisions 2 and 3, are repealed.
12.14 	(b) Minnesota Statutes 2024, sections 169.219; 169.50, subdivision 2; 169.57, subdivision 
12.15 	3; 169.59, subdivisions 1 and 2; 169.65; 169.66; 169.69; 169.693; 169.974, subdivision 7; 
12.16 	and 169.98, subdivision 5, are repealed.

12.17 	ARTICLE 2
12.18 	MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION AND LICENSE PLATES

12.19 	Section 1. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.09, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
12.20 		Subdivision 1.Registration required. No trailer or motor vehicle, except as is exempted 
12.21 	by section 168.012, may be used or operated upon the public streets or highways of the state 
12.22 	in any calendar year until it is registered as provided in this section, and the motor vehicle
12.23 	registration tax and all other fees as provided in this chapter are paid, and the number plates 
12.24 	issued for the trailer or motor vehicle are displayed on it. No trailer or motor vehicle, except 
12.25 	as provided by section 168.012, which for any reason is not subject to taxation as provided 
12.26 	in this chapter, may be used or operated upon the public streets or highways of this state 
12.27 	until it is registered as provided in this section and displays number plates as required by 
12.28 	this chapter, except that the purchaser of a new trailer or motor vehicle may operate it 
12.29 	without plates if the permit authorized by section 168.091 or 168.092 is displayed.

13.1 	Sec. 2. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.12, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
13.2 		Subdivision 1.Plates; design, visibility, periods of issuance. (a) The commissioner, 
13.3 	upon approval and payment, must issue to the applicant the plates required by this chapter, 
13.4 	bearing the state name and an assigned vehicle registration number. The number assigned 
13.5 	by the commissioner may be a combination of a letter or sign with figures. The color of the 
13.6 	plates and the color of the abbreviation of the state name and the number assigned must be 
13.7 	in marked contrast. The plates must be lettered, spaced, or distinguished to suitably indicate 
13.8 	the registration of the vehicle according to the rules of the commissioner.
13.9 	(b) When a vehicle is registered on the basis of total gross weight, the plates issued must 
13.10 	clearly indicate by letters or other suitable insignia the maximum gross weight for which 
13.11 	the tax has been paid.
13.12 	(c) Plates issued to a noncommercial vehicle must bear the inscription "noncommercial" 
13.13 	unless the vehicle is displaying a special plate authorized and issued under this chapter.
13.14 	(d) A one-ton pickup truck that is used for commercial purposes and is subject to section 
13.15 	168.185, is eligible to display special plates as authorized and issued under this chapter.
13.16 	(e) The plates must be so treated as to be at least 100 times brighter than the conventional 
13.17 	painted number license plates. When properly mounted on an unlighted vehicle, the plates, 
13.18 	when viewed from a vehicle equipped with standard headlights, must be visible for a distance 
13.19 	of not less than 1,500 feet and readable for a distance of not less than 110 feet.
13.20 	(f) The commissioner must issue plates for the following periods:
13.21 	(1) New plates issued pursuant to section 168.012, subdivision 1, must be issued to a 
13.22 	vehicle for as long as the vehicle is owned by the exempt agency and the plate is not 
13.23 	transferable from one vehicle to another but the plate may be transferred with the vehicle 
13.24 	from one tax-exempt agency to another.
13.25 	(2) Plates issued for passenger automobiles must be issued for a seven-year period. All 
13.26 	plates issued under this paragraph must be replaced if they are seven years old or older at 
13.27 	the time of registration renewal or will become so during the registration period.
13.28 	(3) Plates issued under sections 168.053 and 168.27, subdivisions 16 and 17, must be 
13.29 	for a seven-year period.
13.30 	(4) Plates issued under subdivisions 2c and 2d and sections 168.123, 168.1235, and 
13.31 	168.1255 must be issued for the life of the veteran under section 169.79.
14.1 	(5) Plates for any vehicle not specified in clauses (1) to (3) must be issued for the life 
14.2 	of the vehicle.
14.3 	(g) In a year in which plates are not issued, the commissioner must issue for each 
14.4 	registration a sticker to designate the year of registration. This sticker must show the year 
14.5 	or years for which the sticker is issued, and is valid only for that period. The plates and 
14.6 	stickers issued for a vehicle may not be transferred to another vehicle during the registration
14.7 	period for which the sticker is plates are issued, except when issued for a vehicle registered 
14.8 	under section 168.187.
14.9 	(h) Despite any other provision of this subdivision, plates issued to a vehicle used for 
14.10 	behind-the-wheel instruction in a driver education course in a public school may be 
14.11 	transferred to another vehicle used for the same purpose without payment of any additional 
14.12 	fee. The public school must notify the commissioner of each transfer of plates under this 
14.13 	paragraph. The commissioner may prescribe a format for notification.
14.14 	(i) In lieu of plates required under this section, the commissioner must issue a registration 
14.15 	number identical to the federally issued tail number assigned to a roadable aircraft.

14.16 	Sec. 3. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.79, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
14.17 		Subdivision 1.Registration Plates required. No person shall operate, drive, or park a 
14.18 	motor vehicle on any highway unless the vehicle is registered in accordance with the laws 
14.19 	of this state and has the number plates or permit confirming that valid registration or operating 
14.20 	authority has been obtained, except as provided in sections 168.10 and 168.12, subdivision 
14.21 	2f, as assigned to it by the commissioner of public safety, conspicuously displayed thereon 
14.22 	in a manner that the view of any plate or permit is not obstructed.
14.23 	(a) A person must not operate or park a motor vehicle, or use a trailer, on a highway 
14.24 	unless the vehicle displays the license plates issued by the commissioner of public safety 
14.25 	or as otherwise provided under sections 168.10 and 168.12, subdivision 2f. A person may 
14.26 	operate the vehicle without plates if a permit is displayed as provided under section 168.09, 
14.27 	subdivision 7, 168.091, or 168.092.
14.28 	(b) A plate issued under section 168.27or a permit issued under chapter 168 may be 
14.29 	displayed on a vehicle in conjunction with that has expired registration, whether or not it
14.30 	the vehicle displays the license plate to which issued in conjunction with the last registration 
14.31 	was issued.
15.1 	(c) Unless specifically established otherwise, a validation sticker that indicates the date 
15.2 	of expiration of vehicle registration is not required but may be affixed or displayed on a 
15.3 	license plate at the discretion of the vehicle owner.

15.4 	Sec. 4. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.79, subdivision 7, is amended to read:
15.5 		Subd. 7.Plate fastened and visible. All plates (a) A license plate must be:
15.6 	(1) securely fastened so as to prevent them from swinging,;
15.7 	(2) displayed horizontally, or as provided under subdivision 3, with the identifying 
15.8 	numbers and letters facing outward from the vehicle, and;
15.9 	(3) mounted in the upright position; and
15.10 	(4) conspicuously displayed in a manner so that the view of the plate is not obstructed.
15.11 	(b) The person driving the operator of a motor vehicle shall must keep the each license
15.12 	plate legible and unobstructed and free from grease, dust, or other blurring material so that 
15.13 	the lettering is plainly visible at all times. It is unlawful to cover any assigned letters and 
15.14 	numbers or the name of the state of origin of a license plate with any material whatever, 
15.15 	including any clear or colorless material that affects the plate's visibility or reflectivity.

15.16 	Sec. 5. REPEALER.
 15.17 	Minnesota Statutes 2024, sections 168.37, subdivision 3; and 169.79, subdivision 8, are 
15.18 	repealed.

15.19 	ARTICLE 3
15.20 	TRAFFIC REGULATIONS; CONFORMING CHANGES

15.21 	Section 1. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.045, subdivision 7a, is amended to read:
15.22 		Subd. 7a.Required equipment on mini trucks. Notwithstanding sections 169.48
15.23 	169.482to 169.68, or any other law, a mini truck may be operated under permit on designated 
15.24 	roadways if it is equipped with:
15.25 	(1) at least two headlamps;
15.26 	(2) at least two taillamps;
15.27 	(3) front and rear turn-signal lamps;
15.28 	(4) an exterior mirror mounted on the driver's side of the vehicle and either (i) an exterior 
15.29 	mirror mounted on the passenger's side of the vehicle or (ii) an interior mirror;
16.1 	(5) a windshield;
16.2 	(6) a seat belt for the driver and front passenger; and
16.3 	(7) a parking brake.

