1.1 	A bill for an act
1.2 	relating to assisted reproduction; modifying certain provisions related to 
1.3 	determinations of paternity and maternity;amending Minnesota Statutes 2012, 
1.4 	sections 257.54; 257.55, subdivision 1; 257.56; proposing coding for new law in 
1.5 	Minnesota Statutes, chapter 257.
1.6 	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA:

1.7 	ARTICLE 1
1.8 	PATERNITY

1.9 	Section 1. Minnesota Statutes 2012, section 257.54, is amended to read:
1.10 	257.54 HOW PARENT AND CHILD RELATIONSHIP ESTABLISHED.
1.11 		Subdivision 1.General. The parent and child relationship between a child and:
1.12 	(a) the biological mother may be established by proof of her having given birth to 
1.13 	the child, or under sections 257.51 to 257.74 or 257.75;
1.14 	(b) the biological father may be established under sections 257.51 to 257.74 or 
1.15 	257.75; or
1.16 	(c) an adoptive parent may be established by proof of adoption.
1.17 		Subd. 2.Application of paternity provisions to maternity determination.
 1.18 	Provisions of sections 257.51 to 257.74 or 257.75 relating to determination of paternity, 
1.19 	including all presumptions and procedures, apply to determinations of maternity.

1.20 	Sec. 2. Minnesota Statutes 2012, section 257.55, subdivision 1, is amended to read:
1.21 		Subdivision 1.Presumption.  A man is presumed to be the biological father of 
1.22 	a child if:
2.1 	(a) he and the child's biological mother are or have been married to each other and 
2.2 	the child is born during the marriage, or within 280 days after the marriage is terminated 
2.3 	by death, annulment, declaration of invalidity, dissolution, or divorce, or after a decree of 
2.4 	legal separation is entered by a court. The presumption in this paragraph does not apply if 
2.5 	the man has joined in a recognition of parentage recognizing another man as the biological 
2.6 	father under section 257.75, subdivision 1a;
2.7 	(b) before the child's birth, he and the child's biological mother have attempted to 
2.8 	marry each other by a marriage solemnized in apparent compliance with law, although the 
2.9 	attempted marriage is or could be declared void, voidable, or otherwise invalid, and:
2.10 	(1) if the attempted marriage could be declared invalid only by a court, the child 
2.11 	is born during the attempted marriage, or within 280 days after its termination by death, 
2.12 	annulment, declaration of invalidity, dissolution or divorce; or
2.13 	(2) if the attempted marriage is invalid without a court order, the child is born within 
2.14 	280 days after the termination of cohabitation;
2.15 	(c) after the child's birth, he and the child's biological mother have married, or 
2.16 	attempted to marry, each other by a marriage solemnized in apparent compliance with 
2.17 	law, although the attempted marriage is or could be declared void, voidable, or otherwise 
2.18 	invalid, and:
2.19 	(1) he has acknowledged his paternity of the child in writing filed with the state 
2.20 	registrar of vital statistics;
2.21 	(2) with his consent, he is named as the child's father on the child's birth record; or
2.22 	(3) he is obligated to support the child under a written voluntary promise or by 
2.23 	court order;
2.24 	(d) while the child is under the age of majority, he receives the child into his home 
2.25 	and openly holds out the child as his biological child;
2.26 	(e) he and the child's biological mother acknowledge his paternity of the child in a 
2.27 	writing signed by both of them under section 257.34 and filed with the state registrar of 
2.28 	vital statistics. If another man is presumed under this paragraph to be the child's father, 
2.29 	acknowledgment may be effected only with the written consent of the presumed father or 
2.30 	after the presumption has been rebutted;
2.31 	(f) he and the child's biological mother have executed a recognition of parentage 
2.32 	in accordance with section 257.75 and another man is presumed to be the father under 
2.33 	this subdivision;
2.34 	(g) he and the child's biological mother have executed a recognition of parentage in 
2.35 	accordance with section 257.75 and another man and the child's mother have executed a 
2.36 	recognition of parentage in accordance with section 257.75; or
3.1 	(h) he and the child's biological mother executed a recognition of parentage in 
3.2 	accordance with section 257.75 when either or both of the signatories were less than 
3.3 	18 years of age.; or
3.4 	(i) the pregnancy was initiated by means other than sexual intercourse and he was 
3.5 	intended at the outset of the process to be the legal parent of any resulting child pursuant 
3.6 	to an express written agreement among all known presumptive parents entered into prior 
3.7 	to the initiation of the pregnancy.