16.4 	Sec. 2. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.19, subdivision 7, is amended to read:
16.5 		Subd. 7.Signaling methods. The signals herein required shall under this section must
16.6 	be given either by means of the hand and arm or by a signal lamp or signal device of a type 
16.7 	approved by the commissioner of public safety, but the appropriate stop lamp or turn signal 
16.8 	as provided under section 169.57. When a vehicle is so constructed or loaded that a hand 
16.9 	and arm signal would not be visible in normal sunlight, and at night both to the front and 
16.10 	rear of such the vehicle, then the signals must be given by such a lamp or device the stop 
16.11 	lamp or turn signal.

16.12 	Sec. 3. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.222, subdivision 6, is amended to read:
16.13 		Subd. 6.Bicycle equipment. (a) No person shall operate a bicycle at nighttime unless 
16.14 	the bicycle or its operator is equipped with (1) a lamp which emits a white light visible from 
16.15 	a distance of at least 500 feet to the front; and (2) a red reflector of a type approved by the 
16.16 	Department of Public Safety which is visible from all distances from 100 feet to 600 feet 
16.17 	to the rear when directly in front of lawful lower beams of headlamps on a motor vehicle. 
16.18 	A bicycle equipped with lamps that are visible from a distance of at least 500 feet from both 
16.19 	the front and the rear is deemed to fully comply with this paragraph.
16.20 	(b) No person may operate a bicycle at any time when there is not sufficient light to 
16.21 	render persons and vehicles on the highway clearly discernible at a distance of 500 feet 
16.22 	ahead unless the bicycle or its operator is equipped with reflective surfaces that shall be 
16.23 	visible during the hours of darkness from 600 feet when viewed in front of lawful lower 
16.24 	beams of headlamps on a motor vehicle. The reflective surfaces shall include reflective 
16.25 	materials on each side of each pedal to indicate their presence from the front or the rear and 
16.26 	with a minimum of 20 square inches of reflective material on each side of the bicycle or its 
16.27 	operator. Any bicycle equipped with side reflectors as required by regulations for new 
16.28 	bicycles prescribed by the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission shall be 
16.29 	considered to meet the requirements for side reflectorization contained in this subdivision.
16.30 	(c) A bicycle may be equipped with a front lamp that emits a white flashing signal, or 
16.31 	a rear lamp that emits a red flashing signal, or both.
17.1 	(d) A bicycle may be equipped with tires having studs, spikes, or other protuberances 
17.2 	designed to increase traction.
17.3 	(e) No person shall operate a bicycle unless it is equipped with a rear brake or front and 
17.4 	rear brakes which will enable the operator to make a braked wheel skid on dry, level, clean 
17.5 	pavement. A bicycle equipped with a direct or fixed gear that can make the rear wheel skid 
17.6 	on dry, level, clean pavement shall be deemed to fully comply with this paragraph.
17.7 	(f) A bicycle may be equipped with a horn or bell designed to alert motor vehicles, other 
17.8 	bicycles, and pedestrians of the bicycle's presence.
17.9 	(g) No person shall operate upon a highway any two-wheeled bicycle equipped with 
17.10 	handlebars so raised that the operator must elevate the hands above the level of the shoulders 
17.11 	in order to grasp the normal steering grip area.
17.12 	(h) No person shall operate upon a highway any bicycle which is of such a size as to 
17.13 	prevent the operator from stopping the bicycle, supporting it with at least one foot on the 
17.14 	highway surface and restarting in a safe manner.

17.15 	Sec. 4. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.225, subdivision 5, is amended to read:
17.16 		Subd. 5.Required lighting equipment. When vehicle lights are required as provided 
17.17 	under section 169.482, subdivision 1, a motorized foot scooter must be equipped operated
17.18 	with a headlight and a taillight that comply with standards established by the commissioner 
17.19 	of public safety if the vehicle is operated under conditions when vehicle lights are required 
17.20 	by law.

17.21 	Sec. 5. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.541, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
17.22 		Subdivision 1.Exemption. Sections 84.87, 84.928, 86B.511, and 169.48 to 169.65
17.23 	169.482 to 169.64, relating to lighting of vehicles and watercraft, do not apply to a licensed 
17.24 	peace officer, as defined in section 626.84, subdivision 1, paragraph (c), while operating a 
17.25 	motor vehicle or watercraft owned, leased, or otherwise the property of the state or a political 
17.26 	subdivision, in the performance of the officer's law enforcement duties if the officer's conduct 
17.27 	is reasonable and is consistent with the standards adopted under subdivision 2, and if the 
17.28 	officer reasonably believes that operating the vehicle without lights is necessary under the 
17.29 	circumstances to investigate a criminal violation or suspected criminal violation of state 
17.30 	laws, rules, or orders or local laws, ordinances, or regulations.

18.1 	Sec. 6. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.58, subdivision 6, is amended to read:
18.2 		Subd. 6.Animal-drawn vehicles. (a) An animal-drawn vehicle must be equipped with 
18.3 	an identification lamp or lamps that indicate the vehicle's presence and are visible from a 
18.4 	distance of at least 500 feet from both the front and the rear. The lighting requirement under 
18.5 	this subdivision may be met using a lamp powered by energy generated from the vehicle's 
18.6 	movement.
18.7 	(b) This subdivision does not apply to an animal-drawn vehicle that: (1) operates 
18.8 	exclusively between the hours of sunrise and sunset and never during periods of reduced 
18.9 	visibility, inclement weather, or insufficient light when vehicle lights are required as provided 
18.10 	under section 169.482, subdivision 1; or (2) never operates on a public roadway.

18.11 	Sec. 7. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.59, subdivision 4, is amended to read:
18.12 		Subd. 4.Flashing warning hazard light. Any vehicle may be equipped with (a) The 
18.13 	operator of a vehicle may use lamps which may be used for the purpose of warning the 
18.14 	operators of other vehicles of the presence of a vehicular traffic hazard requiring the exercise 
18.15 	of unusual care in approaching, overtaking, or passing, and when so equipped may display 
18.16 	such. A lamp authorized under this subdivision may display a warning in addition to any 
18.17 	other warning signals required by provided under this section or section 169.50, subdivision 
18.18 	1 or 3 169.482, subdivision 4, 6, or 7; 169.56, subdivision 1, 2, 3, or 4;169.57, subdivision 
18.19 	1; or 169.64, subdivision 3.
18.20 	(b) The lamps used to display such warnings a warning to the front shall must be mounted 
18.21 	at the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and shall must display 
18.22 	simultaneous flashing white or amber lights, or any shade of color between white and amber. 
18.23 	The lamps used to display such warnings a warning to the rear shall must be mounted at 
18.24 	the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable, and shall must show 
18.25 	simultaneously flashing amber or red lights, or any shade of color between amber and red. 
18.26 	Instead of a pair of lamps that flash simultaneously, either one or two strobe lights or rotating 
18.27 	beacon lights with an amber or yellow lens may be used both to the front and rear of the 
18.28 	vehicle. These warning lights shall must be visible from a distance of not less than 500 feet 
18.29 	under normal atmospheric conditions at night.

19.1 	Sec. 8. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.62, is amended to read:
19.2 	169.62 CERTAIN LIGHTS PERMITTED ON OLD MOTOR VEHICLES.
19.3 	(a) Headlamps arranged to provide a single distribution of light not supplemented by 
19.4 	auxiliary driving lamps shall be lights are permitted on motor vehicles manufactured and 
19.5 	sold prior to January 1, 1938, in lieu of multiple-beam road-lighting equipment herein 
19.6 	specified if the single distribution of light complies with the following requirements and 
19.7 	limitations: under this section.
19.8 	(a) (b) The headlamps shall must be so aimed that when the vehicle is fully loaded none 
19.9 	of the high-intensity portion of the lamp beam rises above a horizontal plane passing through 
19.10 	the headlamp centers parallel to the level surface upon which the vehicle stands, and in no 
19.11 	case higher than 42 inches above the level on which the vehicle stands at a distance of 75 
19.12 	and more feet ahead.
19.13 	(b) (c) The intensity shall must be sufficient to reveal persons and vehicles at a distance 
19.14 	of at least 200 feet.