3.8 	Sec. 3. Minnesota Statutes 2012, section 257.56, is amended to read:
3.9 	257.56 ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ASSISTED REPRODUCTION.
3.10 		Subdivision 1.Husband Intended parents treated as biological father parents.
 3.11 	(a) If, a woman undergoing artificial insemination under the supervision of a licensed 
3.12 	physician and with the consent of her husband, a wife the other intended parent, if any, is 
3.13 	inseminated artificially with using semen donated by a man not her husband, the husband
3.14 	 from a donor who is not an intended parent, the other intended parent, if any, is treated in 
3.15 	law as if he were the biological father parent of a child thereby conceived. The husband's 
3.16 	consent must be in writing and signed by him and his wife.
3.17 	(b) The intended parents are treated in law as if they were the biological parents of 
3.18 	a child gestated and delivered if a woman receiving the embryo transfer is under the 
3.19 	supervision of a licensed physician, has the consent of the other intended parent, if any, and:
3.20 	(1) the embryos are created with eggs and sperm donated by persons who are not 
3.21 	the intended parents; or
3.22 	(2) the embryos are created with eggs donated by a woman who is not the intended 
3.23 	parent and the sperm of an intended parent.
3.24 	(c) Intended parents must consent in a record that they intend to become the legal 
3.25 	parents of the resulting child. The consent must be retained by the physician for at least 
3.26 	four years after the confirmation of a pregnancy that occurs during the process of artificial 
3.27 	insemination or embryo transfer.
3.28 	(d) All papers and records pertaining to the insemination or embryo transfer, whether 
3.29 	part of the permanent record of a court or of a file held by the supervising physician or 
3.30 	elsewhere, are subject to inspection only upon an order of the court for good cause shown.
3.31 	(e) For purposes of this section, "intended parent" means a person, married or 
3.32 	unmarried, who enters into a written agreement with all known donors before the date 
3.33 	of the insemination or embryo transfer under which the person will be the legal parent 
3.34 	of the child resulting from the insemination or embryo transfer. In the case of a married 
4.1 	couple, any reference to an intended parent includes both parties to the marriage for all 
4.2 	purposes of sections 257.86 to 257.97, regardless of gender.
4.3 		Subd. 2.Donor not treated as biological father parent. If the donor of semen, 
4.4 	eggs, or embryos provided to a licensed physician for use in artificial insemination of a 
4.5 	married woman other than the donor's wife assisted reproduction is not an intended parent, 
4.6 	the donor is treated in law as if he the donor were not the biological father parent of a child 
4.7 	thereby conceived, gestated, and delivered.
4.8 		Subd. 3.Effect of noncompliance. In the event of noncompliance with any of the 
4.9 	requirements or terms of subdivision 1, a court of competent jurisdiction shall determine 
4.10 	the respective parental rights and obligations of the parties, including intended parents and 
4.11 	donors, based solely on evidence of the parties' original intent.

4.12 	EFFECTIVE DATE. This section is effective the day following final enactment 
4.13 	and applies to any donations made before, on, or after that date.

4.14 	Sec. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE; APPLICATION.
 4.15 	Sections 1 and 2 are effective August 1, 2014, and apply to actions filed on or after 
4.16 	that date.