19.15 	Sec. 9. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.64, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
19.16 		Subdivision 1.Bright light. Any lighted lamp or illuminating device upon a motor 
19.17 	vehicle, other than a headlamp, a spot lamp, or an auxiliary driving lamp as provided under 
19.18 	section 169.482, subdivisions 3, 5, and 6, which that projects a beam of light of an intensity 
19.19 	greater than 300-candle power, shall must be so directed that no part of the beam will strike 
19.20 	the level of the roadway on which the vehicle stands at a distance of more than 75 feet from 
19.21 	the vehicle.

19.22 	Sec. 10. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.64, subdivision 4a, is amended to read:
19.23 		Subd. 4a.White light. (a) It is unlawful to project a white light at the rear of a vehicle 
19.24 	while traveling on any street or highway, except:
19.25 	(1) for a vehicle moving in reverse;
19.26 	(2) for a school bus equipped with a supplemental warning system under section 
19.27 	169.4503, subdivision 31;
19.28 	(3) for a strobe lamp as provided under subdivision 8;
19.29 	(4) as required for license plate illumination under section 169.50, subdivision 2;
19.30 	(5) (4) as provided in section 169.59, subdivision 4; and
20.1 	(6) (5) as otherwise provided in this subdivision.
20.2 	(b) A lighting device mounted on top of a vehicle engaged in deliveries to residences 
20.3 	may project a white light to the rear if the sign projects one or more additional colors to the 
20.4 	rear.
20.5 	(c) An authorized emergency vehicle may display an oscillating, alternating, or rotating 
20.6 	white light used in connection with an oscillating, alternating, or rotating red light when 
20.7 	responding to emergency calls.

20.8 	Sec. 11. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.64, subdivision 6, is amended to read:
20.9 		Subd. 6.Flashing amber light. (a) Any service vehicle may be equipped with a flashing 
20.10 	amber lamp of a type approved by the commissioner of public safety.
20.11 	(b) The operator of a service vehicle shall must not display the lighted lamp authorized 
20.12 	under paragraph (a) when traveling upon the highway or at any other time except at the 
20.13 	scene of a disabled vehicle or while engaged in snow removal or road maintenance.
20.14 	(c) The operator of a self-propelled implement of husbandry may display the lighted 
20.15 	lamp authorized under paragraph (a) at any time.

20.16 	Sec. 12. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.64, subdivision 10, is amended to read:
20.17 		Subd. 10.Cover for lamp or reflector. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b), it is 
20.18 	prohibited for any person to:
20.19 	(1) equip a motor vehicle with any equipment or material that covers a headlamp, tail 
20.20 	lamp taillamp, or reflector that is required under this chapter; or
20.21 	(2) operate a motor vehicle fitted with or otherwise having equipment or material that 
20.22 	covers a headlamp, tail lamp taillamp, or reflector that is required under this chapter.
20.23 	(b) Paragraph (a) does not apply to:
20.24 	(1) any manufacturer's original equipment or material;
20.25 	(2) any equipment or material that is clear and colorless; or
20.26 	(3) the covering for auxiliary lights required under section 169.56 169.482, subdivision 
20.27 	6.

21.1 	Sec. 13. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 169.999, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
21.2 		Subdivision 1.Authority. (a) Except for peace officers employed by the state patrol, 
21.3 	prior to a peace officer issuing an administrative citation under this section, the governing 
21.4 	body for the local unit of government that employs the peace officer must pass a resolution 
21.5 	that:
21.6 	(1) authorizes issuance of administrative citations;
21.7 	(2) obligates the local unit of government to provide a neutral third party to hear and 
21.8 	rule on challenges to administrative citations; and
21.9 	(3) bars peace officers from issuing administrative citations in violation of this section.
21.10 	(b) A peace officer may issue an administrative citation to a vehicle operator who:
21.11 	(1) violates section 169.14, and the violation consists of a speed under ten miles per 
21.12 	hour in excess of the lawful speed limit;
21.13 	(2) fails to obey a stop line in violation of section 169.30; or
21.14 	(3) operates a vehicle that is in violation of sections 169.46 to 169.68 and 169.69 169.70
21.15 	to 169.75.
21.16 	(c) The authority to issue an administrative citation is exclusively limited to those offenses 
21.17 	listed in this subdivision.
21.18 	(d) A peace officer who issues an administrative citation for the infraction of speeding 
21.19 	under ten miles per hour over the speed limit must use the actual speed a violator's vehicle 
21.20 	was traveling at the time of the infraction and may not reduce the recorded speed for purposes 
21.21 	of qualifying the offense for an administrative citation. An administrative citation issued 
21.22 	for speeding must list the actual speed the vehicle was traveling at the time of the infraction.
21.23 	(e) A local unit of government shall notify the commissioner of public safety after it 
21.24 	passes a resolution described in paragraph (a).

21.25 	ARTICLE 4
21.26 	MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION; CONFORMING CHANGES

21.27 	Section 1. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.012, subdivision 1c, is amended to read:
21.28 		Subd. 1c.Payment of administrative, plate, and filing fee. The annual administrative 
21.29 	fee for a tax-exempt vehicle under this section is $5. The license plate fee for a tax-exempt 
21.30 	vehicle, except a trailer, is $10 for two plates per vehicle, payable only on the first tax-exempt 
21.31 	registration of the vehicle. The registration period for a tax-exempt vehicle is biennial. The 
22.1 	administrative fee is due on March 1 biennially and payable the preceding January 1, with 
22.2 	validating stickers issued at time of payment. Replacement plates are subject to the fees in 
22.3 	section 168.12.

22.4 	Sec. 2. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.012, subdivision 13, is amended to read:
22.5 		Subd. 13.Vehicles registered by certain veterans. (a) A passenger automobile, one-ton 
22.6 	pickup truck, motorcycle, or recreational vehicle registered by a veteran with a total 
22.7 	service-connected disability, as defined in section 171.01, subdivision 51, is not subject to:
22.8 	(1) registration taxes under this chapter;
22.9 	(2) administrative fees imposed under subdivision 1c;
22.10 	(3) filing fees and surcharges imposed under section 168.33, subdivision 7; or
22.11 	(4) plate and validation sticker fees imposed under this chapter, including but not limited 
22.12 	to:
22.13 	(i) fees under section 168.12, subdivision 5;
22.14 	(ii) fees identified in any section authorizing special plates; and
22.15 	(iii) transfer fees.
22.16 	(b) The exemptions under this subdivision apply to a motor vehicle that is jointly 
22.17 	registered by a qualifying veteran and a spouse or domestic partner.
22.18 	(c) The fees identified under paragraph (a), clause (4), do not include:
22.19 	(1) a fee for personalized plates under section 168.12, subdivision 2a; or
22.20 	(2) a required contribution or donation for a special plate, including but not limited to 
22.21 	a contribution under sections 168.1255, subdivision 1, clause (6); 168.1258, subdivision 1, 
22.22 	clause (4); 168.1259, subdivision 2, paragraph (a), clause (5); 168.1287, subdivision 1, 
22.23 	clause (5); 168.129, subdivision 1, clause (5); 168.1295, subdivision 1, paragraph (a), clause 
22.24 	(5); 168.1296, subdivision 1, paragraph (a), clause (5); and 168.1299, subdivision 1, clause 
22.25 	(3).
22.26 	(d) A qualifying veteran may register no more than two motor vehicles at the same time 
22.27 	with the exemptions under this subdivision. Nothing in this paragraph prevents registration 
22.28 	of additional motor vehicles as otherwise provided in this chapter.

23.1 	Sec. 3. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.0135, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
23.2 		Subdivision 1.Authorization. (a) The commissioner, in consultation with deputy 
23.3 	registrars, must establish a process to implement, locate, and install self-service kiosks that 
23.4 	may be used for passenger vehicle and motorcycle registration renewals. The commissioner 
23.5 	must establish reasonable performance, security, technical, and financial standards to approve 
23.6 	a vendor. Self-service kiosks authorized by this section must:
23.7 	(1) allow a customer to renew a passenger vehicle or motorcycle registration pursuant 
23.8 	to section 168.013 without assistance of a deputy registrar;
23.9 	(2) collect the appropriate annual contribution for a special license plate;
23.10 	(3) process requests for duplicate license plates, except that the self-service kiosk must 
23.11 	not process any request for a special plate that requires documentation to prove eligibility 
23.12 	to receive that type of plate; and
23.13 	(4) dispense license plate registration renewal stickers to the applicant at the time of the 
23.14 	application; and
23.15 	(5) (4) display the contact phone number and email address of the deputy registrar's 
23.16 	office that is responsible for the self-service kiosk.
23.17 	(b) This section only applies to deputy registrars appointed pursuant to section 168.33, 
23.18 	subdivision 2.

23.19 	Sec. 4. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.017, subdivision 5, is amended to read:
23.20 		Subd. 5.Registration period extension for leased vehicle. (a) Notwithstanding 
23.21 	subdivisions 3 and 4, a person leasing for at least one year a vehicle registered under this 
23.22 	section may obtain an extension of the motor vehicle's registration period for the unexpired 
23.23 	portion of the lease period, for a period not to exceed 11 months beyond the expiration of 
23.24 	the registration period.
23.25 	(b) In order to obtain an extension under this subdivision a lessee must:
23.26 	(1) apply to the registrar on a form the registrar prescribes;
23.27 	(2) submit to the registrar a copy of the lease;
23.28 	(3) pay an administrative fee of $5; and
23.29 	(4) pay a tax of 1/12 of the tax for the registration period being extended for each month 
23.30 	of the extension.
24.1 	(c) On an applicant's compliance with paragraph (b) the registrar shall issue the applicant 
24.2 	a license plate tab or sticker designating the new month of expiration of the registration.,
24.3 	the extended registration expires on the tenth day of the month following the month
24.4 	designated on the tab or sticker month of expiration.
24.5 	(d) All fees collected under paragraph (b), clause (3), must be deposited in the driver 
24.6 	and vehicle services operating account under section 299A.705, subdivision 1. Taxes 
24.7 	collected under paragraph (b), clause (4), must be deposited in the highway user tax 
24.8 	distribution fund.

24.9 	Sec. 5. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.12, subdivision 2f, is amended to read:
24.10 		Subd. 2f.Original license plates. (a) On application of the owner and in lieu of issuing 
24.11 	plates under subdivision 1 to a motor vehicle registered and taxed as a passenger automobile, 
24.12 	the commissioner may assign to the motor vehicle original Minnesota registration plates 
24.13 	issued in the same year as the model year of the motor vehicle, if (1) the original plates are 
24.14 	at least 20 years old, (2) the owner of the motor vehicle has the original plates in possession 
24.15 	at the time of the application, and (3) the owner provides the plate number to the 
24.16 	commissioner.
24.17 	(b) Plates displayed under this subdivision, including stickers applied to the plates, must 
24.18 	be clearly legible and must be displayed on the motor vehicle.
24.19 	(c) The commissioner shall must not assign the registration number on the original plates 
24.20 	to the motor vehicle if the commissioner determines that the number on the original plate 
24.21 	is identical to the number on any plate in the current or reserved numbering system used 
24.22 	by the commissioner.
24.23 	(d) Despite subdivision 1, an original plate whose number has been assigned under this 
24.24 	subdivision may be displayed for as long as the plates, including tabs and stickers on the 
24.25 	plates, are clearly legible and the number is not subsequently used by the commissioner as 
24.26 	a plate number in a registration numbering system.
24.27 	(e) Despite subdivision 1, original plates assigned under this subdivision need not bear 
24.28 	a tab or sticker to indicate the month or year of registration if the motor vehicle carries the 
24.29 	registration certificate issued under section 168.11 at all times when the motor vehicle is 
24.30 	operated on the public highways.
24.31 	(f) (e) The commissioner may charge a fee for receiving an application and assigning 
24.32 	original plate numbers.

25.1 	Sec. 6. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.12, subdivision 5, is amended to read:
25.2 		Subd. 5.Additional fee. (a) In addition to any fee otherwise authorized or any tax 
25.3 	otherwise imposed upon any vehicle, the payment of which is required as a condition to the 
25.4 	issuance of any plate or plates, the commissioner shall impose the fee specified in paragraph 
25.5 	(b) that is calculated to cover the cost of manufacturing and issuing the plate or plates, 
25.6 	except for plates issued to disabled veterans as defined in section 168.031 and plates issued 
25.7 	pursuant to section 168.124, 168.125, or 168.27, subdivisions 16 and 17, for passenger 
25.8 	automobiles. The commissioner shall issue graphic design plates only for vehicles registered 
25.9 	pursuant to section 168.017 and recreational vehicles registered pursuant to section 168.013, 
25.10 	subdivision 1g.
25.11 	(b) Unless otherwise specified or exempted by statute, the following plate and validation
25.12 	sticker fees apply for the original, duplicate, or replacement issuance of a plate in a plate 
25.13 	year:

25.14	License Plate
			Single
		Double
	
25.15		Regular and Disability
		$
	13.50
	$
	15.50
	
25.16		Special
		$
	13.50
	$
	15.50
	
25.17		Personalized (Replacement)
		$
	13.50
	$
	15.50
	
25.18		Collector Category
		$
	13.50
	$
	15.50
	
25.19		Emergency Vehicle Display
		$
	3.00
	$
	6.00
	
25.20		Utility Trailer Self-Adhesive
		$
	2.50
			
25.21		Vertical Motorcycle Plate
		$
	100.00
		NA
	
25.22		Replacement Dealer Plates
		$
	5.25
			
25.23		Replacement Tax Exempt Plates
		$
	5.25
			
25.24	Stickers
						
25.25		Original or Duplicate year
		$
	1.50
	$
	1.50
	
25.26		International Fuel Tax Agreement
		$
	2.50
			
25.27 	(c) For vehicles that require two of the categories in paragraph (b), the registrar shall 
25.28 	only charge the higher of the two fees and not a combined total.

25.29 	Sec. 7. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.123, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
25.30 		Subdivision 1.General requirements; fees. (a) On payment of a fee in the amount 
25.31 	specified for special plates under section 168.12, subdivision 5, for each set of two plates, 
25.32 	or for a single plate in the case of a motorcycle plate, payment of the registration tax required 
25.33 	by law, and compliance with other applicable laws relating to vehicle registration and 
25.34 	licensing, as applicable, the commissioner shall issue:
26.1 	(1) special veteran's plates to an applicant who served in the active military service in a 
26.2 	branch of the armed forces of the United States or of a nation or society allied with the 
26.3 	United States in conducting a foreign war, was discharged under honorable conditions, and 
26.4 	is a registered owner of a passenger automobile, recreational motor vehicle, or one-ton 
26.5 	pickup truck, but which is not a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section 169.011, 
26.6 	subdivision 16; or
26.7 	(2) a veteran's special motorcycle plate as described in subdivision 2, paragraph (a), (e), 
26.8 	(f), (h), (i), (j), or (m), or another special plate designed by the commissioner to an applicant 
26.9 	who is a registered owner of a motorcycle and meets the criteria listed in this paragraph and 
26.10 	in subdivision 2, paragraph (a), (e), (f), (h), (i), (j), or (m). Plates issued under this clause 
26.11 	must be the same size as regular motorcycle plates. Special motorcycle license plates issued 
26.12 	under this clause are not subject to section 168.1293.
26.13 	(b) The additional fee is payable for each set of veteran's plates, is payable only when 
26.14 	the plates are issued, and is not payable in a year in which stickers are issued instead of 
26.15 	plates.
26.16 	(c) The veteran must have a certified copy of the veteran's discharge papers, indicating 
26.17 	character of discharge, at the time of application. If an applicant served in the active military 
26.18 	service in a branch of the armed forces of a nation or society allied with the United States 
26.19 	in conducting a foreign war and is unable to obtain a record of that service and discharge 
26.20 	status, the commissioner of veterans affairs may certify the applicant as qualified for the 
26.21 	veterans' plates provided under this section.