4.17 	ARTICLE 2
4.18 	GESTATIONAL SURROGACY

4.19 	Section 1. [257.87] DEFINITIONS.
4.20 		Subdivision 1.Scope. The definitions in this section apply to sections 257.87 to 
4.21 	257.99.
4.22 		Subd. 2.Assisted reproduction. "Assisted reproduction" means initiating a 
4.23 	pregnancy under the supervision of a licensed physician by any means other than through 
4.24 	sexual intercourse.
4.25 		Subd. 3.Donor. "Donor" means an individual who is not an intended parent and 
4.26 	who contributes a gamete or gametes for the purpose of in vitro fertilization or transfer 
4.27 	to  another.
4.28 		Subd. 4.Embryo. "Embryo" means a fertilized egg prior to 14 days of development.
4.29 		Subd. 5.Embryo transfer. "Embryo transfer" means all medical and laboratory 
4.30 	procedures that are necessary to effectuate the transfer of an embryo into the uterine cavity.
4.31 		Subd. 6.Fee. "Fee" means payment of any valuable consideration for time, effort, 
4.32 	pain, or health risks in excess of reasonable medical and ancillary costs.
4.33 		Subd. 7.Gamete. "Gamete" means a sperm or an egg.
5.1 		Subd. 8.Gestational surrogate. "Gestational surrogate" means a woman who 
5.2 	agrees to engage in a gestational surrogacy arrangement.
5.3 		Subd. 9.Gestational surrogacy arrangement. "Gestational surrogacy 
5.4 	arrangement" means the process by which a woman attempts to carry and give birth to 
5.5 	a child created through assisted reproduction using the gamete or gametes procured or 
5.6 	provided by at least one of the intended parents.
5.7 		Subd. 10.Gestational surrogacy contract. "Gestational surrogacy contract" means 
5.8 	a written agreement regarding a gestational surrogacy arrangement.
5.9 		Subd. 11.Health care provider. "Health care provider" means a person who is 
5.10 	duly licensed to provide health care, including all medical, psychological, or counseling 
5.11 	professionals.
5.12 		Subd. 12.Intended parent. "Intended parent" means a person who enters into a 
5.13 	gestational surrogacy contract with a gestational surrogate pursuant to which the person 
5.14 	will be the legal parent of the resulting child. In the case of a married couple, any reference 
5.15 	to an intended parent includes both spouses for all purposes of sections 257.87 to 257.99, 
5.16 	regardless of gender. This term includes the intended mothers, intended fathers, or both.
5.17 		Subd. 13.In vitro fertilization. "In vitro fertilization" means all medical and 
5.18 	laboratory procedures that are necessary to effectuate the extracorporeal fertilization 
5.19 	of egg and sperm.
5.20 		Subd. 14.Medical evaluation. "Medical evaluation" means an evaluation by 
5.21 	and consultation with a physician conducted in accordance with the recommended 
5.22 	guidelines published and in effect at the time of the evaluation by the American Society 
5.23 	for Reproductive Medicine and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
5.24 		Subd. 15.Mental health evaluation. "Mental health evaluation" means an 
5.25 	evaluation by and consultation with a mental health professional conducted in accordance 
5.26 	with the recommended guidelines published and in effect at the time of the evaluation 
5.27 	by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and the American College of 
5.28 	Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
5.29 		Subd. 16.Physician. "Physician" means a person licensed to practice medicine.

5.30 	Sec. 2. [257.88] RIGHTS OF PARENTAGE.
5.31 	(a) Except as provided in sections 257.87 to 257.99, the woman who gives birth to a 
5.32 	child is presumed to be the mother of that child for purposes of state law.
5.33 	(b) In the case of a gestational surrogacy arrangement satisfying the requirements 
5.34 	set forth in paragraph (d):
6.1 	(1) the intended parents are the parents of the child for purposes of state law 
6.2 	immediately upon the birth of the child;
6.3 	(2) the child is considered the child of the intended parent or parents for purposes of 
6.4 	state law;
6.5 	(3) parental rights vest in the intended parent or parents;
6.6 	(4) sole custody, care, and control of the child rests solely with the intended parent 
6.7 	or parents immediately upon the birth of the child; and
6.8 	(5) neither the gestational surrogate nor her spouse, if any, is the parent of the child 
6.9 	for purposes of state law immediately upon the birth of the child.
6.10 	(c) In the case of a gestational surrogacy arrangement complying with paragraph (d), 
6.11 	in the event of a laboratory error in which the resulting child is not genetically related to 
6.12 	either of the intended parents, the intended parents are the parents of the child for purposes 
6.13 	of state law unless otherwise determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in an action 
6.14 	brought by one or more of the genetic parents within 60 days of the child's birth.
6.15 	(d) The parties to a gestational surrogacy arrangement assume the rights and 
6.16 	obligations of paragraphs (b) and (c) if:
6.17 	(1) the gestational surrogate satisfies the eligibility requirements in section 257.89, 
6.18 	paragraph (a);
6.19 	(2) the intended parent or parents satisfy the eligibility requirements in section 
6.20 	257.89, paragraph (b); and
6.21 	(3) the gestational surrogacy arrangement occurs pursuant to a gestational surrogacy 
6.22 	contract meeting the requirements in section 257.90.