26.22 	Sec. 8. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.124, subdivision 3, is amended to read:
26.23 		Subd. 3.No fee. The commissioner shall must issue a set of Medal of Honor plates to 
26.24 	qualified applicants free of charge and the plates must be replaced without charge if they 
26.25 	become damaged. In addition, no fee may be charged for a subsequent year when stickers 
26.26 	are issued for a motor vehicle listed in subdivision 1 on which the Medal of Honor plates 
26.27 	are placed. The motor vehicle must be for personal use, not commercial purposes.

26.28 	Sec. 9. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.125, subdivision 1b, is amended to read:
26.29 		Subd. 1b.No fee. The commissioner shall must issue a set of EX-POW plates, or a single 
26.30 	plate for a motorcycle, to qualified applicants, free of charge, and shall must replace them 
26.31 	without charge if they become damaged. In addition, no fee may be charged for a subsequent 
26.32 	year when stickers are issued for that motor vehicle on which the EX-POW plates are placed.

27.1 	Sec. 10. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.127, subdivision 5, is amended to read:
27.2 		Subd. 5.Renewal of fleet registration. On the renewal of a fleet registration, the 
27.3 	registrant must pay full licensing fees for every vehicle registered in the preceding year 
27.4 	unless the vehicle has been properly deleted from the fleet. In order to delete a vehicle from 
27.5 	a fleet, the fleet registrant must surrender to the commissioner the registration card and 
27.6 	license plates. The commissioner may authorize alternative methods of deleting vehicles 
27.7 	from a fleet, including destruction of the license plates and registration cards. If the card or 
27.8 	license plates are lost or stolen, the fleet registrant must submit a sworn statement stating 
27.9 	the circumstances for the inability to surrender the card, stickers, and license plates. A fleet 
27.10 	registrant who fails to renew the licenses issued under this section or fails to report the 
27.11 	removal of vehicles from the fleet within 30 days of the vehicles' removal must pay a penalty 
27.12 	of 20 percent of the total tax due on the fleet. The penalty must be paid within 30 days after 
27.13 	it is assessed.

27.14 	Sec. 11. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.15, is amended to read:
27.15 	168.15 RIGHTS AS TO REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE AND PLATES.
27.16 		Subdivision 1.Transfer of ownership. (a) Upon the transfer of ownership, destruction, 
27.17 	theft, dismantling, or permanent removal by the owner from this state of any vehicle 
27.18 	registered in accordance with this chapter, the right of the owner of the vehicle to use the 
27.19 	registration certificate and plates assigned to the vehicle expires.
27.20 	(b) When the ownership of a vehicle is transferred to another person required to register 
27.21 	the vehicle in this state, the transferor shall must assign the registration tax paid to the credit 
27.22 	of the transferee unless the registration stickers license plates are surrendered to the 
27.23 	commissioner before the first day of the new registration period.
27.24 	(c) When seeking to become the owner by gift, trade, or purchase of any vehicle for 
27.25 	which a registration certificate has been issued under this chapter, a person shall must join 
27.26 	with the registered owner in transmitting with the application for transfer of ownership, the 
27.27 	registration certificate, with the assignment and notice of sale duly executed.
27.28 	(d) In case of loss of the title or certificate of registration of a vehicle not subject to 
27.29 	section 325E.15, the person shall must make application to the commissioner with proof of 
27.30 	loss of the title as specified in section 168A.09 and assign a notice of sale of the vehicle on 
27.31 	the application for title as specified in section 168A.04.
27.32 	(e) Upon the transfer of any vehicle by a manufacturer or dealer, for use within the state, 
27.33 	whether by sale, lease, or otherwise, the transferor shall must, within ten days after the 
28.1 	transfer, file with the commissioner (1) a notice containing the date of transfer, a description 
28.2 	of the vehicle, and the transferee's name and residence address in the state or if not a natural 
28.3 	person then the transferee's business and mailing address, and (2) the transferee's application 
28.4 	for registration.

28.5 	Sec. 12. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.16, is amended to read:
28.6 	168.16 REGISTRATION TAX REFUND; APPROPRIATION.
28.7 	(a) After the registration tax upon any vehicle has been paid for any registration period, 
28.8 	refund must be made for errors made in computing the registration tax or fees and for the 
28.9 	error on the part of an owner who may in error have registered a vehicle that was not before, 
28.10 	nor at the time of registration, nor at any time thereafter during the preceding registration 
28.11 	period, subject to registration tax in this state as provided by section 168.012.
28.12 	(b) Unless otherwise provided in this chapter, a claim for a refund of an overpayment 
28.13 	of registration tax must be filed within 3-1/2 years from the date of payment.
28.14 	(c) The former registered owner of a transferred vehicle, by an assignment in writing 
28.15 	endorsed upon the registration certificate and delivered to the commissioner within the time 
28.16 	provided in this subdivision, shall must assign, except for vehicles registered under section 
28.17 	168.187, to the new owner the right to have the tax paid by the former registered owner 
28.18 	accredited to the new owner who duly registers the vehicle unless the registration stickers
28.19 	license plates are surrendered to the commissioner before the first day of the new registration 
28.20 	period.
28.21 	(d) Any owner is entitled to a refund of the unused portion of the registration tax paid 
28.22 	on the owner's vehicle upon filing a claim, verified by the commissioner, if the vehicle is:
28.23 	(1) declared by an insurance company to be permanently destroyed due to accident, fire, 
28.24 	or an Act of God as defined in section 115B.02; or
28.25 	(2) sold to the federal government, the state, or a political subdivision of the state.
28.26 	(e) The refund must be equal to the sum of the remaining registration tax attributable 
28.27 	for the registration period after the month in which the plates and certificate of registration 
28.28 	or title were returned to the commissioner.
28.29 	(f) There is hereby appropriated to the persons entitled to a refund, from the fund or 
28.30 	account in the state treasury to which the money was credited, an amount sufficient to make 
28.31 	the refund and payment.

29.1 	Sec. 13. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.187, subdivision 12, is amended to read:
29.2 		Subd. 12.Registration of proratable vehicles. (a) The commissioner of public safety 
29.3 	shall must register proratable vehicles of a fleet upon application and payment of registration 
29.4 	fees as provided in subdivision 11. Payment of an additional fee for each vehicle so registered 
29.5 	may be required by the commissioner in an amount not to exceed $5 per motor powered 
29.6 	vehicle, for issuance of a plate, sticker, or other suitable identification for each vehicle. A 
29.7 	registration card shall must be issued for each vehicle registered, which shall that
29.8 	appropriately identify identifies the vehicle for which it is issued. Such The registration 
29.9 	card shall must be carried in or upon the vehicle for which it has been issued, at all times, 
29.10 	except that the registration cards for all vehicles in a combination of vehicles may be carried 
29.11 	in or upon the vehicle supplying the motive power.
29.12 	(b) Fleet vehicles registered as provided in paragraph (a) shall be deemed are fully 
29.13 	registered in this state for any type of movement or operation, except that when a state grant 
29.14 	of authority is required for any movement or operation, no such vehicle shall a vehicle must 
29.15 	not be operated in this state unless the owner or operator thereof has been granted authority 
29.16 	or rights therefore by the state and unless said the vehicle is being operated in conformity 
29.17 	with such authority or rights. No registration under this section shall excuse excuses the 
29.18 	owner or operator of any vehicle from compliance with the laws of this state, except those 
29.19 	requiring registration and licensing.

29.20 	Sec. 14. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.27, subdivision 28, is amended to read:
29.21 		Subd. 28.Distribution of plates and stickers. (a) The commissioner may distribute 
29.22 	registration license plates and stickers to be held and issued by new and used motor vehicle 
29.23 	dealers. A dealer may issue registration license plates and stickers only in conjunction with 
29.24 	the sale of a vehicle by the dealer.
29.25 	(b) A dealer permitted to hold and issue registration license plates and stickers must be 
29.26 	equipped with electronic transmission technology and trained in its use. Before receiving 
29.27 	registration license plates and stickers under this subdivision, a dealer must adopt and 
29.28 	implement security and record-keeping requirements satisfactory to the commissioner.
29.29 	(c) The commissioner may revoke the authority granted under this subdivision for any 
29.30 	violation of law or rule governing the issuance of registration license plates and stickers, 
29.31 	any violation of the dealer's security and record-keeping plan, or any other action that in 
29.32 	the commissioner's opinion adversely affects the registration system. The dealer is financially 
29.33 	responsible for the cost and tax value of any unaccounted inventory.

30.1 	Sec. 15. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.29, is amended to read:
30.2 	168.29 REPLACEMENT PLATES.
30.3 	(a) In the event of the defacement, loss, or destruction of any number license plates or 
30.4 	validation stickers, the commissioner must issue a new set of plates, upon receiving and 
30.5 	filing a sworn statement of the vehicle owner, setting forth the circumstances of the 
30.6 	defacement, loss, destruction, or theft of the number plates or validation stickers, together 
30.7 	with any defaced plates or stickers and the payment of a fee calculated to cover the cost of 
30.8 	replacement, must issue a new set of plates or stickers.
30.9 	(b) A licensed motor vehicle dealer may only apply for replacement plates upon 
30.10 	application for a certificate of title in the name of a new owner or the dealer. The 
30.11 	commissioner must issue a new set of plates or validation stickers upon application for title 
30.12 	and registration after removal of plates pursuant to section 168A.11, subdivision 2.
30.13 	(c) Plates issued under this section are subject to section 168.12
30.14 	(d) The commissioner must note on the commissioner's records the issue of new number
30.15 	license plates and must attempt to cancel and call in the original plates so as to insure against 
30.16 	their use on another motor vehicle.
30.17 	(e) Duplicate registration certificates plainly marked as duplicates may be issued in like 
30.18 	cases upon the payment of a $1 fee. Fees collected under this section must be deposited in 
30.19 	the driver and vehicle services operating account under section 299A.705, subdivision 1.

30.20 	Sec. 16. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168.31, subdivision 4, is amended to read:
30.21 		Subd. 4.Installments; registration generally. (a) If the tax for a vehicle assessed under 
30.22 	section 168.013, subdivision 1c, 1d, 1e, or 1g, amounts to more than $400, the owner may 
30.23 	pay the tax by installments.
30.24 	(b) The owner shall tender with the application for registration one-third of the annual 
30.25 	tax due or $400, whichever is greater, plus any penalties or arrears, plus a fee of $10. Instead 
30.26 	of this fee, the applicant may furnish a bond, bank letter of credit, or certificate of deposit 
30.27 	approved by the registrar of motor vehicles, for the total of the tax still due. The amount of 
30.28 	the bond, letter of credit, or certificate of deposit may include any penalties assessed. The 
30.29 	bond, letter of credit, or certificate of deposit must be for the benefit of the state for monetary 
30.30 	loss caused by failure of the vehicle owner to pay delinquent license fees and penalties.
30.31 	(c) The remainder of the tax due must be paid in two equal installments. The due date 
30.32 	of the first installment is July 1, and the second installment is due November 1.
31.1 	(d) When the applicant elects to pay the administrative fee, the registrar shall issue to 
31.2 	the applicant validation stickers indicating the expiration date of a registration. When the 
31.3 	applicant elects to furnish a bond, bank letter, or letter of deposit, the registrar shall issue 
31.4 	regular validation stickers for the registration year.
31.5 	(e) (d) If an owner of a vehicle fails to pay an installment on or before its due date, the 
31.6 	vehicle must not be used on the public streets or highways in this state until the installment 
31.7 	or installments of the tax remaining due on the vehicle have been paid in full for the licensed 
31.8 	year together with a penalty at the rate of $1 per day for the remainder of the month in which 
31.9 	the balance of the tax becomes due and $4 a month for each succeeding month or fraction 
31.10 	of a month during which the balance of the tax remains unpaid. Upon the payment of the 
31.11 	balance of the tax and the penalties, the registrar shall issue a registration certificate to the 
31.12 	owner of the vehicle in the manner provided by law. The registrar shall deny installment 
31.13 	payment privileges provided in this subdivision in the subsequent year to any owner on any 
31.14 	or all vehicles of the owner who during the current year fails to pay any installment due 
31.15 	within one month after the due date.

31.16 	Sec. 17. Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 168B.035, subdivision 3, is amended to read:
31.17 		Subd. 3.Towing prohibited. (a) A towing authority may not tow a motor vehicle 
31.18 	because:
31.19 	(1) the vehicle displays registration validation stickers that have has been expired for 
31.20 	less than 90 days;
31.21 	(2) the vehicle is at a parking meter on which the time has expired; or
31.22 	(3) the vehicle is identified in conjunction with a citation to the vehicle owner or lessee 
31.23 	for (i) a violation under section 169.06, subdivision 10, or (ii) a violation under section 
31.24 	169.14, subdivision 13.
31.25 	(b) A towing authority may tow a motor vehicle, notwithstanding paragraph (a), if:
31.26 	(1) the vehicle is parked in violation of snow emergency regulations;
31.27 	(2) the vehicle is parked in a rush-hour restricted parking area;
31.28 	(3) the vehicle is blocking a driveway, alley, or fire hydrant;
31.29 	(4) the vehicle is parked in a bus lane, or at a bus stop, during hours when parking is 
31.30 	prohibited;
31.31 	(5) the vehicle is parked within 30 feet of a stop sign and visually blocking the stop sign;
32.1 	(6) the vehicle is parked in a disability transfer zone or disability parking space without 
32.2 	a disability parking certificate or disability license plates;
32.3 	(7) the vehicle is parked in an area that has been posted for temporary restricted parking 
32.4 	(i) at least 12 hours in advance in a home rule charter or statutory city having a population 
32.5 	under 50,000, or (ii) at least 24 hours in advance in another political subdivision;
32.6 	(8) the vehicle is parked within the right-of-way of a controlled-access highway or within 
32.7 	the traveled portion of a public street when travel is allowed there;
32.8 	(9) the vehicle is unlawfully parked in a zone that is restricted by posted signs to use by 
32.9 	fire, police, public safety, or emergency vehicles;
32.10 	(10) the vehicle is unlawfully parked on property at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International 
32.11 	Airport owned by the Metropolitan Airports Commission;
32.12 	(11) a law enforcement official has probable cause to believe that the vehicle is stolen, 
32.13 	or that the vehicle constitutes or contains evidence of a crime and impoundment is reasonably 
32.14 	necessary to obtain or preserve the evidence;
32.15 	(12) the driver, operator, or person in physical control of the vehicle is taken into custody 
32.16 	and the vehicle is impounded for safekeeping;
32.17 	(13) a law enforcement official has probable cause to believe that the owner, operator, 
32.18 	or person in physical control of the vehicle has failed to respond to five or more citations 
32.19 	for parking or traffic offenses;
32.20 	(14) the vehicle is unlawfully parked in a zone that is restricted by posted signs to use 
32.21 	by taxicabs;
32.22 	(15) the vehicle is unlawfully parked and prevents egress by a lawfully parked vehicle;
32.23 	(16) the vehicle is parked, on a school day during prohibited hours, in a school zone on 
32.24 	a public street where official signs prohibit parking; or
32.25 	(17) the vehicle is a junk, abandoned, or unauthorized vehicle, as defined in section 
32.26 	168B.011, and subject to immediate removal under this chapter.
32.27 	(c) A violation under section 169.06, subdivision 10, or 169.14, subdivision 13, is not 
32.28 	a traffic offense under paragraph (b), clause (13).