6.23 	Sec. 3. [257.89] ELIGIBILITY.
6.24 	(a) A gestational surrogate satisfies the requirements of sections 257.87 to 257.99 if 
6.25 	she has met the following requirements at the time the gestational surrogacy contract is 
6.26 	executed:
6.27 	(1) she is at least 21 years of age;
6.28 	(2) she has given birth to at least one child;
6.29 	(3) she has completed a medical evaluation related to the anticipated pregnancy;
6.30 	(4) she has completed a mental health evaluation relating to the anticipated 
6.31 	gestational surrogacy arrangement;
6.32 	(5) she has undergone legal consultation with separate, independent legal counsel 
6.33 	regarding the terms of the gestational surrogacy contract and the potential legal 
6.34 	consequences of the gestational surrogacy arrangements; and
7.1 	(6)(i) she has obtained or obtains prior to the embryo transfer a health insurance 
7.2 	policy that covers major medical treatments and hospitalization and the health insurance 
7.3 	policy has a term that extends throughout the duration of the expected pregnancy and 
7.4 	for eight weeks after the birth of the child, provided, however, that the policy may be 
7.5 	procured by the intended parents on behalf of the gestational surrogate pursuant to the 
7.6 	gestational surrogacy contract; or (ii) the intended parents have self-insured by means of 
7.7 	depositing sufficient funds to pay for all reasonably anticipated medical expenses into an 
7.8 	escrow account with an independent escrow agent prior to the date of the first assisted 
7.9 	reproduction procedure performed to initiate a pregnancy.
7.10 	(b) The intended parent or parents satisfy the requirements of sections 257.87 
7.11 	to 257.99 if the parent or parents have met the following requirements at the time the 
7.12 	gestational surrogacy contract is executed:
7.13 	(1) the parent or parents procure or provide the gametes that will ultimately result in 
7.14 	an embryo that the gestational surrogate will attempt to carry to term;
7.15 	(2) the parent or parents require the services of a gestational surrogate in order to 
7.16 	have a child, as evidenced by a qualified physician's affidavit attached to the gestational 
7.17 	surrogacy contract;
7.18 	(3) the parent or parents have completed a mental health evaluation relating to the 
7.19 	anticipated gestational surrogacy arrangement; and
7.20 	(4) the parent or parents have undergone legal consultation with separate, 
7.21 	independent legal counsel regarding the terms of the gestational surrogacy contract and 
7.22 	the potential legal consequences of the gestational surrogacy arrangement.