	ARTICLE 1	TRAFFIC REGULATIONS; MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT........	Page.Ln 1.21	
	ARTICLE 2	MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION AND LICENSE PLATES........	Page.Ln 12.17	
	ARTICLE 3	TRAFFIC REGULATIONS; CONFORMING CHANGES........	Page.Ln 15.19	
	ARTICLE 4	MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION; CONFORMING CHANGES........	Page.Ln 21.25	

APPENDIX 

Repealed Minnesota Statutes: 25-04415 

168.37 PLATE TABS OR STICKERS; MONTHLY REGISTRATION SYSTEM.Subd. 3.Design. 
The registrar may rearrange the words and figures on plates issued for vehicles under the monthly series system of registration to provide space on the plates for tabs or stickers which the registrar shall issue to indicate the period of registration. 

169.219 PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS.
The commissioner of public safety shall include in the department's series of public service announcements information that educates the public about traffic regulations that are frequently violated, including the requirement for a vehicle driver to stop to yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian in a crosswalk. The commissioner shall distribute these announcements for broadcast in this state on radio and television. 

169.48 VEHICLE LIGHTING.Subdivision 1.Lights to be displayed. 
(a) Every vehicle upon a highway within this state: 

(1) at any time from sunset to sunrise; 

(2) at any time when it is raining, snowing, sleeting, or hailing; and 

(3) at any other time when visibility is impaired by weather, smoke, fog or other conditions or there is not sufficient light to render clearly discernible persons and vehicles on the highway at a distance of 500 feet ahead; 

shall display lighted headlamps, lighted tail lamps, and illuminating devices, as hereinafter, respectively, required for different classes of vehicles, subject to exceptions with respect to parked vehicles and law enforcement vehicles, as hereinafter stated. In addition to the other requirements of this paragraph, every school bus transporting children upon a highway within this state, at any time from a half hour before sunrise to a half hour after sunset, shall display lighted headlamps, lighted tail lamps, and illuminating devices as required by this paragraph, except that the operator shall use the lowermost distribution of light specified in section 169.60 unless conditions warrant otherwise. 

(b) When requirement is hereinafter declared as to the distance from which certain lamps and devices shall render objects visible or within which such lamps or devices shall be visible, these provisions shall apply during the time stated in this section upon a straight level unlighted highway under normal atmospheric conditions unless a different time or condition is expressly stated and unless otherwise specified the location of lamps and devices shall refer to the center of such lamps or devices. Parking lamps shall not be used in lieu of headlamps to satisfy the requirements of this section. 

Subd. 2.Certain violations; negligence. 
Notwithstanding section 169.96, a violation of subdivision 1, paragraph (a), clause (2), is not negligence per se or prima facie evidence of negligence. 

169.49 HEADLAMPS.
(a) Every motor vehicle other than a motorcycle must be equipped with at least two headlamps, including at least one on each side of the front of the motor vehicle. Headlamps must comply with the requirements and limitations set forth in sections 169.47 to 169.66. 

(b) Every motorcycle must be equipped with at least one and not more than four headlamps, which must comply with the requirements and limitations of sections 169.47 to 169.66. 

169.50 REAR LAMPS.Subdivision 1.Requirements; exception. 
(a) Every motor vehicle and every vehicle that is being drawn at the end of a train of vehicles must be equipped with at least one tail lamp, exhibiting a red light plainly visible from a distance of 500 feet to the rear. 

(b) Every motor vehicle, other than a truck-tractor, and every vehicle that is being drawn at the end of a train of vehicles, registered in this state and manufactured or assembled after January 1, 1960, must be equipped with at least two tail lamps mounted on the rear and on the same level and as widely spaced laterally as practicable. When lighted, the tail lamps must comply with the provisions of this section. 

(c) An implement of husbandry being towed by a motor vehicle at a speed of not more than 30 miles per hour, displaying a slow-moving vehicle emblem, and complying with section 169.55, subdivision 2, paragraph (a), clause (4), is not subject to the requirements of this section. 

Subd. 2.License plates. 
Either such rear lamp or separate lamp shall be so constructed and placed as to illuminate with a white light the rear registration plate and render it legible from a distance of 50 feet to the rear. Any rear lamp or rear lamps, together with any separate lamp for illuminating the rear registration plate, shall be so wired as to be lighted whenever the headlamps or auxiliary driving lamps are lighted. 

Subd. 3.Reflectors. 
On and after January 1, 1960, each new motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer, hereafter sold and each such vehicle hereafter operated on a highway, shall carry at the rear either as a part of the rear lamp, or separately, at least two reflectors. The reflectors shall be of a type approved by the commissioner of public safety and shall be mounted as close as is practicable to the extreme edges of the vehicle at a height not more than 60, nor less than 20 inches above the surface upon which the vehicle stands. Each such reflector shall be so designed and maintained as to be visible at night from all distances within 300 to 50 feet from the vehicle, except that on a commercial vehicle the reflectors shall be visible from all distances within 500 to 50 feet from the vehicle, when directly in front of a motor vehicle displaying lawfully lighted headlamps. 

169.55 LIGHTS ON ALL VEHICLES.Subdivision 1.Lights or reflectors required. 
At the times when lighted lamps on vehicles are required each vehicle including an animal-drawn vehicle and any vehicle specifically excepted in sections 169.47 to 169.79, with respect to equipment and not previously required to be equipped with lamps, must be equipped with one or more lighted lamps or lanterns projecting a white light visible from a distance of 500 feet to the front of the vehicle and with a lamp or lantern exhibiting a red light visible from a distance of 500 feet to the rear, except that reflectors meeting the maximum requirements of this chapter may be used in lieu of the lights required in this subdivision. 

169.56 AUXILIARY LIGHTS.Subdivision 1.Spotlight. 
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed two spot lamps and every lighted spot lamp shall be so aimed and used upon approaching another vehicle that no part of the high-intensity portion of the beam will be directed on the road surface to the left of the center of the vehicle, nor more than 100 feet ahead of the vehicle upon which such lamps are mounted. 

Subd. 2.Fog light. 
Any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed two fog lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than 12 inches nor more than 30 inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands and so aimed that when the vehicle is not loaded none of the high-intensity portion of the light to the left of the center of the vehicle shall at a distance of 25 feet ahead project higher than a level of four inches below the level of the center of the lamp from which it comes. Lighted fog lamps meeting the above requirements may be used with lower headlamp beams as specified in section 169.60. 

Subd. 3.Auxiliary low-beam light. 
Except as provided in subdivision 5, any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed two auxiliary low-beam lamps mounted on the front at a height of not less than 24 inches nor more than 42 inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands. The provisions of section 169.60 shall apply to any combination of headlamps and auxiliary low-beam lamps. 

Subd. 4.Auxiliary driving light. 
Except as provided in subdivision 5, any motor vehicle may be equipped with not to exceed two auxiliary driving lamps mounted on the front at a height not less than 16 inches nor more than 42 inches above the level surface upon which the vehicle stands. The provisions of section 169.60 shall apply to any combination of headlamps and auxiliary driving lamps. 

Subd. 5.Exception for light obstructed by snowplow blade. 
(a) The auxiliary lamps permitted in subdivision 3 may be mounted more than 42 inches high on any truck equipped with a snowplow blade that obstructs the required headlights. The lights may not be illuminated when a snowplow blade is not mounted on the vehicle. 

(b) No other vehicle may be operated on a public highway unless the auxiliary lamps permitted in subdivisions 3 and 4 comply with the height requirements or are completely covered with an opaque material. 

Subd. 6.Motorcycle ground light. 
Notwithstanding section 169.64, subdivision 4a, a motorcycle may be equipped with white ground lights mounted under the motorcycle if: 

(1) the bulbs or strips are not visible to operators of other vehicles; and 

(2) the lights are aimed so as to project a steady, nonflashing beam not more than six feet in radius directly onto the roadway and illuminate an area around the motorcycle. 

169.57 VEHICLE SIGNALS.Subd. 3.Maintenance. 
(a) When a vehicle is equipped with stop lamps or signal lamps, the lamps must at all times be maintained in good working condition. 

(b) All mechanical signal devices must be self-illumined when in use at the times when lighted lamps on vehicles are required. 

169.59 WARNING LIGHTS.Subdivision 1.Fender lights. 
Any vehicle may be equipped with not more than two side cowl or fender lamps, one on each side which shall emit a white light without glare. 