7.23 	Sec. 4. [257.90] REQUIREMENTS FOR A GESTATIONAL SURROGACY 
7.24 	CONTRACT.
7.25 	(a) A gestational surrogacy contract is enforceable in Minnesota if:
7.26 	(1) it meets the contractual requirements in paragraph (b); and
7.27 	(2) it contains at least the terms in paragraph (c).
7.28 	(b) A gestational surrogacy contract must meet the following requirements:
7.29 	(1) it must be in writing;
7.30 	(2) it must be executed prior to the commencement of any medical procedures in 
7.31 	furtherance of the gestational surrogacy arrangement, other than medical or mental health 
7.32 	evaluations necessary to determine eligibility of the parties under section 257.89:
7.33 	(i) by a gestational surrogate meeting the eligibility requirements of section 257.89, 
7.34 	paragraph (a), and if married, the gestational surrogate's spouse; and
8.1 	(ii) by the intended parent or parents meeting the eligibility requirements of section 
8.2 	257.89, paragraph (b). In the event an intended parent is married, both spouses must 
8.3 	execute the gestational surrogacy contract;
8.4 	(3) the gestational surrogate and the intended parent or parents must have been 
8.5 	represented by separate, independent legal counsel in all matters concerning the gestational 
8.6 	surrogacy arrangement and the gestational surrogacy contract;
8.7 	(4) the gestational surrogate and the intended parent or parents must have signed 
8.8 	a written acknowledgment of their receipt of information about the legal, financial, and 
8.9 	contractual rights, expectations, penalties, and obligations of the gestational surrogacy 
8.10 	agreement;
8.11 	(5) if the gestational surrogacy contract provides for the payment of a fee to the 
8.12 	gestational surrogate, the fee must have been placed in escrow with an independent 
8.13 	escrow agent prior to the gestational surrogate's commencement of any medical procedure 
8.14 	other than medical or mental health evaluations necessary to determine the gestational 
8.15 	surrogate's eligibility under section 257.89, paragraph (a); and
8.16 	(6) it must be notarized or witnessed by two disinterested and competent adults.
8.17 	(c) A gestational surrogacy contract must provide for:
8.18 	(1) the express written agreement of the gestational carrier to:
8.19 	(i) undergo a procedure for assisted reproduction and attempt to carry and give 
8.20 	birth to the child; and
8.21 	(ii) surrender custody of all resulting children to the intended parent or parents 
8.22 	immediately upon the birth of the children;
8.23 	(2) if the gestational surrogate is married, the express agreement of the gestational 
8.24 	surrogate's spouse to:
8.25 	(i) undertake the obligations imposed on the gestational surrogate pursuant to the 
8.26 	terms of the gestational surrogacy contract; and
8.27 	(ii) surrender custody of all resulting children to the intended parent or parents 
8.28 	immediately upon the birth of the resulting children;
8.29 	(3) the right of the gestational surrogate to use the services of a physician of her 
8.30 	choosing, after consultation with the intended parents, to provide her care during the 
8.31 	pregnancy, subject only to any reasonably negotiated removal or replacement procedures 
8.32 	that the parties included in the terms of the gestational surrogacy contract; and
8.33 	(4) the express written agreement of the intended parent or parents to:
8.34 	(i) accept custody of all resulting children immediately upon the children's birth 
8.35 	regardless of number, gender, or mental or physical condition; and
9.1 	(ii) assume sole responsibility for the support of the child immediately upon the 
9.2 	child's birth.
9.3 	(d) A gestational surrogacy contract is enforceable in Minnesota even though it 
9.4 	contains one or more of the following provisions:
9.5 	(1) the gestational surrogate's agreement to undergo all medical examinations, 
9.6 	treatments, and fetal monitoring procedures that the physician recommends for the success 
9.7 	of the pregnancy;
9.8 	(2) the gestational surrogate's agreement to abstain from any activities that the 
9.9 	intended parent or parents or the physician reasonably believes to be harmful to the 
9.10 	pregnancy and future health of the child, including, without limitation, smoking, drinking 
9.11 	alcohol, using nonprescribed drugs, using prescription drugs not authorized by a physician 
9.12 	aware of the gestational surrogate's pregnancy, exposure to radiation, or any other activities 
9.13 	proscribed by a health care provider, provided that the requirements under this clause must 
9.14 	not actually and unreasonably jeopardize the gestational surrogate's own health;
9.15 	(3) the agreement of the intended parent or parents to pay for or reimburse the 
9.16 	gestational surrogate for reasonable expenses including, without limitation, medical, legal, 
9.17 	or other professional expenses related to the gestational surrogacy arrangement and the 
9.18 	gestational surrogacy contract; and
9.19 	(4)  the agreement of the intended parent or parents to pay the gestational surrogate a 
9.20 	fee for her services in gestating the intended parents' child.

9.21 	Sec. 5. [257.91] DUTY TO SUPPORT.
9.22 	(a) A person considered to be the parent of the child under section 257.88 is 
9.23 	obligated to support the child.
9.24 	(b) A breach of the gestational surrogacy contract by the intended parent or parents 
9.25 	does not relieve the intended parent or parents of the support obligations imposed by 
9.26 	sections 257.87 to 257.99.
9.27 	(c) A gamete donor may be liable for child support only if the donor fails to enter 
9.28 	into a legal agreement in which the donor relinquishes rights to any gametes, resulting 
9.29 	embryos, or children and the intended parent or parents fail to enter into an agreement 
9.30 	in which the intended parent or parents agree to assume all rights and responsibilities 
9.31 	for any resulting children.

9.32 	Sec. 6. [257.92] ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP.
9.33 	(a) For purposes of the Parentage Act, sections 257.51 to 257.74, the parent-child 
9.34 	relationship that arises immediately upon the birth of the child pursuant to section 
10.1 	257.89 is established if, prior to or within three business days after the birth of a child 
10.2 	born through a gestational surrogacy arrangement, the attorneys representing both the 
10.3 	gestational surrogate and the intended parent or parents certify that the parties entered into 
10.4 	the gestational surrogacy contract intended to satisfy the requirements of section 257.90 
10.5 	with respect to the child and deliver those certifications to the delivering hospital and the 
10.6 	Minnesota Department of Health, Office of Vital Records.
10.7 	(b) The attorneys' certifications required by paragraph (a) must establish the parties' 
10.8 	compliance with all of the requirements of the Parentage Act in a manner consistent with 
10.9 	the requirements of the Parentage Act, if any.
10.10 	(c) The attorney certifications required by paragraph (a) are effective for all purposes 
10.11 	if completed prior to or within three business days after the child's birth.
10.12 	(d) Upon compliance with the certification provision of this section, all hospital and 
10.13 	state representatives or employees shall complete all birth records and the original birth 
10.14 	certificate of the child to reflect the intended parent or parents, and only the intended 
10.15 	parent or parents, as the child's parent or parents on the records and certificate.