Subd. 2.Running board light. 
Any vehicle may be equipped with not more than one running board courtesy lamp on each side thereof, which shall emit a white or yellow light without glare. 

169.61 COMPOSITE BEAM.
(a) When a motor vehicle is being operated on a highway or shoulder adjacent thereto during the times when lighted lamps on vehicles are required in this chapter, the driver shall use a distribution of light, or composite beam, directed high enough and of sufficient intensity to reveal persons and vehicles at a safe distance in advance of the vehicle, subject to the following requirements and limitations. 

(b) When the driver of a vehicle approaches a vehicle within 1,000 feet, such driver shall use a distribution of light, or composite beam, so aimed that the glaring rays are not projected into the eyes of the oncoming driver. 

(c) When the driver of a vehicle follows another vehicle within 200 feet to the rear, except when engaged in the act of overtaking and passing, such driver shall use a distribution of light permissible under this chapter other than the uppermost distribution of light specified in section 169.60. 

169.63 NUMBER OF LAMPS.
(a) At all times when lighted lamps on vehicles are required in this chapter, at least two lighted headlamps shall be displayed, one on each side at the front of every motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle; provided, that under adverse weather conditions two lighted auxiliary lamps, one on each side at the front of the vehicle, may be used in lieu of two lighted headlamps, except when such vehicle is parked subject to the rules governing lights on parked vehicles. 

(b) When a motor vehicle equipped with headlamps, as herein required, is also equipped with any auxiliary lamps, spot lamps or any other lamps on the front thereof projecting a beam of intensity greater than 300-candle power, not more than a total of four of any such lamps on the front of a vehicle shall be lighted at any one time when upon a highway. 

(c) The maximum beam candle power from any combination of lamps used at any time for road lighting shall not exceed that authorized by the commissioner of public safety. 

169.65 SPECIFICATIONS FOR LIGHTING AND OTHER DEVICES.
(a) The commissioner of public safety is hereby authorized and required to adopt and enforce standard specifications as to the amount, color and direction of light to be emitted or reflected by lighting devices and as to the general construction and mounting on the vehicle for compliance with the requirements and limitations of this chapter. 

(b) No person shall have for sale, sell, or offer for sale for use upon or as a part of the equipment of a vehicle, trailer or semitrailer, or use upon any such vehicle, any headlamp, auxiliary driving lamp, rear lamp, signal lamp, spot lamp, clearance lamp, marker lamp or reflector, or parts of any of the foregoing, unless of a type which has been submitted to and approved by the commissioner of public safety. 

(c) No person shall have for sale, sell, or offer for sale for use upon or as a part of the equipment of a vehicle, trailer or semitrailer, or bicycle, or use upon any such vehicle, any lamp or device mentioned in this section, which has been approved by the commissioner of public safety unless such lamp or device bears thereon the trademark or name and model designation all permanently marked under which it is approved so as to be legible when installed. 

(d) No person shall use upon any vehicle, trailer or semitrailer or bicycle any lamps mentioned in this section unless such lamps are equipped with bulbs of a type approved by the commissioner of public safety, having a rated candle power, and are mounted and adjusted as to focus and aim in accordance with instructions of the commissioner of public safety. 

(e) The commissioner of public safety is hereby authorized to approve or disapprove lighting devices. 

(f) The commissioner of public safety is hereby required to approve or disapprove any lighting device, of a type on which approval is specifically required in this chapter, within a reasonable time after such device has been submitted. 

(g) The commissioner of public safety is further authorized to set up a procedure which shall be followed when any device is submitted for approval. 

(h) The commissioner of public safety is authorized to set and collect a reasonable fee for the testing and approval of all types of devices upon which approval is required in this chapter. Such fee may be sufficient in amount to reimburse the Department of Public Safety for all costs connected with such test and approval. 

(i) The commissioner of public safety, upon approving any such lamp or device, shall issue to the applicant a certificate of approval, together with any instructions determined by the commissioner of public safety. 

(j) The commissioner of public safety shall publish lists of all lamps and devices by name and type which have been approved by the commissioner of public safety, together with instructions as to the permissible candlepower rating of the bulbs which the commissioner of public safety has determined for use therein and such other instructions as to adjustment as the commissioner of public safety may deem necessary. No person shall sell for use or use on any vehicle any reconverted lamp or any device redesigned for a use other than for which it was originally approved unless authorized by the commissioner of public safety. 

169.66 HEARING ON SPECIFICATIONS.
(a) With reason to believe that an approved device which is being sold commercially does not comply with the requirements of this chapter, the commissioner of public safety may, after giving 30 days' previous notice to the person holding the certificate of approval for such device in this state, conduct a hearing upon the question of compliance of the approved device. After the hearing the commissioner of public safety shall determine whether the approved device meets the requirements of this chapter. If it does not meet the requirements of this chapter, the commissioner of public safety shall give notice to the person holding the certificate of approval for such device in this state. 

(b) If, at the expiration of 90 days after such notice, the person holding the certificate of approval for such device has failed to satisfy the commissioner of public safety that the approved device as thereafter to be sold meets the requirements of this chapter, the commissioner of public safety shall suspend or revoke the approval issued therefor until or unless such device is resubmitted to and retested by an authorized testing agency and is found to meet the requirements of this chapter, and may require that all such devices sold since the notification following the hearing be replaced with devices that do comply with the requirements of this chapter. The commissioner of public safety may at the time of the retest purchase in the open market and submit to the testing agency one or more sets of such approved devices, and if such device upon such retest fails to meet the requirements of this chapter, the commissioner of public safety may refuse to renew the certificate of approval of such device. 

169.69 MUFFLER.
Every motor vehicle shall at all times be equipped with a muffler in good working order which blends the exhaust noise into the overall vehicle noise and is in constant operation to prevent excessive or unusual noise, and no person shall use a muffler cutout, bypass, or similar device upon a motor vehicle on a street or highway. The exhaust system shall not emit or produce a sharp popping or crackling sound. Every motor vehicle shall at all times be equipped with such parts and equipment so arranged and kept in such state of repair as to prevent carbon monoxide gas from entering the interior of the vehicle. 

No person shall have for sale, sell or offer for sale or use on any motor vehicle any muffler that fails to comply with the specifications as required by the commissioner of public safety. 

169.693 MOTOR VEHICLE NOISE LIMITS.
It is unlawful to operate a motor vehicle in violation of motor vehicle noise rules adopted by the Pollution Control Agency. 

169.71 WINDSHIELD.Subd. 2.Windshield wiper. 
The windshield on every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a device for cleaning rain, snow or other moisture from the windshield, which device shall be so constructed as to be controlled or operated by the driver of the vehicle. 

Subd. 3.Defrosting requirement. 
No person shall drive any motor vehicle with the windshield or front side windows covered with steam or frost to such an extent as to prevent proper vision. 

169.79 VEHICLE REGISTRATION; DISPLAYING LICENSE PLATES.Subd. 8.Plate registration stickers. 
As viewed facing the plates: 

(a) License plates issued to vehicles registered under section 168.017 must display the month of expiration in the lower left corner of each plate and the year of expiration in the lower right corner of each plate. 

(b) License plates issued to vehicles registered under section 168.127 must display either fleet registration validation stickers in the lower right corner of each plate or distinctive license plates, issued by the registrar, with "FLEET REG" displayed on the bottom center portion of each plate. 

(c) License plates issued after July 1, 2008, requiring validation must display the month of expiration in the lower left corner of each plate and the year of expiration in the lower right corner of the plate. 

169.974 OPERATION OF MOTORCYCLE; MOTOR SCOOTER; MOTOR BIKE.Subd. 7.Noise limits. 
After December 31, 1978, noise rules adopted by the Pollution Control Agency for motor vehicles pursuant to section 169.693 shall also apply to motorcycles. 

169.98 POLICE, PATROL, OR SECURITY GUARD VEHICLE.Subd. 5.Vehicle security barrier; exemption. 
Marked State Patrol vehicles are exempt from compliance with any rule requiring a security barrier between the front and rear seats of the vehicle. A State Patrol vehicle shall be equipped with a security barrier at the option of the officer assigned the vehicle.