10.16 	Sec. 7. [257.93] ENTRY OF JUDGMENT OF PARENTAGE.
10.17 	(a) A judgment establishing the intended parent's exclusive legal parentage for all 
10.18 	purposes, including, but not limited to, interstate recognition and enforcement of the 
10.19 	intended parent's legal parentage, must be entered by the court administrator within five 
10.20 	business days after issuance of a court order to that effect or after the following conditions 
10.21 	are met:
10.22 	(1) the attorneys representing both parties have complied with all of the certification 
10.23 	requirements set forth in section 257.92;
10.24 	(2) one of the parties has filed with the court a petition to establish parentage under 
10.25 	the Parentage Act; and
10.26 	(3) after the birth of the child or children born through the gestational surrogacy 
10.27 	arrangement, the attorneys for both parties file with the court administrator copies of their 
10.28 	certifications of compliance as required by section 257.92.
10.29 	(b) A judgment entered and docketed under this subdivision has the same effect and 
10.30 	is subject to the same procedures, defenses, and proceedings as any other judgment in 
10.31 	district court.

10.32 	Sec. 8. [257.94] EFFECT OF GESTATIONAL SURROGATE'S SUBSEQUENT 
10.33 	MARRIAGE.
11.1 	Subsequent marriage of the gestational surrogate does not affect the validity of a 
11.2 	gestational surrogacy contract, her legal spouse's consent to the contract is not required, 
11.3 	and her legal spouse is not a presumed parent of the resulting child.

11.4 	Sec. 9. [257.95] IMMUNITIES.
11.5 	Except as provided in sections 257.87 to 257.99, no person is civilly or criminally 
11.6 	liable for nonnegligent actions taken pursuant to the requirements of sections 257.87 to 
11.7 	257.99. This provision does not prevent liability or actions between or among the parties, 
11.8 	including actions brought by or on behalf of the child, based on negligent, reckless, 
11.9 	willful, or intentional acts that result in damages to any party.

11.10 	Sec. 10. [257.96] NONCOMPLIANCE.
11.11 	Noncompliance by the gestational surrogate or the intended parent or parents occurs 
11.12 	if that party breaches a provision of the gestational surrogacy contract or fails to comply 
11.13 	with any requirement in sections 257.87 to 257.99.

11.14 	Sec. 11. [257.97] EFFECT OF NONCOMPLIANCE.
11.15 	(a) In the event of noncompliance, as defined in section 257.96, the woman who gives 
11.16 	birth to the child is presumed to be the mother of that child for state law, and a court of 
11.17 	competent jurisdiction shall determine the respective rights and obligations of the parties to 
11.18 	any surrogacy agreement based solely on the other provisions of the Parentage Act, sections 
11.19 	257.51 to 257.74, specifically including, but not limited to, the best interests of the child.
11.20 	(b) There is no specific performance remedy available for a breach by the gestational 
11.21 	surrogate of a gestational surrogacy contract term that requires her to be impregnated.

11.22 	Sec. 12. [257.98] DAMAGES.
11.23 	(a) Except as expressly provided in the gestational surrogacy contract, the intended 
11.24 	parent or parents are entitled to all remedies available at law or equity.
11.25 	(b) Except as expressly provided in the gestational surrogacy contract, the gestational 
11.26 	surrogate is entitled to all remedies available at law or equity.

11.27 	Sec. 13. [257.99] IRREVOCABILITY.
11.28 	No action to invalidate a gestational surrogacy arrangement meeting the 
11.29 	requirements of section 257.88, paragraph (d), or to challenge the rights of parentage 
11.30 	established under section 257.88 and the Parentage Act, sections 257.51 to 257.74, may be 
11.31 	commenced after 12 months from the date of birth of a child.

12.1 	Sec. 14. EFFECTIVE DATE.
 12.2 	Sections 1 to 13 are effective for gestational surrogacy contracts entered into on 
12.3 	or after August 1, 2014.